CN112457501A - 一种电致可逆的皮肤粘附性水凝胶及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种电致可逆的皮肤粘附性水凝胶及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN112457501A
CN112457501A CN202011253258.4A CN202011253258A CN112457501A CN 112457501 A CN112457501 A CN 112457501A CN 202011253258 A CN202011253258 A CN 202011253258A CN 112457501 A CN112457501 A CN 112457501A
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hydrogel
skin
pva
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boric acid
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袁丛辉
杨羽歆
戴李宗
黄俊文
柳君
梁芷暄
高志
陈国荣
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Xiamen University
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Abstract

本发明介绍了一种电致可逆的皮肤粘附性水凝胶及其制备方法和应用。以聚乙烯醇、含双邻苯二酚基团化合物、硼酸、氢氧化钾为原料制备出一种在电刺激下可以可逆粘附皮肤的水凝胶。该水凝胶的基本骨架为聚乙烯醇网络,其中动态硼酯键在水凝胶内部形成交联点,可逆粘附皮肤是由于其内部的邻苯二酚基团随着正反通电在水凝胶表面的暴露和隐藏。该水凝胶不仅具有良好的机械性能和自修复性能,而且可以实现正向通电粘附以及反向通电脱粘附的可逆粘附,在生物医学等领域具有广泛的应用潜力。

Description

一种电致可逆的皮肤粘附性水凝胶及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于功能聚合物领域,具体涉及水凝胶。
背景技术
水凝胶是一种由亲水性的高分子或聚合物形成的亲水性交联软材料。传统的水凝胶力学性能较差,易于破裂,而且不具有组织粘附性。近年来,已有自修复水凝胶和具有良好粘附性的水凝胶的报道,使得水凝胶作为修复皮肤、软骨的材料或作为传感器、固态电解质等材料已经引起人们的广泛关注。然而,实现水凝胶本身对于皮肤的可逆粘附和脱粘附还是一个很大的问题,如果不能实现对皮肤的可逆粘附,在使用过程中不可避免的会拉扯和损伤皮肤,这限制了其在皮肤水凝胶传感器、水凝胶创可贴等方面的应用。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一种电致可逆的皮肤粘附性水凝胶及其制备方法和应用。在本发明中,动态硼酸酯键被引入水凝胶以改善水凝胶的机械性能,获得具有自修复性能的水凝胶;水凝胶内部还引入硼酸保护的邻苯二酚基团,具有正向通电(水凝胶表面作为阳极,pH降低)可粘附皮肤,反向通电(水凝胶表面作为阴极,pH升高)可脱粘的可逆粘附性。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案之一是:
本发明所述的一种电致可逆的皮肤粘附性水凝胶(P-C水凝胶)的制备方法包括:
(1)将一定量的PVA溶于超纯水中,在80℃~100℃下搅拌1h~5h,得到不同质量分数的PVA溶液;
(2)将一定量的含双邻苯二酚基团化合物、氢氧化钾、及硼酸溶于水中,在50~90℃下搅拌1h~3h,得到交联剂溶液;
(3)将(2)所得交联剂溶液与(1)所得PVA溶液混合,冷却至室温后得到P-C水凝胶。
其中,所述PVA的用量占水凝胶总重的10wt%~20wt%;含双邻苯二酚基团化合物用量占水凝胶总重的1.0wt%~2.5wt%;所述硼酸的用量占水凝胶总重的0.4wt%~0.7wt%;所述氢氧化钾的用量占水凝胶总重的0.4wt%~0.6wt%。
优选地,所述PVA在水凝胶中的含量为11~16wt%时,水凝胶的力学性能最佳。
进一步地,所述PVA的平均分子量为70000~80000。
进一步地,所述含双邻苯二酚基团化合物包括鞣花酸,单宁酸,6,6',7,7'-四羟基-4,4,4',4'-四甲基-2,2'-螺双苯并二氢吡喃,绿原酸或芸香苷水合物中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述PVA溶液中,所述PVA与水的配方比例为2g~6g:14mL~18mL。
进一步地,所述交联剂溶液中,所述含双邻苯二酚基团化合物、氢氧化钾、硼酸与水的配方比例为0.3g~0.65g:0.1g~0.15g:0.15g~0.16g:4mL~6mL。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案之二是:
一种根据上述的制备方法所制备的电致可逆的皮肤粘附性水凝胶。
所述水凝胶的可逆粘附性具体表现为:未通电时,水凝胶无法粘附皮肤;正向通电后,水凝胶可粘附皮肤;反向通电后,水凝胶无法粘附皮肤。
所述正向通电时,水凝胶表面与电源正极相连,作为阳极。
所述反向通电时,水凝胶表面与电源负极相连,作为阴极。
优选地,所述正向通电时间为8~12s时,粘附强度最佳。
其中,通电的电压为3V时即可控制粘附和脱粘附,处于安全范围内,不会对使用者造成伤害。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案之三是:
一种电致可逆的皮肤粘附性水凝胶的应用。
所述应用包括组织修复,皮肤水凝胶传感器、水凝胶创可贴等。例如,所述组织修复包括皮肤修复特别是创伤修复、软骨修复等。所述皮肤水凝胶传感器可以用于人体生理信号的检测与传输等。所述水凝胶创可贴也可用于皮肤创伤的保护和修复。
本发明的电致可逆的皮肤粘附性水凝胶(P-C水凝胶)是由聚乙烯醇(PVA)、含双邻苯二酚基团化合物、硼酸(H3BO3)、氢氧化钾(KOH)等制备而成。其中,含双邻苯二酚基团化合物、硼酸(H3BO3)、氢氧化钾(KOH)和水反应得到含硼酸基团的大分子交联剂。这种交联剂是由含双邻苯二酚基团化合物通过硼酸酯键连接的齐聚物,分子末端含能够与聚乙烯醇(PVA)邻羟基反应的硼酸基团(见图1)。利用该交联剂将PVA交联,最终得到硼酸酯交联的水凝胶。
本发明的水凝胶的基本骨架为聚乙烯醇网络,其中动态硼酯键在水凝胶内部形成交联点,自修复性是由于可逆动态硼酯键,粘附性是由于引入其中的邻苯二酚基团在正反向通电时在水凝胶表面的显现和隐藏。
本发明的水凝胶实现可逆粘附的机制推测可能是:由于水凝胶中含有大量的水,通过原位电解水凝胶的方式可控制水凝胶阴阳极的pH,从而控制邻苯二酚基团的暴露和显现,进而控制水凝胶的粘附性。具体地,正向通电时水凝胶表面作为阳极,pH降低,邻苯二酚与苯硼酸的结合大大减弱,邻苯二酚暴露发挥粘附性,使得水凝胶粘附力上升,因而可粘附皮肤;反向通电时水凝胶表面作为阴极,pH升高,苯硼酸与邻苯二酚反应形成硼酸酯键,邻苯二酚被屏蔽,使得水凝胶粘附力急剧下降,因而可从皮肤脱粘附。
本发明创造性地通过通电的方式来控制粘附/脱粘附,方式新颖,使用方便,易于使用。
本发明所涉及的设备、试剂、工艺、参数等,除有特别说明外,均为常规设备、试剂、工艺、参数等,不再作实施例。
本发明所列举的所有范围包括该范围内的所有点值。
本发明中,所述“室温”即常规环境温度,可以为10~30℃。
本技术方案与背景技术相比,它具有如下优点:
1、本发明将动态可逆化学键硼酸酯键引入聚乙烯醇网络中,以获得具有自修复性能的水凝胶,可以自动修复水凝胶在外力作用下发生的破裂,并改善水凝胶的机械性能,延长水凝胶的使用寿命。
2、本发明还将邻苯二酚基团引入水凝胶中,具有邻苯二酚基团的水凝胶有良好的粘附性;同时,本发明的水凝胶中,邻苯二酚基团在硼酸的保护下,通电过程中邻苯二酚基团在水凝胶表面显现和隐藏,使水凝胶获得电致可逆粘附性。这样,水凝胶可以在正向通电时紧紧粘附在皮肤上,并可以根据需要反向通电使得水凝胶脱粘附,不会拉扯伤害皮肤。
3、本发明的P-C水凝胶是通过含硼酸基团的大分子交联剂交联聚乙烯醇高分子得到的,硼酸酯键在室温下就可形成,因此实验条件非常温和,易于放大和推广。
附图说明
图1为实施例1、实施例2、实施例3、实施例4的P-C水凝胶的合成路线图。
图2为实施例2的P-C水凝胶的红外光谱图。
图3为实施例1、实施例2、实施例3的P-C水凝胶的应力-应变曲线对比图,说明制备的P-C水凝胶具有良好的机械性能。
图4为实施例2的P-C水凝胶在不同愈合时间下的应力-应变曲线对比图,说明制备的P-C水凝胶自修复前后的力学性能基本相同。
图5为实施例2的P-C水凝胶在不同愈合时间下的愈合效率对比图,说明制备的P-C水凝胶具有优异的自修复性能。
图6为实施例2的P-C水凝胶粘附皮肤的展示,未通电时,水凝胶无法粘附皮肤;正向通电后,水凝胶粘附皮肤;反向通电后,水凝胶脱黏皮肤。
图7为实施例2的P-C水凝胶在通电不同时间下的粘附强度对比图,15s之后粘附性能反而下降,可能是通电时间过长导致已经暴露的邻苯二酚基团氧化交联,从而粘性降低。所以制备的水凝胶的粘性和通电时间有关。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细的描述。
实施例1
(1)将3g PVA溶于17mL超纯水中,在95℃下搅拌2h,得到15wt%PVA溶液。
(2)将0.3g鞣花酸、0.154g硼酸、0.14g氢氧化钾溶于5mL水中,在60℃下搅拌2小时,得到交联剂溶液。
(3)将(2)所得交联剂溶液与(1)所得PVA溶液混合,冷却至室温后得到P-C水凝胶。
实施例2
(1)将4g PVA溶于16mL超纯水中,在95℃下搅拌2h,得到20wt%PVA溶液。
(2)将0.3g鞣花酸、0.154g硼酸、0.14g氢氧化钾溶于5mL水中,在60℃下搅拌2小时,得到交联剂溶液。
(3)将(2)所得交联剂溶液与(1)所得PVA溶液混合,冷却至室温后得到P-C水凝胶。
实施例3
(1)将5g PVA溶于15mL超纯水中,在95℃下搅拌2h,得到25wt%PVA溶液。
(2)将0.3g鞣花酸、0.154g硼酸、0.14g氢氧化钾溶于5mL水中,在60℃下搅拌两小时,得到交联剂溶液。
(3)将(2)所得交联剂溶液与(1)所得PVA溶液混合,冷却至室温后得到P-C水凝胶。
实施例4
(1)将4g PVA溶于16mL超纯水中,在95℃下搅拌2h,得到20wt%PVA溶液。
(2)将0.3g鞣花酸、0.124g硼酸、0.112g氢氧化钾溶于5mL水中,在60℃下搅拌两小时,得到交联剂溶液。
(3)将(2)所得交联剂溶液与(1)所得PVA溶液混合,冷却至室温后得到P-C水凝胶。
实施例5
(1)将3g PVA溶于17mL超纯水中,在95℃下搅拌2h,得到15wt%PVA溶液。
(2)将0.34g单宁酸、0.154g硼酸、0.14g氢氧化钾溶于5mL水中,在60℃下搅拌2小时,得到交联剂溶液。
(3)将(2)所得交联剂溶液与(1)所得PVA溶液混合,冷却至室温后得到P-C水凝胶。
实施例6
(1)将4g PVA溶于16mL超纯水中,在95℃下搅拌2h,得到20wt%PVA溶液。
(2)将0.34g单宁酸、0.154g硼酸、0.14g氢氧化钾溶于5mL水中,在60℃下搅拌2小时,得到交联剂溶液。
(3)将(2)所得交联剂溶液与(1)所得PVA溶液混合,冷却至室温后得到P-C水凝胶。
实施例7
(1)将5g PVA溶于15mL超纯水中,在95℃下搅拌2h,得到25wt%PVA溶液。
(2)将0.34g单宁酸、0.154g硼酸、0.14g氢氧化钾溶于5mL水中,在60℃下搅拌2小时,得到交联剂溶液。
(3)将(2)所得交联剂溶液与(1)所得PVA溶液混合,冷却至室温后得到P-C水凝胶。
实施例8
(1)将3g PVA溶于17mL超纯水中,在95℃下搅拌2h,得到15wt%PVA溶液。
(2)将0.37g 6,6',7,7'-四羟基-4,4,4',4'-四甲基-2,2'-螺双苯并二氢吡喃、0.154g硼酸、0.14g氢氧化钾溶于5mL水中,在60℃下搅拌2小时,得到交联剂溶液。
(3)将(2)所得交联剂溶液与(1)所得PVA溶液混合,冷却至室温后得到P-C水凝胶。
表1实施例中各组分用量
Figure BDA0002772298290000071
本发明发现,PVA百分含量的不同会影响水凝胶的力学性能,PVA含量的适当提高可以增强水凝胶的力学性能,但是再进一步提高反而会降低水凝胶的力学性能。这可能是由于PVA与硼酸基团生成的硼酸酯键形成的交联点的分布差异导致的。PVA含量适当上升时,硼酸酯键形成的交联点含量上升,使得PVA力学性能提高,但是过多的PVA使得硼酸酯键相对含量下降,分布更为稀疏,故而力学性能下降。由图3中实施例1、2和3的对比可知,当PVA在水凝胶中的含量为11~16wt%时,水凝胶的力学性能最佳。
本发明还发现,水凝胶的粘性和通电时间有关。由图7中实施例2的P-C水凝胶在通电不同时间下的粘附强度对比可知,15s之后粘附性能反而下降,可能是通电时间过长导致已经暴露的邻苯二酚基团氧化交联,从而粘性降低。当正向通电时间为8~12s时,粘附强度最佳。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳实施例而已,故不能依此限定本发明实施的范围,即依本发明专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰,皆应仍属本发明涵盖的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种电致可逆的皮肤粘附性水凝胶的制备方法,其特征在于:包括:
1)将PVA溶于水中,在80℃~100℃下搅拌1h~5h,得到PVA溶液;
2)将含双邻苯二酚基团化合物、氢氧化钾及硼酸溶于水中,在50℃~90℃下搅拌1h~3h,得到交联剂溶液;
3)将步骤2)所得交联剂溶液与步骤1)所得PVA溶液混合,冷却至室温后得到水凝胶;
其中,所述PVA的用量占水凝胶总重的10wt%~20wt%;所述含双邻苯二酚基团化合物的用量占水凝胶总重的1.0wt%~2.5wt%;所述硼酸的用量占水凝胶总重的0.4wt%~0.7wt%;所述氢氧化钾的用量占水凝胶总重的0.4wt%~0.6wt%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述PVA在水凝胶中的含量为11~16wt%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述PVA的平均分子量为70000~80000。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述含双邻苯二酚基团化合物包括鞣花酸,单宁酸,6,6',7,7'-四羟基-4,4,4',4'-四甲基-2,2'-螺双苯并二氢吡喃,绿原酸或芸香苷水合物中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述PVA溶液中,所述PVA与水的配方比例为2g~6g:14mL~18mL。
6.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述交联剂溶液中,所述含双邻苯二酚基团化合物、氢氧化钾、硼酸与水的配方比例为0.3g~0.65g:0.1g~0.15g:0.15g~0.16g:4mL~6mL。
7.一种根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的制备方法所制备的电致可逆的皮肤粘附性水凝胶。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电致可逆的皮肤粘附性水凝胶,其特征在于:未通电时,水凝胶无法粘附皮肤;正向通电后,水凝胶可粘附皮肤;反向通电后,水凝胶无法粘附皮肤。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电致可逆的皮肤粘附性水凝胶,其特征在于:所述正向通电时间为8~12s。
10.一种权利要求5所述的电致可逆的皮肤粘附性水凝胶的应用。
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