CN112470845A - Cultivation method of white-skin burdock - Google Patents
Cultivation method of white-skin burdock Download PDFInfo
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- CN112470845A CN112470845A CN202011555638.3A CN202011555638A CN112470845A CN 112470845 A CN112470845 A CN 112470845A CN 202011555638 A CN202011555638 A CN 202011555638A CN 112470845 A CN112470845 A CN 112470845A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
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- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating white-skin burdock, which comprises the following steps of selecting ten days from 2 middle to 2 last months, after harvesting previous crops, applying 80 kg of granular ammonium bicarbonate, 1000-1200 kg of Changbai mountain natural humus soil, using monopotassium phosphate and dipotassium phosphate to adjust the pH value of the soil to be 5.2-5.7 per mu, mixing 500 mL of 1.8% Beinong Avermectin missible oil with 25 kg of fine sandy soil, uniformly spreading the mixture on the ground surface, deeply turning over for 30-35 cm, sunning for 5-7 days, keeping the row spacing at 85 cm, enabling the diameter of a rotary head of a ditcher to be 7-9 cm, enabling the ditch depth to be 90 cm, drying burdock seeds in the sun for 4-5 hours, and soaking the burdock seeds in 25 ℃ warm water for 48 hours, and achieving the effects: the yield per mu is 1200-1500 kg in the last ten days of 9-10 months of the burdock harvest period, the skin of the fleshy root of the burdock is milky white, the defective rate of the burdock is less than 9%, the product specification is 2L grade, 15-17%, L grade, 25-28%, M grade, 20-22%, 2M grade, 25-26% and S grade is 7-15%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cultivation method of root vegetables, in particular to a cultivation method of burdock.
Background
The burdock is divided into spring sowing, summer sowing, autumn sowing and winter sowing, the burdock can be planted all the year round, the burdock is divided into yellow-skin burdock, brown-skin burdock and precious black-skin burdock according to the color of the fleshy root, the white-skin burdock is rare in the market, the skin of the fleshy root has a pigment, the color of some pigments can change along with the change of the pH value of the soil, the invention uses monopotassium phosphate and dipotassium phosphate to form the pH value buffer of the soil on the basis of long-term research to adjust the pH value of the soil, the pH value of the soil is adjusted to be 5.2 to 5.7 under the acidic condition, the natural humus soil of Changbai mountain is used for deeply turning over the soil to adjust the soil porosity, the fleshy burdock root can be milky, excessive ammonium bicarbonate is added into a base fertilizer to expel insects and drive mice, 50 percent of 100 mL of phoxim is used for each mu in 4 to 5 months, 50 kilograms of the pesticide solution is prepared and mixed into 3 to 4 kilograms of fried wheat bran or crushed peanut cakes, the fertilizer is applied to the fine furrows, the furrows are filled and compacted after the fertilizer is applied, 35-40 kg of ammonium bicarbonate is applied to each mu, the effect of preventing insects and repelling rats can be achieved, the technology of preventing collapse of the narrow furrows and the like is adopted, and the yield and the quality of the burdock are greatly improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of white-skin burdock, which comprises the following steps:
(1) the burdock epidermis contains a pigment which is sensitive to pH value response and can show different colors under different pH values, and years of experiments show that: when the pH value of the soil is 5.2 to 5.7 and the surface temperature of the soil is not more than 28 ℃, the fleshy root epidermis of the burdock is white, the burdocks with root bark must be planted in the middle ten days to the lower ten days of the spring 2, the pH value of the field for planting the burdock is subacid soil with the pH value of 5.2 to 5.7, if the pH value of the soil is less than 5.2, the pH value can be adjusted to 5.2 to 5.7 by alkalescent dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, and the fertilizing amount per mu is as follows: 3 kg of selenium fertilizer, 35 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 0.2 kg of phoxim; when the pH value of the soil is 5.3, the fertilizing amount per mu is as follows: 0.8 to 0.9 kg of sodium borate borax, 3 kg of selenium fertilizer and 0.2 kg of phoxim; when the pH value of the soil is 5.4; 600 g of borax sodium borate, 3 kg of selenium fertilizer, 35 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 35 kg of monopotassium phosphate and 0.2 kg of phoxim; when the pH value of the soil is 5.5, the fertilizing amount per mu is as follows: 700 g of borax sodium borate, 2 kg of selenium fertilizer, 35 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 35 kg of monopotassium phosphate and 0.3 kg of phoxim; when the pH value of the soil is more than 5.7, the fertilizing amount per mu is 800 g of sodium borate borax, 2 kg of selenium fertilizer, 25 to 45 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 60 to 80 kg of monopotassium phosphate and 0.2 kg of phoxim; deeply turning for 30-35 cm, and sunning for 5-7 days; the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate are added into the soil, so that on one hand, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be increased, and more importantly, the pH value of the soil in the growing environment of the fleshy roots of the burdock can be adjusted to be controlled within the range of 5.2-5.7;
(2) paying off according to the line spacing of 85 cm, opening hooks according to the line, mechanically opening a waist ditch according to the terrain of 43 m, ditching with a burdock machine, wherein the diameter of a rotary head is 7-9 cm, the depth of the ditch is 90 cm, 80 kg of granular ammonium bicarbonate is applied to each mu, 1000-1200 kg of natural humus soil of Changbai mountain is added to each mu, and 25 kg of fine sandy soil is uniformly mixed with 500 mL of 1.8% Beinong Avermectin missible oil and is uniformly spread on the ground surface of a ditching line before hooking; the method is characterized in that the method cannot be crossed with a waist ditch during ditching, ditching must be stopped at a position 20-23 cm away from the waist ditch to avoid digging up the burdock ditch and feeding water to influence the growth of burdock, a ridge with the width of 30-35 cm and the height of 20-23 cm is naturally formed after ditching, the ridge is compacted along two sides of the ridge after ditching, then the upper surface of the ridge is compacted to prevent the burdock from being deformed due to ditch collapse during rain, the compacted soil is gathered with the bottom width of 28-32 cm, and the upper opening width is 15-20; the height of the tuck is 20 cm; the soil nitrogen fertilizer is increased by applying the granular ammonium bicarbonate, meanwhile, the granular ammonium bicarbonate can continuously release ammonia in the soil, the ammonia has volatile smell and can effectively expel underground pests, 500 mL of 1.8% Beinong Avermectin missible oil is mixed with fine sand soil to kill the underground pests in the burdock ditch, 1000-1200 kg of Changbai mountain natural humus soil is added per mu to loosen the soil in the burdock ditch, the air permeability is good, the surface temperature of the soil can be effectively reduced at high temperature, and the color of the skin of the fleshy root of the burdock is milky;
(3) seed treatment: 3 days before sowing, drying the burdock seeds in the sun for 4 to 5 hours, soaking the burdock seeds in warm water at 25 ℃ for 48 hours, and sowing the burdock seeds when the burdock seeds are exposed;
(4) sowing: ditching and sowing are carried out simultaneously, sowing is carried out in the center line of the soil ridge formed in the step (2), the row spacing is 5cm, sowing is carried out at intervals of 1 seed and 2 seeds in each hole, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, soil covering and compaction are carried out, a layer of herbicide is sprayed on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the soil ridge, a mulching film is covered, an absorbable mulching film is selected for 30 days, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.08 silk, the width of the mulching film is consistent with the width of an upper opening of a soil closure, a passage opening is marked in the middle of the mulching film, so that the emergence of the burdock sprouts at the later stage is facilitated, a layer of thin soil is; the temperature is drought in spring, the surface layer of soil is easy to lose water, the mulching film is used for preserving water when burdocks are sowed, the high noon temperature of the mulching film is easy to cause rotten seeds, a port is formed in the middle of the mulching film after ridge laying so that burdocks can grow out from the opening, and a layer of soil is covered on the mulching film to mainly reduce the temperature of the soil below the mulching film;
(5) the burdock seedlings are well sowed in spring, the burdock seedlings can grow completely after being sowed for 10 to 15 days, three main leaves of the burdock grow out and thinning is started, and watering is not needed before the three-leaf period of the burdock;
(6) in the middle and late ten days of 4 months, selecting the afternoon of sunny days, drawing a fine ditch between two burdock ditches, applying fertilizer in the fine ditch, filling and compacting the ditch after application, and applying 35-40 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu;
(7) in the middle ten days of 6 months, 50 kg of phoxim is prepared into liquid medicine by using 100 mL of 50% phoxim per mu in the evening of sunny days, and the liquid medicine is mixed with 3-4 kg of fried wheat bran or crushed peanut cakes and is scattered into the field along ridges, so that cutworms can be effectively prevented and treated;
(8) in 7 months, sufficient rainwater is the peak period of burdock growth, except for conventional fertilizer and water management, weeds between two burdock ridges are removed in time, water accumulation between two ridges is prevented, the waist groove is smooth, and field management is the same as that of burdock cultivation in autumn
The effect is as follows: the yield per mu is 1200-1400 kg from the first ten days of 7 months to the last ten days of 7 months in the burdock harvesting period, the burdock fleshy root is milk white, the burdock defective rate is less than or equal to 9%, the product specification is 2L grade, 15-17%, L grade, 25-28%, M grade, 20-22%, 2M grade, 25-26% and S grade is 7-15%.
Detailed Description
Description example 1: a cultivation method of white-skin burdock comprises the following steps:
(1) and (2) 15-20 days in 2 months, adjusting the pH value of soil in the burdock land to 5.2-5.7 by using weak alkaline dipotassium hydrogen phosphate when the pH value is 5.0-5.2, wherein the fertilizing amount per mu is as follows: 3 kg of selenium fertilizer, 35 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 0.2 kg of phoxim;
(2) paying off according to the line spacing of 85 cm, opening hooks according to the line, mechanically opening a waist ditch according to the terrain of 43 m, ditching with a burdock machine, wherein the diameter of a rotary head is 7-9 cm, the depth of the ditch is 90 cm, 80 kg of granular ammonium bicarbonate is applied to each mu, 1000 kg of Changbai mountain natural humus soil is added to each mu, and 25 kg of fine sandy soil is uniformly mixed with 500 mL of 1.8% Beinong Avermectin missible oil and is uniformly spread on the ground surface of a ditching line before hooking; the method is characterized in that the method cannot be crossed with a waist ditch during ditching, ditching must be stopped at a position 20-23 cm away from the waist ditch to avoid digging up the burdock ditch and feeding water to influence the growth of burdock, a ridge with the width of 30-35 cm and the height of 20-23 cm is naturally formed after ditching, the ridge is compacted along two sides of the ridge after ditching, then the upper surface of the ridge is compacted to prevent the burdock from being deformed due to ditch collapse during rain, the compacted soil is gathered with the bottom width of 28-32 cm, and the upper opening width is 15-20; the height of the tuck is 20 cm;
(3) seed treatment: 3 days before sowing, drying the burdock seeds in the sun for 4 to 5 hours, soaking the burdock seeds in warm water at 25 ℃ for 48 hours, and sowing the burdock seeds when the burdock seeds are exposed;
(4) sowing: ditching and sowing are carried out simultaneously, sowing is carried out in the center line of the soil ridge formed in the step (2), the row spacing is 5cm, sowing is carried out at intervals of 1 seed and 2 seeds in each hole, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, soil covering and compaction are carried out, a layer of herbicide is sprayed on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the soil ridge, a mulching film is covered, an absorbable mulching film is selected for 30 days, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.08 silk, the width of the mulching film is consistent with the width of an upper opening of a soil closure, a passage opening is marked in the middle of the mulching film, so that the emergence of the burdock sprouts at the later stage is facilitated, a layer;
(5) the burdock seedlings are well sowed in spring, the burdock seedlings can grow completely after being sowed for 10 to 15 days, three main leaves of the burdock grow out and thinning is started, and watering is not needed before the three-leaf period of the burdock;
(6) in the middle and late ten days of 4 months, selecting the afternoon of sunny days, drawing a fine ditch between two burdock ditches, applying fertilizer in the fine ditch, filling and compacting the ditch after applying, and applying 35 kilograms of ammonium bicarbonate per mu;
(7) in the middle ten days of 6 months, 50 kg of phoxim is prepared into liquid medicine by using 100 mL of 50% phoxim per mu in the evening of sunny days, and the liquid medicine is mixed with 3-4 kg of fried wheat bran or crushed peanut cakes and is scattered into the field along ridges, so that cutworms can be effectively prevented and treated;
(8) in 7 months, sufficient rainwater is the peak period of burdock growth, except for conventional fertilizer and water management, weeds between two burdock ridges are removed in time, water accumulation between two ridges is prevented, the waist groove is smooth, and field management is the same as that of burdock cultivation in autumn
The effect is as follows: the yield per mu is 1100-1200 kg from the first 7 th ten days to the last 7 th ten days of the burdock harvesting period, the burdock fleshy root is milk white, the burdock defective rate is less than 9%, the product specification is 2L grade, 14-15%, L grade, 22-26%, M grade, 24-26%, 2M grade, 25-26% and S grade is more than 15%.
Example 2 a cultivation method of burdocks with white bark, which is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) and (3) adjusting the pH value of the soil to 5.2-5.7 by using weak alkaline dipotassium phosphate when the pH value of the soil is less than 5.2 in 2 months and 18-22 days, wherein the fertilizing amount per mu is as follows: 3 kg of selenium fertilizer, 35 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 0.2 kg of phoxim;
(2) paying off according to the line spacing of 85 cm, opening hooks according to the line, mechanically opening a waist ditch according to the terrain of 43 m, ditching with a burdock machine, wherein the diameter of a rotary head is 7-9 cm, the depth of the ditch is 90 cm, 80 kg of granular ammonium bicarbonate is applied to each mu, 1100 kg of natural humus soil of Changbai mountain is added to each mu, and 25 kg of fine sandy soil is uniformly mixed with 500 mL of 1.8% Beinong Avermectin missible oil before hooking; the method is characterized in that the method cannot be crossed with a waist ditch during ditching, ditching must be stopped at a position 20-23 cm away from the waist ditch to avoid digging up the burdock ditch and feeding water to influence the growth of burdock, a ridge with the width of 30-35 cm and the height of 20-23 cm is naturally formed after ditching, the ridge is compacted along two sides of the ridge after ditching, then the upper surface of the ridge is compacted to prevent the burdock from being deformed due to ditch collapse during rain, the compacted soil is gathered with the bottom width of 28-32 cm, and the upper opening width is 15-20; the height of the tuck is 20 cm; the soil nitrogen fertilizer is increased by applying the granular ammonium bicarbonate, meanwhile, the granular ammonium bicarbonate can continuously release ammonia in the soil, the ammonia has volatile smell and can effectively expel underground pests, 500 mL of 1.8% Beinong Avermectin missible oil is mixed with fine sand soil to kill the underground pests in the burdock ditch, 1000-1200 kg of Changbai mountain natural humus soil is added per mu to loosen the soil in the burdock ditch, the air permeability is good, the surface temperature of the soil can be effectively reduced at high temperature, and the color of the skin of the fleshy root of the burdock is milky;
(3) seed treatment: 3 days before sowing, drying the burdock seeds in the sun for 4 to 5 hours, soaking the burdock seeds in warm water at 25 ℃ for 48 hours, and sowing the burdock seeds when the burdock seeds are exposed;
(4) sowing: ditching and sowing are carried out simultaneously, sowing is carried out in the center line of the soil ridge formed in the step (2), the row spacing is 5cm, sowing is carried out at intervals of 1 seed and 2 seeds in each hole, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, soil covering and compaction are carried out, a layer of herbicide is sprayed on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the soil ridge, a mulching film is covered, an absorbable mulching film is selected for 30 days, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.08 silk, the width of the mulching film is consistent with the width of an upper opening of a soil closure, a passage opening is marked in the middle of the mulching film, so that the emergence of the burdock sprouts at the later stage is facilitated, a layer of thin soil is; the temperature is drought in spring, the surface layer of soil is easy to lose water, the mulching film is used for preserving water when burdocks are sowed, the high noon temperature of the mulching film is easy to cause rotten seeds, a port is formed in the middle of the mulching film after ridge laying so that burdocks can grow out from the opening, and a layer of soil is covered on the mulching film to mainly reduce the temperature of the soil below the mulching film;
(5) the burdock seedlings are well sowed in spring, the burdock seedlings can grow completely after being sowed for 10 to 15 days, three main leaves of the burdock grow out and thinning is started, and watering is not needed before the three-leaf period of the burdock;
(6) in the middle and late ten days of 4 months, selecting the afternoon of sunny days, drawing a fine ditch between two burdock ditches, applying fertilizer in the fine ditch, filling and compacting the ditch after application, and applying 35-40 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu;
(7) in the middle ten days of 6 months, 50 kg of phoxim is prepared into liquid medicine by using 100 mL of 50% phoxim per mu in the evening of sunny days, and the liquid medicine is mixed with 3-4 kg of fried wheat bran or crushed peanut cakes and is scattered into the field along ridges, so that cutworms can be effectively prevented and treated;
(8) in 7 months, sufficient rainwater is the peak period of burdock growth, except for conventional fertilizer and water management, weeds between two burdock ridges are removed in time, water accumulation between two ridges is prevented, the waist groove is smooth, and field management is the same as that of burdock cultivation in autumn
The effect is as follows: the yield per mu is 1200-1400 kg from the first ten days of 7 months to the last ten days of 7 months in the burdock harvesting period, the burdock fleshy root is milk white, the burdock defective rate is less than or equal to 9%, the product specification is 2L grade, 15-17%, L grade, 25-28%, M grade, 20-22%, 2M grade, 25-26% and S grade is 7-15%. .
Example 3: a cultivation method of white-skin burdock comprises the following steps:
(1) and when the pH value of the soil is 5.3 in days of 19-22 months from 2 months, the fertilizing amount per mu is as follows: 0.8 to 0.9 kg of sodium borate borax, 3 kg of selenium fertilizer and 0.2 kg of phoxim;
(2) paying off according to the line spacing of 85 cm, opening hooks according to the line, mechanically opening a waist ditch according to the terrain of 43 m, ditching with a burdock machine, wherein the diameter of a rotary head is 7-9 cm, the depth of the ditch is 90 cm, 80 kg of granular ammonium bicarbonate is applied to each mu, 1200 kg of natural humus soil of Changbai mountain is added to each mu, and 25 kg of fine sandy soil is uniformly mixed with 500 mL of 1.8% Beinong Avermectin missible oil and is uniformly spread on the ground surface of a ditching line before hooking; the method is characterized in that the method cannot be crossed with a waist ditch during ditching, ditching must be stopped at a position 20-23 cm away from the waist ditch to avoid digging up the burdock ditch and feeding water to influence the growth of burdock, a ridge with the width of 30-35 cm and the height of 20-23 cm is naturally formed after ditching, the ridge is compacted along two sides of the ridge after ditching, then the upper surface of the ridge is compacted to prevent the burdock from being deformed due to ditch collapse during rain, the compacted soil is gathered with the bottom width of 28-32 cm, and the upper opening width is 15-20; the height of the tuck is 20 cm;
(3) seed treatment: 3 days before sowing, drying the burdock seeds in the sun for 4 to 5 hours, soaking the burdock seeds in warm water at 25 ℃ for 48 hours, and sowing the burdock seeds when the burdock seeds are exposed;
(4) sowing: ditching and sowing are carried out simultaneously, sowing is carried out in the center line of the soil ridge formed in the step (2), the row spacing is 5cm, sowing is carried out at intervals of 1 seed and 2 seeds in each hole, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, soil covering and compaction are carried out, a layer of herbicide is sprayed on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the soil ridge, a mulching film is covered, an absorbable mulching film is selected for 30 days, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.08 silk, the width of the mulching film is consistent with the width of an upper opening of a soil closure, a passage opening is marked in the middle of the mulching film, so that the emergence of the burdock sprouts at the later stage is facilitated, a layer of thin soil is; the temperature is drought in spring, the surface layer of soil is easy to lose water, the mulching film is used for preserving water when burdocks are sowed, the high noon temperature of the mulching film is easy to cause rotten seeds, a port is formed in the middle of the mulching film after ridge laying so that burdocks can grow out from the opening, and a layer of soil is covered on the mulching film to mainly reduce the temperature of the soil below the mulching film;
(5) the burdock seedlings are well sowed in spring, the burdock seedlings can grow completely after being sowed for 10 to 15 days, three main leaves of the burdock grow out and thinning is started, and watering is not needed before the three-leaf period of the burdock;
(6) in the middle and late ten days of 4 months, selecting the afternoon of sunny days, drawing a fine ditch between two burdock ditches, applying fertilizer in the fine ditch, filling and compacting the ditch after application, and applying 35-40 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu;
(7) in the middle ten days of 6 months, 50 kg of phoxim is prepared into liquid medicine by using 100 mL of 50% phoxim per mu in the evening of sunny days, and the liquid medicine is mixed with 3-4 kg of fried wheat bran or crushed peanut cakes and is scattered into the field along ridges, so that cutworms can be effectively prevented and treated;
(8) in 7 months, sufficient rainwater is the peak period of burdock growth, except for conventional fertilizer and water management, weeds between two burdock ridges are removed in time, water accumulation between two ridges is prevented, the waist groove is smooth, and field management is the same as that of burdock cultivation in autumn
The effect is as follows: the yield per mu is 1200-1400 kg from the first ten days of 7 months to the last ten days of 7 months in the burdock harvesting period, the burdock fleshy root is milk white, the burdock defective rate is less than or equal to 9%, the product specification is 2L grade, 15-17%, L grade, 25-28%, M grade, 20-22%, 2M grade, 25-26% and S grade is 7-15%.
Example 4: a cultivation method of white-skin burdock comprises the following steps:
(1) 20 to 22 days in 2 months, and the pH value of the soil is 5.4; 600 g of borax sodium borate, 3 kg of selenium fertilizer, 35 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 35 kg of monopotassium phosphate and 0.2 kg of phoxim;
(2) paying off according to the line spacing of 85 cm, opening hooks according to the line, mechanically opening a waist ditch according to the terrain of 43 m, ditching with a burdock machine, wherein the diameter of a rotary head is 7-9 cm, the depth of the ditch is 90 cm, 80 kg of granular ammonium bicarbonate is applied to each mu, 1000-1200 kg of natural humus soil of Changbai mountain is added to each mu, and 25 kg of fine sandy soil is uniformly mixed with 500 mL of 1.8% Beinong Avermectin missible oil and is uniformly spread on the ground surface of a ditching line before hooking; the method is characterized in that the method cannot be crossed with a waist ditch during ditching, ditching must be stopped at a position 20-23 cm away from the waist ditch to avoid digging up the burdock ditch and feeding water to influence the growth of burdock, a ridge with the width of 30-35 cm and the height of 20-23 cm is naturally formed after ditching, the ridge is compacted along two sides of the ridge after ditching, then the upper surface of the ridge is compacted to prevent the burdock from being deformed due to ditch collapse during rain, the compacted soil is gathered with the bottom width of 28-32 cm, and the upper opening width is 15-20; the height of the tuck is 20 cm;
(3) seed treatment: 3 days before sowing, drying the burdock seeds in the sun for 4 to 5 hours, soaking the burdock seeds in warm water at 25 ℃ for 48 hours, and sowing the burdock seeds when the burdock seeds are exposed;
(4) sowing: ditching and sowing are carried out simultaneously, sowing is carried out in the center line of the soil ridge formed in the step (2), the row spacing is 5cm, sowing is carried out at intervals of 1 seed and 2 seeds in each hole, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, soil covering and compaction are carried out, a layer of herbicide is sprayed on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the soil ridge, a mulching film is covered, an absorbable mulching film is selected for 30 days, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.08 silk, the width of the mulching film is consistent with the width of an upper opening of a soil closure, a passage opening is marked in the middle of the mulching film, so that the emergence of the burdock sprouts at the later stage is facilitated, a layer of thin soil is; the temperature is drought in spring, the surface layer of soil is easy to lose water, the mulching film is used for preserving water when burdocks are sowed, the high noon temperature of the mulching film is easy to cause rotten seeds, a port is formed in the middle of the mulching film after ridge laying so that burdocks can grow out from the opening, and a layer of soil is covered on the mulching film to mainly reduce the temperature of the soil below the mulching film;
(5) the burdock seedlings are well sowed in spring, the burdock seedlings can grow completely after being sowed for 10 to 15 days, three main leaves of the burdock grow out and thinning is started, and watering is not needed before the three-leaf period of the burdock;
(6) in the middle and late ten days of 4 months, selecting the afternoon of sunny days, drawing a fine ditch between two burdock ditches, applying fertilizer in the fine ditch, filling and compacting the ditch after application, and applying 35-40 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu;
(7) in the middle ten days of 6 months, 50 kg of phoxim is prepared into liquid medicine by using 100 mL of 50% phoxim per mu in the evening of sunny days, and the liquid medicine is mixed with 3-4 kg of fried wheat bran or crushed peanut cakes and is scattered into the field along ridges, so that cutworms can be effectively prevented and treated;
(8) in 7 months, sufficient rainwater is the peak period of burdock growth, except for conventional fertilizer and water management, weeds between two burdock ridges are removed in time, water accumulation between two ridges is prevented, the waist groove is smooth, and field management is the same as that of burdock cultivation in autumn
The effect is as follows: the yield per mu is 1200-1400 kg from the first ten days of 7 months to the last ten days of 7 months in the burdock harvesting period, the burdock fleshy root is milk white, the burdock defective rate is less than or equal to 9%, the product specification is 2L grade, 15-17%, L grade, 25-28%, M grade, 20-22%, 2M grade, 25-26% and S grade is 7-15%.
Example 5: a cultivation method of white-skin burdock comprises the following steps:
(1) and when the pH value of the soil is 5.5 in 2 months and 22 to 24 days, the fertilizing amount per mu is as follows: 700 g of borax sodium borate, 2 kg of selenium fertilizer, 35 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 35 kg of monopotassium phosphate and 0.3 kg of phoxim;
(2) paying off according to the line spacing of 85 cm, opening hooks according to the line, mechanically opening a waist ditch according to the terrain of 43 m, ditching with a burdock machine, wherein the diameter of a rotary head is 7-9 cm, the depth of the ditch is 90 cm, 80 kg of granular ammonium bicarbonate is applied to each mu, 1000-1200 kg of natural humus soil of Changbai mountain is added to each mu, and 25 kg of fine sandy soil is uniformly mixed with 500 mL of 1.8% Beinong Avermectin missible oil and is uniformly spread on the ground surface of a ditching line before hooking; the method is characterized in that the method cannot be crossed with a waist ditch during ditching, ditching must be stopped at a position 20-23 cm away from the waist ditch to avoid digging up the burdock ditch and feeding water to influence the growth of burdock, a ridge with the width of 30-35 cm and the height of 20-23 cm is naturally formed after ditching, the ridge is compacted along two sides of the ridge after ditching, then the upper surface of the ridge is compacted to prevent the burdock from being deformed due to ditch collapse during rain, the compacted soil is gathered with the bottom width of 28-32 cm, and the upper opening width is 15-20; the height of the tuck is 20 cm; the soil nitrogen fertilizer is increased by applying the granular ammonium bicarbonate, meanwhile, the granular ammonium bicarbonate can continuously release ammonia in the soil, the ammonia has volatile smell and can effectively expel underground pests, 500 mL of 1.8% Beinong Avermectin missible oil is mixed with fine sand soil to kill the underground pests in the burdock ditch, 1000-1200 kg of Changbai mountain natural humus soil is added per mu to loosen the soil in the burdock ditch, the air permeability is good, the surface temperature of the soil can be effectively reduced at high temperature, and the color of the skin of the fleshy root of the burdock is milky;
(3) seed treatment: 3 days before sowing, drying the burdock seeds in the sun for 4 to 5 hours, soaking the burdock seeds in warm water at 25 ℃ for 48 hours, and sowing the burdock seeds when the burdock seeds are exposed;
(4) sowing: ditching and sowing are carried out simultaneously, sowing is carried out in the center line of the soil ridge formed in the step (2), the row spacing is 5cm, sowing is carried out at intervals of 1 seed and 2 seeds in each hole, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, soil covering and compaction are carried out, a layer of herbicide is sprayed on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the soil ridge, a mulching film is covered, an absorbable mulching film is selected for 30 days, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.08 silk, the width of the mulching film is consistent with the width of an upper opening of a soil closure, a passage opening is marked in the middle of the mulching film, so that the emergence of the burdock sprouts at the later stage is facilitated, a layer of thin soil is; the temperature is drought in spring, the surface layer of soil is easy to lose water, the mulching film is used for preserving water when burdocks are sowed, the high noon temperature of the mulching film is easy to cause rotten seeds, a port is formed in the middle of the mulching film after ridge laying so that burdocks can grow out from the opening, and a layer of soil is covered on the mulching film to mainly reduce the temperature of the soil below the mulching film;
(5) the burdock seedlings are well sowed in spring, the burdock seedlings can grow completely after being sowed for 10 to 15 days, three main leaves of the burdock grow out and thinning is started, and watering is not needed before the three-leaf period of the burdock;
(6) in the middle and late ten days of 4 months, selecting the afternoon of sunny days, drawing a fine ditch between two burdock ditches, applying fertilizer in the fine ditch, filling and compacting the ditch after application, and applying 35-40 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu;
(7) in the middle ten days of 6 months, 50 kg of phoxim is prepared into liquid medicine by using 100 mL of 50% phoxim per mu in the evening of sunny days, and the liquid medicine is mixed with 3-4 kg of fried wheat bran or crushed peanut cakes and is scattered into the field along ridges, so that cutworms can be effectively prevented and treated;
(8) in 7 months, sufficient rainwater is the peak period of burdock growth, except for conventional fertilizer and water management, weeds between two burdock ridges are removed in time, water accumulation between two ridges is prevented, the waist groove is smooth, and field management is the same as that of burdock cultivation in autumn
The effect is as follows: the yield per mu is 1200-1400 kg from the first ten days of 7 months to the last ten days of 7 months in the burdock harvesting period, the burdock fleshy root is milk white, the burdock defective rate is less than or equal to 9%, the product specification is 2L grade, 15-17%, L grade, 25-28%, M grade, 20-22%, 2M grade, 25-26% and S grade is 7-15%.
Example 6: (1) 2, 22 to 26 days in month and 2, wherein the skin of the burdock contains a pigment, and when the pH value of soil is more than 5.7, the fertilizing amount per mu is 800 g of sodium borate borax, 2 kg of selenium fertilizer, 25 to 45 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 60 to 80 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2 kg of phoxim; deeply turning for 30-35 cm, and sunning for 5-7 days; the potassium dihydrogen phosphate and the dipotassium hydrogen phosphate are added into the soil, so that on one hand, the phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can be increased, and more importantly, the pH value of the soil in the growing environment of the fleshy roots of the burdock can be adjusted to be controlled within the range of 5.2-5.7;
(2) paying off according to the line spacing of 85 cm, opening hooks according to the line, mechanically opening a waist ditch according to the terrain of 43 m, opening a ditch with a burdock machine, enabling the diameter of a rotary head to be 7-9 cm, enabling the depth of the ditch to be 90 cm, applying 80 kg of ammonium bicarbonate particles per mu, 1150 kg of natural humus soil of Changbai mountain per mu and uniformly spraying 25 kg of fine sandy soil mixed with 500 mL of 1.8% Beinong Avermectin missible oil on the ground surface of the opening ditch line before hooking; the method is characterized in that the method cannot be crossed with a waist ditch during ditching, ditching must be stopped at a position 20-23 cm away from the waist ditch to avoid digging up the burdock ditch and feeding water to influence the growth of burdock, a ridge with the width of 30-35 cm and the height of 20-23 cm is naturally formed after ditching, the ridge is compacted along two sides of the ridge after ditching, then the upper surface of the ridge is compacted to prevent the burdock from being deformed due to ditch collapse during rain, the compacted soil is gathered with the bottom width of 28-32 cm, and the upper opening width is 15-20; the height of the tuck is 20 cm; the soil nitrogen fertilizer is increased by applying the granular ammonium bicarbonate, meanwhile, the granular ammonium bicarbonate can continuously release ammonia in the soil, the ammonia has volatile smell and can effectively expel underground pests, 500 mL of 1.8% Beinong Avermectin missible oil is mixed with fine sand soil to kill the underground pests in the burdock ditch, 1150 kg of Changbai mountain natural humus soil is added per mu to loosen the soil in the burdock ditch, the air permeability is good, the surface temperature of the soil can be effectively reduced at high temperature, and the color of the fleshy root epidermis of the burdock is milky;
(3) seed treatment: 3 days before sowing, drying the burdock seeds in the sun for 4 to 5 hours, soaking the burdock seeds in warm water at 25 ℃ for 48 hours, and sowing the burdock seeds when the burdock seeds are exposed;
(4) sowing: ditching and sowing are carried out simultaneously, sowing is carried out in the center line of the soil ridge formed in the step (2), the row spacing is 5cm, sowing is carried out at intervals of 1 seed and 2 seeds in each hole, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, soil covering and compaction are carried out, a layer of herbicide is sprayed on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the soil ridge, a mulching film is covered, an absorbable mulching film is selected for 30 days, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.08 silk, the width of the mulching film is consistent with the width of an upper opening of a soil closure, a passage opening is marked in the middle of the mulching film, so that the emergence of the burdock sprouts at the later stage is facilitated, a layer of thin soil is; the temperature is drought in spring, the surface layer of soil is easy to lose water, the mulching film is used for preserving water when burdocks are sowed, the high noon temperature of the mulching film is easy to cause rotten seeds, a port is formed in the middle of the mulching film after ridge laying so that burdocks can grow out from the opening, and a layer of soil is covered on the mulching film to mainly reduce the temperature of the soil below the mulching film;
(5) the burdock seedlings are well sowed in spring, the burdock seedlings can grow completely after being sowed for 10 to 15 days, three main leaves of the burdock grow out and thinning is started, and watering is not needed before the three-leaf period of the burdock;
(6) in the middle and late ten days of 4 months, selecting the afternoon of sunny days, drawing a fine ditch between two burdock ditches, applying fertilizer in the fine ditch, filling and compacting the ditch after application, and applying 35-40 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu;
(7) in the middle ten days of 6 months, 50 kg of phoxim is prepared into liquid medicine by using 100 mL of 50% phoxim per mu in the evening of sunny days, and the liquid medicine is mixed with 3-4 kg of fried wheat bran or crushed peanut cakes and is scattered into the field along ridges, so that cutworms can be effectively prevented and treated;
(8) in 7 months, sufficient rainwater is the peak period of burdock growth, except for conventional fertilizer and water management, weeds between two burdock ridges are removed in time, water accumulation between two ridges is prevented, the waist groove is smooth, and field management is the same as that of burdock cultivation in autumn
The effect is as follows: the yield per mu is 1200-1400 kg from the first ten days of 7 months to the last ten days of 7 months in the burdock harvesting period, the burdock fleshy root is milk white, the burdock defective rate is less than or equal to 9%, the product specification is 2L grade, 15-17%, L grade, 25-28%, M grade, 20-22%, 2M grade, 25-26% and S grade is 7-15%.
Claims (1)
1. A cultivation method of white-skin burdock comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting field blocks with the soil pH value of 5.2 to 5.7 from the middle ten days of 2 months to the end ten days of 2 months, wherein after the previous crops are harvested, the fertilizing amount per mu when the soil pH value is less than 5.2 is as follows: 3 kg of selenium fertilizer, 35 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate and 0.2 kg of phoxim; when the pH value of the soil is 5.3, the fertilizing amount per mu is as follows: 0.8 to 0.9 kg of sodium borate borax, 3 kg of selenium fertilizer and 0.2 kg of phoxim; when the pH value of the soil is 5.4; 600 g of borax sodium borate, 3 kg of selenium fertilizer, 35 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 35 kg of monopotassium phosphate and 0.2 kg of phoxim; when the pH value of the soil is 5.5, the fertilizing amount per mu is as follows: 700 g of borax sodium borate, 2 kg of selenium fertilizer, 35 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 35 kg of monopotassium phosphate and 0.3 kg of phoxim; when the pH value of the soil is more than 5.7, the fertilizing amount per mu is 800 g of sodium borate borax, 2 kg of selenium fertilizer, 25 to 45 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 60 to 80 kg of monopotassium phosphate and 0.2 kg of phoxim; deeply turning for 30-35 cm, and sunning for 5-7 days;
(2) paying off according to the line spacing of 85 cm, opening hooks according to the line, mechanically opening a waist ditch according to the terrain of 43 m, ditching with a burdock machine, wherein the diameter of a rotary head is 7-9 cm, the depth of the ditch is 90 cm, 80 kg of granular ammonium bicarbonate is applied to each mu, 1000-1200 kg of natural humus soil of Changbai mountain is added to each mu, and 25 kg of fine sandy soil is uniformly mixed with 500 mL of 1.8% Beinong Avermectin missible oil and is uniformly spread on the ground surface of a ditching line before hooking; the method is characterized in that the method cannot be crossed with a waist ditch during ditching, ditching must be stopped at a position 20-23 cm away from the waist ditch to avoid digging up the burdock ditch and feeding water to influence the growth of burdock, a ridge with the width of 30-35 cm and the height of 20-23 cm is naturally formed after ditching, the ridge is compacted along two sides of the ridge after ditching, then the upper surface of the ridge is compacted to prevent the burdock from being deformed due to ditch collapse during rain, the compacted soil is gathered with the bottom width of 28-32 cm, and the upper opening width is 15-20; the height of the tuck is 20 cm;
(3) seed treatment: 3 days before sowing, drying the burdock seeds in the sun for 4 to 5 hours, and soaking the burdock seeds in warm water at the temperature of 25 ℃ for 48 hours;
(4) sowing: ditching and sowing are carried out simultaneously, sowing is carried out in the center line of the soil ridge formed in the step (2), the row spacing is 5cm, sowing is carried out at intervals of 1 seed and 2 seeds in each hole, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, soil covering and compaction are carried out, a layer of herbicide is sprayed on the upper surface and two side surfaces of the soil ridge, a mulching film is covered, an absorbable mulching film is selected for 30 days, the thickness of the mulching film is 0.08 silk, the width of the mulching film is consistent with the width of an upper opening of a soil closure, a passage opening is marked in the middle of the mulching film, so that the emergence of the burdock sprouts at the later stage is facilitated, a layer of thin soil is;
(5) the burdock seedlings are well sowed in spring, the burdock seedlings can grow completely after being sowed for 10 to 15 days, three main leaves of the burdock grow out and thinning is started, and watering is not needed before the three-leaf period of the burdock;
(6) in the middle and late ten days of 4 months, selecting the afternoon of sunny days, drawing a fine ditch between two burdock ditches, applying fertilizer in the fine ditch, filling and compacting the ditch after application, and applying 35-40 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu;
(7) in the middle ten days of 6 months, 50 kg of phoxim is prepared into liquid medicine by using 100 mL of 50% phoxim per mu in the evening of sunny days, and the liquid medicine is mixed with 3-4 kg of fried wheat bran or crushed peanut cakes and is scattered into the field along ridges, so that cutworms can be effectively prevented and treated;
(8) in 7 months, sufficient rainwater is the peak period of burdock growth, weeds between two burdock ridges are removed in time except for conventional fertilizer and water management, water accumulation between two ridges is prevented, a waist ditch is smooth, and field management is the same as that of burdock cultivation in autumn.
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