CN112471015B - Large-scale breeding method of clam-shaped anodonta woodiana - Google Patents
Large-scale breeding method of clam-shaped anodonta woodiana Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112471015B CN112471015B CN202011345210.6A CN202011345210A CN112471015B CN 112471015 B CN112471015 B CN 112471015B CN 202011345210 A CN202011345210 A CN 202011345210A CN 112471015 B CN112471015 B CN 112471015B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- mussels
- breeding
- water
- young
- net cage
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 241000452298 Sinanodonta woodiana Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 241000237536 Mytilus edulis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 235000020638 mussel Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001330002 Bambuseae Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000217381 Anodonta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000143060 Americamysis bahia Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000020639 clam Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 25
- 241000237519 Bivalvia Species 0.000 abstract description 18
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000446313 Lamella Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000063464 Vitex agnus-castus Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000009347 chasteberry Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000237852 Mollusca Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029052 metamorphosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a large-scale breeding method of clam-shaped anodonta woodiana, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a breeding pond, (2) collecting parents, (3) domesticating and fertilizing parent mussels, (4) screening fertilized female mussels, (5) collecting young mussels, (6) transferring parent mussels, (7) cultivating mussel seedlings, (8) preventing and controlling enemies, (9) hanging and cultivating in a net cage: (10) and (5) later maintenance and management. The method can breed a large number of clam-shaped anodonta woodiana in a large scale, has high breeding rate, controllable breeding process, high yield, easy management and low cost, can produce a large number of young clams in the next year, can be used for proliferation and releasing, scientific research and water body purification, is rare substitute meat with good taste and rich nutrition under the conditions of rising meat price, closing of small and medium farmers and fishing prohibition in the Yangtze river, and has huge market economic value and ecological value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a large-scale breeding method of clam-shaped anodonta woodiana, which can be used for rapidly amplifying population quantity, can obtain objective quantity in the second year, can be used for proliferation and releasing and food processing, has high environmental value and economic value, and belongs to the field of breeding methods of freshwater mussels which have high economic value and high added value and can be used for replacing meat.
Background
The clam-shaped anodonta mussel is a special member of freshwater mussels, is known in double shells of freshwater mussels in China at present, is the only mussel without parasitic fish and a metamorphosis development process, has high growth speed, can reach sexual maturity when the mussel is aged for one year, hook larvae directly develop and mature gradually in the outer gill flap of a female mussel, and the female mussel discharges the mature larvae into a water body at one time after the clam develops and matures to form young mussels without parasitic fish in the process. The clam-shaped anodonta mussel shell is thin and much in meat, has high growth speed, low culture cost and no pollution in the culture process, and can purify eutrophic water; the clam-shaped anodonta woodiana is tender in taste compared with other freshwater mussels, is rich in protein, mineral substances, trace elements and the like, can be directly cooked or processed to be used as canned products, dry goods and the like, can be used as substitute meat due to fast reproduction, low cultivation cost and rich nutrition, can greatly relieve the economic situation of meat shortage and rapid meat price rise in poor areas and countries, and does not have scale reproduction and deep processing industry of the clam-shaped anodonta woodiana at present, so the industry has great economic value and social value.
The mussels, as a member of freshwater mussels, are also threatened by over-fishing and damage, change and the like of habitats, so that the natural resources of the mussels gradually become less and less, and the data in 2009 shows that the species of the downstream lake mussels in the Yangtze river in a near-dangerous or threatened state reach 58.2 percent of the total number. If the artificial scale breeding can be realized, the condition that the mussel resource is gradually scarce can be greatly relieved, and the method has great significance for stabilizing a water ecosystem and protecting the diversity of aquatic animals.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a manually-controlled high-yield clam-shaped anodonta woodiana breeding technology.
The production method of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a breeding pool: the artificial breeding process of the clam-shaped anodonta woodiana should simulate the characteristics of a natural habitat as much as possible, and because the clam-shaped anodonta woodiana prefers running water and is sandy soil, the living environment of the clam-shaped anodonta woodiana is built as much as possible for breeding.
Preparing a breeding pond: adopting a flat soil surface as a foundation of a breeding pool, piling up the breeding pool by red bricks with the specification of 24cm multiplied by 12cm multiplied by 6cm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), wherein the size of the breeding pool is 3.0m multiplied by 1.5m multiplied by 0.4m (length multiplied by width multiplied by depth), and paving plastic films at the bottom and the periphery of the breeding pool to prevent leakage; the breeding pond is provided with a water outlet, the width of the water outlet is 20cm, the depth of the water outlet is 5cm, water is drained in a natural overflow mode, water is sprayed by pricking and needling with a plastic film pipe with the diameter of phi 16, the water source is nearby river water, and a 60-mesh screen is covered at the end of the water inlet pipe to filter large aquatic insects and algae.
Preparing bottom mud: excavating sandy river mud, drying in the sun, grinding finely, paving in a breeding pond with the thickness of about 3cm, and introducing river water with the flow of 1 t/h.
(2) Parent collection: collecting clam-shaped anodonta mussel parents in a field river within 11 months to 2 months next year, washing the collected parents once by running water until the surfaces of the parents are free from sludge, and then placing the parents in a prepared breeding pond.
(3) Parent clam domestication and fertilization: 400 parent mussels are placed in each breeding pond, and the male-female ratio is 4: 1, adding bottom mud once, and adjusting the inflow to 1.5t/h to ensure fresh water and sufficient nutrition during the propagation period; domesticating in flowing water for one month to make the parents adapt to the environment of a breeding pond; the collected parent mussels have both male mussels and female mussels, and can be fertilized in the breeding pond, and the density is favorable for the fertilization process, and can also improve the fertilization rate.
(4) And (3) screening fertilized female mussels: and (3) screening parents in the breeding pond, selecting the parents (with the body length of 4cm or more) with the clam age of one year or more, slightly opening the shell by using a special shell opener to observe the external gill petals, selecting parent clams with the external gill petals in a bulged or slightly bulged shape to serve as clams for breeding (namely fertilized female clams), putting the clams into another breeding pond, placing 200 female clams in each breeding pond, carrying out running water culture, adjusting the flow to be 1t/h, and preventing young clams to be discharged from being washed away at an excessive speed.
(5) Collecting young mussels: and 3, collecting bottom mud on the surface layer of the breeding pond at the end of 3 months, washing the collected bottom mud through a 200-mesh square screen (see the figure) until most of the bottom mud is washed away, collecting a backflushing liquid through the backflushing screen, clarifying for 10 minutes, pouring out a supernatant, taking a proper amount of bottom mud, and checking whether young mussels exist under a microscope, wherein if the young mussels exist, the young mussels are indicated to be discharged by female mussels.
(6) Transferring the parent mussel: and after the parent mussels begin to discharge the young mussels for 45 days, slightly opening shells by using a special shell opening device to observe the branchial lamella, and if the branchial lamella is thin and has no bulge, determining that the female mussels discharge the larvae. At this time, all the female clams are removed, and the inflow rate is adjusted to be 1.5 t/h.
(7) Culturing mussel seedlings: adding the finely ground river mud once every 30 days, wherein the adding amount is 10-15 kg/pond, lightly stirring the bottom mud back and forth by using a clam rake (the rake spacing is 1.5cm) made of bamboo wood, and keeping the bottom mud soft so as to prevent the bottom mud from hardening or being too compact to cause smelliness and insufficient bottom dissolved oxygen; during the period, the content of dissolved oxygen in the inlet water is monitored to ensure that the content of the dissolved oxygen is not lower than 4.0 mg/L.
(8) And (3) controlling harmful insects: when young mussels are about 45 days old, the bed mud is sieved by using a 40-mesh sieve to clean red nematodes, shrimps and other aquatic insects, and prevent enemy benthonic animals from eating the young mussels and competing for nutrient substances.
(9) Hanging and cultivating by using a net cage: when the young mussels are about 90 days old, the young mussels grow into young mussels with the size of 15 +/-5 mm, the young mussels are removed from the breeding pond, and the young mussels are hung and cultured by adopting a wooden frame strip net cage. A layer of plastic rain cloth is laid at the bottom of the net cage, and the four sides of the net cage are fixed by a layer of ethylene net sheets with meshes of 1-2 cm; adding river mud into the net cages directly, paving the whole box bottom with the thickness of about 2cm, and placing 2000 young mussels into each net cage; the method comprises the steps of selecting open, leeward and sunny-facing and flowing water surface for hanging, using bamboo and wood as piles, fixing four corners of a net cage by nylon ropes, and hanging the net cage into water.
(10) And (3) later maintenance and management: adding mud once one month after the young mussels drop in the net cage, wherein the mud adding amount is half of the mud adding amount at the first time, and adding no mud at the later stage; regularly patrolling the suspended water surface, and keeping track of the overturning of the net cage caused by excessive water flow; in summer, the aquatic weeds around the net cage are cleaned to prevent the dissolved oxygen in the water body near the net cage from being low and influencing the growth of the young mussels; in winter, when the water temperature is low, the depth of the net cage can be timely adjusted, and the net cage is adjusted to be 0.8m away from the water surface.
The method can breed a large number of clam-shaped anodonta woodiana in a large scale, has high breeding rate, controllable breeding process, high yield, easy management and low cost, can produce a large number of young clams in the next year, can be used for proliferation and releasing, scientific research and water body purification, is rare substitute meat with good taste and rich nutrition under the conditions of rising meat price, closing of small and medium farmers and fishing prohibition in the Yangtze river, and has huge market economic value and ecological value.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Drawings
Fig. 1 shows collected clam-shaped parent clams of anodonta woodiana.
FIG. 2 is a structure of a mud screen washing net at the bottom of a breeding pond.
FIG. 3 shows the shape of a young mussel under a microscope.
Fig. 4 young mussels when they are about 90 days old.
Fig. 5 is a net cage structure diagram of a wooden frame strip.
Detailed Description
The terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "front", "rear", "both ends", "one end", "the other end", and the like in the specification indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "disposed," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, such as "connected," which may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Embodiment 1, a large-scale breeding method of clam-shaped anodonta woodiana comprises the following steps:
collecting clam-shaped anodonta mussels (see figure 1) in 6-9 months in 2019 in a Wuhu chaste river and a Zhusi hong river, carrying out large-scale breeding in a freshwater shellfish breeding base of Anhui Shuyun mollusk breeding technology Limited, and starting breeding at the beginning of 2 months in 2020.
(1) Breeding pond preparation
Firstly, excavating a breeding pond: adopting a flat soil surface as a foundation of a breeding pool, piling up the breeding pool by red bricks with the specification of 24cm multiplied by 12cm multiplied by 6cm (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), wherein the size of the breeding pool is 3.0m multiplied by 1.5m multiplied by 0.5m (length multiplied by width multiplied by depth), and paving plastic films at the bottom and the periphery of the breeding pool to prevent leakage; the breeding pond is provided with a water outlet, the width of the water outlet is 20cm, the depth of the water outlet is 5cm, water is drained in a natural overflow mode, water is sprayed by pricking and injecting a plastic film pipe with the diameter of phi 16, the water source is nearby river water, a 60-mesh screen is covered at the end of the water inlet pipe, and large-scale aquatic insects and algae are filtered. 10 breeding ponds are prepared for breeding the clam-shaped anodonta woodiana.
Secondly, bottom mud laying: excavating sandy river mud, drying in the sun, grinding finely, paving in a breeding pond with the thickness of about 3cm, and introducing river water with the flow of 1 t/h.
And thirdly, in order to simulate the living conditions of clam-shaped anodonta woodiana as much as possible and create favorable conditions for domestication of the anodonta woodiana, the used bottom mud is collected from one side of the vitex river, and the water inlet source is also from the nearby vitex river.
(2) Parent domestication and artificial fertilization
In 2 months in 2020, washing collected clam-shaped anodonta woodiana parents until the surfaces of the clam-shaped anodonta woodiana parents are free from sludge by running water, and then placing the clam-shaped anodonta woodiana parents into prepared breeding ponds, wherein 400 parent clams are placed in each breeding pond; domesticating in flowing water to make the parent adapt to the breeding pond environment; after the water is acclimated for one month, adjusting the water inflow to 1.5t/h, and adding the bottom mud once to ensure that the water quality is fresh and the nutrition is sufficient during the propagation period; the collected parent mussels have both male mussels and female mussels, and can be fertilized in the breeding pond, and the parent mussels have high density, so that the fertilization process is facilitated, and the fertilization rate can be increased.
(3) Fertilized female mussel screening
And in 3 months early in 2020, screening collected parents, selecting the parents (the body length is 4cm or more) with the clam age of one year or more, slightly opening the shell by using a special shell opener to observe the external gill petals, selecting parent clams with the external gill petals in a bulged or slightly bulged shape to serve as mussels for breeding (namely fertilized female clams), placing the parent clams in another breeding pond, placing 200 female clams in each breeding pond, and carrying out running water breeding with the flow adjusted to 1t/h to prevent young clams to be discharged from being washed away at an excessively high flow speed.
(5) Collecting young mussels
And at the end of 3 months in 2020, taking a proper amount of bottom mud on the surface layer of the breeding pond, screening and washing the collected bottom mud through a 200-mesh square screen (see figure 2) until most of the bottom mud is washed away, backflushing the screen to collect backflushing liquid, clarifying for 10 minutes, pouring out supernatant, taking a proper amount of bottom mud, and checking whether young mussels exist under a microscope, wherein if the young mussels are found (see figure 3), the young mussels are shown to be discharged from female mussels, and the length of the newly discharged young mussels is about 0.55 +/-0.05 mm.
(6) Parent mussel transfer
And after the parent mussels begin to discharge the young mussels for 45 days, slightly opening shells by using a special shell opening device to observe the branchial petals, and if the branchial petals are thin and have no bulge, determining that the young mussels are discharged by the female mussels. At this time, all the female clams are removed, and the inflow rate is adjusted to be 1.5 t/h.
(7) Clam seedling cultivation
Adding the finely ground river mud once every 15 days, wherein the adding amount is 10-15 kg/pool, lightly stirring the bottom mud back and forth by using a clam rake (the rake spacing is 1.5cm) made of bamboo wood, and keeping the bottom mud soft so as to prevent the bottom mud from hardening or being too compact to cause smelliness and insufficient bottom dissolved oxygen; during the period, the content of dissolved oxygen in the inlet water is monitored to ensure that the content of the dissolved oxygen is not lower than 4.0 mg/L.
(8) Prevention and control of enemy
When young mussels are about 45 days old, the bed mud is sieved by using a 40-mesh sieve to clean red nematodes, shrimps and other aquatic insects, and prevent enemy benthonic animals from eating the young mussels and competing for nutrient substances.
(9) Hanging cage
When the young mussels are about 90 days old, the young mussels grow into young mussels (shown in figure 4) with the size of 15 +/-5 mm, the young mussels are removed from the breeding pond, 10 ten thousand young mussels are harvested from 10 breeding ponds, and the young mussels are cultivated by a wooden frame strip net cage (shown in figure 5). A layer of plastic rain cloth is laid at the bottom of the net cage, and the four sides of the net cage are fixed by a layer of ethylene net sheets with meshes of 1-2 cm; adding river mud into the net cages directly, paving the whole box bottom with the thickness of about 2cm, and placing 2000 young mussels into each net cage; the method comprises the steps of selecting open, leeward and sunny-facing and flowing water surface for hanging, using bamboo and wood as piles, fixing four corners of a net cage by nylon ropes, and hanging the net cage into water.
(10) Post maintenance management
Adding mud once when the young mussels grow to about 5cm, wherein the mud adding amount is half of the mud adding amount for the first time, and adding no mud in the later period; regularly patrolling the suspended water surface, and keeping track of the overturning of the net cage caused by excessive water flow; in summer, the aquatic weeds around the net cage are cleaned to prevent the dissolved oxygen in the water body near the net cage from being low and influencing the growth of the young mussels; in winter, when the water temperature is low, the depth of the net cage can be timely adjusted, and the net cage is adjusted to be 0.8m away from the water surface.
The method can breed a large number of clam-shaped anodonta woodiana in a large scale, has high breeding rate, controllable breeding process, high yield, easy management and low cost, can produce a large number of young clams in the next year, can be used for proliferation and releasing, scientific research and water body purification, is rare substitute meat with good taste and rich nutrition under the conditions of rising meat price, closing of small and medium farmers and fishing prohibition in the Yangtze river, and has huge market economic value and ecological value.
The above examples are only for describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.
The parts not involved in the present invention are the same as or can be implemented using the prior art.
Claims (1)
1. A large-scale breeding method of clam-shaped anodonta woodiana is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing a breeding pool: the artificial breeding process of the clam-shaped anodonta woodiana should simulate the characteristics of a natural habitat as much as possible, and as the clam-shaped anodonta woodiana is like running water and has good sandy soil, the living environment of the clam-shaped anodonta woodiana is built as much as possible for breeding needs;
preparing a breeding pool: the method comprises the following steps of (1) adopting a flat soil surface as a foundation of a breeding pool, stacking the breeding pool by red bricks with the specification of 24cm multiplied by 12cm multiplied by 6cm, wherein the size of the breeding pool is 3.0m multiplied by 1.5m multiplied by 0.4m, and paving a plastic film at the bottom and the periphery of the breeding pool to prevent leakage; the breeding pond is provided with a water outlet, the width of the water outlet is 20cm, the depth of the water outlet is 5cm, water is drained in a natural overflow mode, water is injected by pricking a plastic film pipe with the diameter of phi 16, the water source is nearby river water, a 60-mesh screen is covered at the end of the water inlet pipe, and large-scale aquatic insects and algae are filtered;
preparing bottom mud: excavating sandy river mud, drying in the sun, grinding finely, paving in a breeding pond, paving with the thickness of about 3cm, and introducing river water with the flow of 1 t/h;
2) and parent collection: collecting clam-shaped anodonta mussel parents in a field river within 11 months to 2 months next year, flushing the collected parents once by running water until the surfaces of the parents are free from sludge, and then placing the parents in a prepared breeding pond;
3) parent clam domestication and fertilization: 400 parent mussels are placed in each breeding pond, and the male-female ratio is 4: 1, adding bottom mud once, and adjusting the inflow to 1.5t/h to ensure fresh water and sufficient nutrition during the propagation period; domesticating in flowing water for one month to make the parents adapt to the environment of a breeding pond; the collected parent mussels have both male mussels and female mussels, and can be fertilized in a breeding pond, and the density is favorable for the fertilization process and can also improve the fertilization rate;
4) and screening fertilized female mussels: at the beginning of 3 months, screening parents in the breeding ponds, selecting the parents with the body length of more than 4cm in a year of the age of the mussels, slightly opening shells by using a special shell opener to observe external gill petals, selecting parent mussels with the external gill petals in a bulged or slightly bulged shape to serve as fertilized female mussels for breeding, putting the fertilized female mussels into another breeding pond, placing 200 female mussels in each breeding pond, carrying out running water breeding, adjusting the flow to be 1t/h, and preventing the young mussels to be discharged from being washed away at an excessively high flow rate;
5) collecting young mussels: collecting bottom mud on the surface layer of the breeding pond at the bottom of 3 months, washing the collected bottom mud through a 200-mesh square screen until most of the bottom mud is washed away, collecting a backflushing liquid by using the backflushing screen, clarifying for 10 minutes, pouring out a supernatant, taking a proper amount of bottom mud, and checking whether young mussels exist under a microscope, wherein if the young mussels exist, the female mussels begin to discharge the young mussels;
6) transferring the parent mussel: after the parent mussels begin to discharge young mussels for 45 days, slightly opening shells by using a shell opener to observe gill petals, if the gill petals are thin and have no bulge, considering that the female mussels finish discharging larvae, moving out all the female mussels at the moment, and adjusting the water inflow flow rate to be 1.5 t/h;
7) and culturing mussel seedlings: adding the finely ground river mud once every 30 days, wherein the adding amount is 10 kg-15 kg/pool, lightly stirring the bottom mud back and forth by using a clam harrow made of bamboo and wood and having a harrow spacing of 1.5cm, and keeping the bottom mud soft so as to prevent the bottom mud from hardening or being too compact to cause smelliness and insufficient bottom dissolved oxygen; during the period, the content of dissolved oxygen in the inlet water is monitored to ensure that the dissolved oxygen is not less than 4.0mg/L,
8) and the control of enemy: when young mussels are about 45 days old, screening the bottom mud by using a 40-mesh screen to clean red nematodes, shrimps and other aquatic insects, and preventing enemy benthonic animals from eating the young mussels and competing for nutrient substances;
9) and hanging and maintaining the net cage: when young mussels are about 90 days old, young mussels with the size of 15 +/-5 mm grow, the young mussels are removed from the breeding pond and hung by a wooden frame strip net cage, a layer of plastic rain cloth is laid at the bottom of the net cage, and the four sides of the net cage are fixed by a layer of ethylene net sheets with the meshes of 1-2 cm; adding river mud into the net cages directly, paving the whole box bottom with the thickness of about 2cm, and placing 2000 young mussels into each net cage; selecting open, leeward, sunny and flowing water surface for hanging cultivation, using bamboo as piles, fixing four corners of the net cage by nylon ropes, and hanging the net cage into water;
10) and later maintenance management: adding mud once one month after the young mussels drop in the net cage, wherein the mud adding amount is half of the mud adding amount at the first time, and adding no mud at the later stage; regularly patrolling the suspended water surface, and keeping track of the overturning of the net cage caused by excessive water flow; in summer, the aquatic weeds around the net cage are cleaned to prevent the dissolved oxygen in the water body near the net cage from being low and influencing the growth of the young mussels; in winter, when the water temperature is low, the depth of the net cage can be timely adjusted, and the net cage is adjusted to be 0.8m away from the water surface.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011345210.6A CN112471015B (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2020-11-25 | Large-scale breeding method of clam-shaped anodonta woodiana |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011345210.6A CN112471015B (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2020-11-25 | Large-scale breeding method of clam-shaped anodonta woodiana |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112471015A CN112471015A (en) | 2021-03-12 |
| CN112471015B true CN112471015B (en) | 2022-01-14 |
Family
ID=74934892
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011345210.6A Active CN112471015B (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2020-11-25 | Large-scale breeding method of clam-shaped anodonta woodiana |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112471015B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115349471B (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2024-05-03 | 安徽水韵环保股份有限公司 | High-yield artificial breeding method for corbicula fluminea |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR101474407B1 (en) * | 2014-09-02 | 2014-12-24 | (주)한국생물보전연구소 | Method for mass seedling production by maturation induction of phodeus notatus in korean bitterlings(acheilognathinae) through induced maturing |
| CN108496860A (en) * | 2018-04-16 | 2018-09-07 | 苏州苏湘特种水产养殖场 | A kind of cage culture method of Anodonta woodiana pacifica Heude |
| CN110800664A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-18 | 苏州中国珍珠宝石城有限公司 | Freshwater mussel culture method |
-
2020
- 2020-11-25 CN CN202011345210.6A patent/CN112471015B/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112471015A (en) | 2021-03-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Chen et al. | Culture of Penaeus monodon in an intensified system in Taiwan | |
| CN102550457A (en) | Early propagation method for hyriopsis cumingii seeds | |
| LU502637B1 (en) | Method for promoting maturation of coelomactra antiquata parent shellfish cultured by shrimp pond algae | |
| CN103766253A (en) | Method for breeding small-sized shrimps | |
| CN106942103B (en) | Artificial seedling raising method for cucurbit snails | |
| CN111567344A (en) | Intensive clean breeding method based on rice field in middle and lower Yangtze river | |
| CN112471015B (en) | Large-scale breeding method of clam-shaped anodonta woodiana | |
| CN106719185A (en) | A kind of method that rock oyster ecological breeding is carried out using the megathermal period | |
| CN106719183A (en) | Culture method in the sea area of picture-weaving in silk Ba Fei clam seeds | |
| CN102077788A (en) | Method for improving culture survival rate of river crabs by using climbing device | |
| CN102696525A (en) | Pool for tilapia and freshwater shrimp three-dimensional aquaculture and method thereof | |
| CN113349117A (en) | Method and device for ecologically breeding rapana venosa in pond | |
| CN103814853B (en) | A kind of selection of import prawn natural selection | |
| CN216088323U (en) | Greenhouse culture system of micropterus salmoides | |
| CN105075938A (en) | Large-scale cultivation method for Tapes dorsatus spats | |
| CN202714084U (en) | Pond for stereoscopic cultivation of tilapia mossambica and freshwater shrimps | |
| CN114080966A (en) | Whitmania pigra Whitman cultivation lotus root field system and Whitmania pigra Whitman lotus root field cultivation method | |
| CN107094678A (en) | A kind of scale breeding method for pond crayfish | |
| CN208783551U (en) | A kind of japonicus cultivating system | |
| CN107535400B (en) | Method for continuously culturing Moina freshwater by using shrimp culture wastewater in summer | |
| CN112205330A (en) | Large-scale artificial breeding method of Liriosa pigeonia | |
| CN112690234A (en) | Artificial breeding method of young solenopsis amabilis based on host fish | |
| CN102084832A (en) | Spat culture method for intertidal zone shellfish seeds | |
| CN112262797A (en) | Artificial breeding method of giant clam | |
| CN106031366A (en) | Oyster seedling growing method |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| PE01 | Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right |
Denomination of invention: A kind of large-scale breeding method of algae Effective date of registration: 20220907 Granted publication date: 20220114 Pledgee: China Merchants Bank (CMB) Limited by Share Ltd. Wuhu branch Pledgor: ANHUI SHUIYUN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2022980014721 |
|
| PE01 | Entry into force of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right | ||
| PC01 | Cancellation of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right |
Date of cancellation: 20220929 Granted publication date: 20220114 Pledgee: China Merchants Bank (CMB) Limited by Share Ltd. Wuhu branch Pledgor: ANHUI SHUIYUN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION CO.,LTD. Registration number: Y2022980014721 |
|
| PC01 | Cancellation of the registration of the contract for pledge of patent right |