CN112457359A - 一种用人参果制备转化人参皂苷的方法及其制剂 - Google Patents
一种用人参果制备转化人参皂苷的方法及其制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112457359A CN112457359A CN202010309931.5A CN202010309931A CN112457359A CN 112457359 A CN112457359 A CN 112457359A CN 202010309931 A CN202010309931 A CN 202010309931A CN 112457359 A CN112457359 A CN 112457359A
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- ginsenoside
- ginseng fruit
- ginseng
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- bacillus subtilis
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Abstract
本发明提出了一种用人参果制备转化人参皂苷的方法,其步骤包括:将人参果原材料粉碎研细,加入枯草芽孢杆菌培养液,培养48~72小时,再经蒸制热解、提取、纯化得到转化人参皂苷。本发明人参果将通过枯草芽孢杆菌发酵结合蒸制热处理后得到转化人参皂苷,得到其中含有与发酵前的人参果和人参相比含量少的或没有的稀有人参皂苷,这种人参皂苷生物活性强,容易直接吸收,可以开发相应药品,具有极好的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物发酵技术领域,具体涉及一种用人参果制备转化人参皂苷的方法及其制剂。
背景技术
人参果为五加科植物人参Panax ginseng C.A.Meyer的成熟果实。近年来,随着对人参根日趋完善的研究和应用,对人参地上部分(茎、叶、花蕾、果实)的研究也引起了广大学者的兴趣。人参果作为人参地上部位的一部分,其主要有效成分为人参皂苷,包括人参皂苷F2、人参皂苷Re、三七皂苷R2、人参皂苷F5、人参皂苷F3、20(S)-人参皂苷Rg2、人参皂苷Rc、人参皂苷F1、人参皂苷Rb2、人参皂苷Rb1、人参皂苷Rh6、人参皂苷Rh4、人参皂苷Rh5、人参皂苷Rd等,按干品计算,其人参皂苷的含量约为根部的4倍,人参皂苷Re的含量是人参根的30倍。人参皂苷Rb1和Rg1在天然植物中含量较高,而Rg1、Rg2、Rg3、Rh1、Rh2、compand K等含量甚微。许多药理研究表明,稀有人参皂苷(如Rh1、Rh2、Rg3、Rb3等)药效更为珍贵,在某些难治性疾病如肿瘤和心血管疾病治疗方面显示独特的疗效。人参果具有抗休克、保护心肌、抗心脑血管疾病、抗糖尿病、抗肿瘤、延缓衰老、增强免疫力、抗氧化、提高记忆力等广泛的药理作用。基于人参果总皂苷较好的药理作用,目前已被开发成相关药品涉及血管疾病、癌症及糖尿病等领域如人参果皂苷注射液、振源口服液、振源胶囊等剂型主要为胶囊、注射剂、口服液等,质控指标主要为人参总皂苷。
含人参果的食品主要体现在抗疲劳、提高免疫力及延缓衰老等保健领域,人参果可加工成果脯、果粉、果茶、保健酒、果冻、口服液、白兰地酒和果汁等产品。其中人参果汁饮料,早在二十年前就有学者认为是一种弥补国内空白的高档保健饮料,市场潜力巨大。目前人参果已有开发成果汁饮料的报道,如发酵人参果汁、人参果汁保健饮料、人参果茶等。从很久以前人们就开始研究人参发酵酒、人参发酵饮料和果汁,如:乳酸发酵人参,枸杞人参发酵酒等并也取得了很好效果。
人们服用人参果及其制剂后,人参皂苷类在体内完成分解、吸收、分布等代谢全过程而发挥功效。人参皂苷几乎不被人体所吸收,口服的人参皂苷不被胃液及肝脏酶分解。因此,利用微生物转化法对人参皂苷进行生物转化制备代谢产物稀有人参皂苷,如人参皂苷在体内菌群的作用下可代谢为具有抗变态反应活性的compand K。现在对人参的研究主要部位是人参根茎,发酵菌种大多数是以真菌为发酵菌株,部分研究选用肠道正常菌群,也有以大型药食兼用真菌做发酵菌株。发酵因条件、发酵微生物和人参不同,产物成分也会有所不同。从现在研究人参发酵结果看,大多数是将稀有人参皂苷含量提高,部分转化为其他人参皂苷,也有部分是发酵后产生了抑菌物质,导致发酵液药理活性发生改变等。比如,将转化成人参皂苷,人参皂苷Rc转化成人参皂苷Rd,人参皂苷Rg3转化成人参皂苷Rh2,和人参皂苷Rb1转化成人参皂苷F2等。
人参皂苷Rg1具有促进海马神经发生、提高神经可塑性、增强学习、记忆力、抗衰老、抗疲劳、提高免疫力、辅助抗肿瘤、修复性功能等作用,在高端保健、辅助抗肿瘤、防治老年痴呆等神经退行性疾病方面具有广阔的应用前景。
人参皂苷Rg2对急性心源性休克有保护作用,具有抗休克、抗心衰、抗凝血、抗血栓作用。主要表现在强壮心肌,增强心肌收缩力,减慢心率,扩张血管,增加心输出量和提高冠脉流量,能快速改善心肌缺血和缺氧,具有明显的增强心功能作用。
人参皂苷Rh1与其他皂苷相比在原植物中含量甚微,多为人参皂苷Rg1和Re多为经生物转化制得。
枯草芽孢属的重要特点是能够分泌各种胞外酶,包括蛋白酶、淀粉酶、谷氨酸转肽酶(GTP)、脂肪酶、果聚糖蔗糖酶和植酸酶,纳豆菌分泌的酶比其他枯草芽孢杆菌分泌同样活性的酶高几十倍。从作用机制,枯草芽孢杆菌可以对蛋白质、糖类及由糖和苷元结合形成的苷类物质可以进行生物转化产生小分子代谢物质。从发酵结果中看出人参果经过枯草芽孢杆菌发酵后成分有了很大的转化,不仅产生了新的物质而且稀有人参皂苷的含量大大增加了,这本身就大大提高了人参果的应用价值和药理活性。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于人参果将通过枯草芽孢杆菌发酵结合蒸制热处理后得到转化人参皂苷,得到其中含有与原人参果相比含量少的或没有的稀有人参皂苷,其特征是生物活性强,容易吸收直接开发相应药品,同时,人参果通过枯草芽孢杆菌发酵后比较发酵前的人参果相比显著提高特征性稀有人参皂苷含量。
本发明的技术方案是这样实现的:
本发明提供一种用人参果制备转化人参皂苷的方法,其步骤包括:将人参果原材料粉碎研细,加入枯草芽孢杆菌培养液,培养48~72小时,再经蒸制热解、提取、纯化得到转化人参皂苷。
作为本发明的进一步改进,具体步骤包括:
S1.将人参果原材料干燥、粉碎、用水湿润,喷入枯草芽孢杆菌菌液,培养一定时间,得到生物转化发酵人参果皂苷;优选地,培养时间为48~72小时,得到人参果发酵产物;
S2.将人参果发酵产物经第一次干燥,放入灭菌锅中蒸制化,然后拿出放入鼓风干燥箱中干燥,再按上述操作往复循环3~8次得到蒸制热解人参果产物;
S3.将蒸制热解人参果产物加入预定的溶剂,过滤,得到人参皂苷转化浓缩物,用吸附剂精制和纯化,得到转化人参皂苷。
进一步地,所述预定的溶剂选自水、乙醇、甲醇、超临界液体或它们的混合液。
进一步地,所述吸附剂为大孔吸附树脂、离子交换树脂中的任一种。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述人参果原材料选自鲜人参果、干人参果以及人参果加工物中的任一种,所述人参果加工物包括但不限于人参果提取物、人参果粉末。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述第一次干燥过程为将人参果发酵产物用冷水浸泡,洗涕粘性物质,在50~80℃干燥12~18小时得干燥物;所述干燥物放入灭菌锅经蒸制过程2~4小时后,拿出放入鼓风干燥箱中干燥6~10小时,再按上述操作往复循环3~8次。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述枯草芽孢杆菌是从纳豆中筛选的枯草芽孢杆菌。
进一步地,枯草芽孢杆菌为可以将人参皂苷成分代谢生成生物转化的任一枯草牙孢杆菌。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述枯草芽孢杆菌选自Bacillus subtils IFO 3007、Bacillus natto Sawamura 06、Bacillus vatto Sawamura IFO 3339菌种中的一种或几种。
本发明进一步保护一种上述方法制得的转化人参皂苷。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述转化人参皂苷含有至少一种下述成分:人参皂苷Rg1,Rg2,Rg3,Rh1,Rh2和人参皂苷G-F1和F2。
本发明进一步保护一种含有上述转化人参皂苷的制剂。
作为本发明的进一步改进,所述制剂包括口服饮料制剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂。
本发明具有如下有益效果:本发明采用人参果为原料,人参果中含有与人参根茎相比30倍的人参皂苷Re通过生物转化可以生成活性强的人参皂苷Rg1,Rg2,Rh1,其中人参皂苷Rg1,Rg2,Rh1和人参皂苷G-F1含量比例比发酵前相比分别大于2~20倍以上,相比人参,人参果,本发明人参果转化物增加了人参皂苷Rg2、Rg3、Rg6及Rh1成分。
本发明中的热处理是参照制备红参和黑参的制备技术发明人提出的,能够促进酶解过程中较难且对热不稳定的苷键进行水解的生物转化过程,得到更进一步的转化稀有人参次生皂苷。
本发明人参果将通过枯草芽孢杆菌发酵结合蒸制热处理后得到转化人参皂苷,得到其中含有与发酵前的人参果和人参相比含量少的或没有的稀有人参皂苷,这种人参皂苷生物活性强,容易直接吸收,可以开发相应药品,具有极好的应用价值。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为用枯草芽孢杆菌发酵的转化人参皂苷中人参皂苷二醇型的分子结构示意图,其中人参皂苷Rg3的R1=-glu2-glu,R2=OH,R3=CH3;人参皂苷Rh2的R1=-glu,R2=OH,R3=CH3;
图2为用枯草芽孢杆菌发酵的转化人参皂苷中人参皂苷三醇型的分子结构示意图,其中人参皂苷G-F1的R1=H,R2=-glu,R3=CH3;人参皂苷Rh1的R1=glu,R2=OH,R3=CH3;人参皂苷Rg2的R1=glu2-rha,R2=OH,R3=CH3;
图3为用枯草芽孢杆菌发酵的转化人参皂苷中部分人参皂苷的分子结构示意图,其中,其中人参皂苷Rk3的R1=H,R2=O-glu,人参皂苷Rk2的R1=O-glu,R2=H;
图4为用枯草芽孢杆菌发酵的转化人参皂苷中部分人参皂苷的分子结构示意图,其中,其中人参皂苷Rh4的R1=H,R2=O-glu,人参皂苷Rh3的R1=glu,R2=H;
图5为用枯草杆菌发酵前人参果和发酵后人参果的TLC比较,a:人参果(用枯草杆菌发酵前人参);b:经过枯草芽孢杆菌发酵后的发酵人参果。
具体实施方式
下面将对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
1、生物转化过程
人参果原材料,经过干燥、粉碎、用水湿润,喷入枯草芽孢杆菌菌液,培养一定时间以上,优先48-72小时,得到人参果发酵产物。
本发明的人参果原材料选自鲜人参果、干人参果以及人参果加工物中的任一种,所述人参果加工物包括但不限于人参果提取物、人参果粉末。
枯草芽孢杆菌为可以将人参皂苷成分代谢生成生物转化的任一枯草牙孢杆菌,为从纳豆中筛选的枯草芽孢杆菌,优先使用Bacillus subtils IFO 3007、Bacillus nattoSawamura 06、Bacillus vatto Sawamura IFO 3339。
枯草芽孢杆菌菌液的制备方法:取一份枯草芽孢杆菌培养物,与灭菌注射用水混合,去除菌苔,吸出悬液均摊涂抹在营养琼脂培养基,在35-37℃环境培养7天,取出后经染色确认枯草芽孢杆菌的芽孢含量超过85%,加入灭菌注射用水并收集起来,逐渐升温杀死菌体内后,孢子液制备完成,放入冰箱内备用。
2、热转化过程
将人参果发酵产物经第一次干燥,放入灭菌锅中蒸制化,然后拿出放入鼓风干燥箱中干燥,再按上述操作往复循环3~8次得到蒸制热解人参果产物。
其中,第一次干燥过程为将人参果发酵产物用冷水浸泡,洗涕粘性物质,在50~80℃干燥12~18小时得干燥物;所述干燥物放入灭菌锅经蒸制过程2~4小时后,拿出放入鼓风干燥箱中干燥6~10小时,再按上述操作往复循环3~8次。
4、提取过程
提取过程是人参果转化物中加入预定的溶剂,得到人参皂苷转化浓缩物的过程。
上述溶剂完成将生物转化人参果浓缩物中含有的在效成分提取的任务,作为上述溶剂,可以使用水、乙醇、甲醇等低级醇、超临界液体或它们的混合液。
5、纯化过程
用上述溶剂提取的提取物,用一定的吸附剂精制和纯化转化人参皂苷的过程。吸附剂可以是大孔吸附树脂、离子交换树脂中的任一种。
6、制备过程
用上述过程得到的提取物或通过吸附剂得到的转化人参总皂苷制备口服饮料制剂、颗粒剂及胶囊剂。
实施例1
将黒参(韩国产)100g粉碎过40~80目筛,喷入20mL由上述方法制备的枯草芽孢杆菌菌液,培养48小时,得到人参果发酵产物,将人参果发酵产物用冷水浸泡,洗涕粘性物质,在50℃干燥12小时得干燥物,继续将干燥物,蒸制、干燥循环5次,用300mL 75%乙醇提取三次,过滤,滤液减压浓缩至相对密度为1:1,得到乙醇提取物,乙醇提取物通过D101大孔吸附树脂,用75%乙醇洗脱得转化人参皂苷,得率5.8%。
实施例2
将黒参(自制)100g细切,捣碎并灭菌,喷入20mL由上述方法制备的枯草芽孢杆菌菌液,培养72小时,得到人参果发酵产物,将人参果发酵产物用冷水浸泡,洗涕粘性物质,在80℃干燥18小时得干燥物,继续将干燥物,蒸制、干燥循环5次,用300mL 75%乙醇提取,过滤,滤液减压浓缩至相对密度为1:1,得到乙醇提取物,乙醇提取物通过D101大孔吸附树脂,用75%乙醇洗脱得转化人参果皂苷,得率6.1%。
实施例3
将100g人参果粉碎过40~80目筛,喷入20mL由上述方法制备的枯草芽孢杆菌菌液,培养48小时,得到人参果发酵产物,将人参果发酵产物用冷水浸泡,洗涕粘性物质,在50℃干燥12小时得干燥物,继续将干燥物,蒸制、干燥循环5次,用300mL 75%乙醇提取,过滤,滤液减压浓缩至相对密度为1:1,得到乙醇提取物,乙醇提取物通过D101大孔吸附树脂,用75%乙醇洗脱得转化人参皂苷。
自制黒参按传统制备法人参经蒸煮八次得到。
实施例3
向5g果糖、15g葡萄糖中加入50mL蒸馏水,加热至95℃,缓缓冷却至70℃,其溶液中加入2g柠檬酸、2g柠檬酸钠和3g苯甲酸钠搅拌溶解。在此溶液中加入50mg人参果发酵产物,强烈搅拌使之溶解,待冷却后加蒸馏水至100ml,制备含有50mg人参果发酵产物的100ml饮料组合物。
实施例4
向7g糖粉、10g糊精的混合物中加入3g人参果发酵产物,用10mL 70%乙醇制成软材,挤压过12目筛,制成湿颗粒,干燥、整粒,制备含有3g人参果发酵产物的20g颗粒剂。
实施例5
乳糖100g,低取代羟丙基纤维素50g,交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮50g,微晶纤维素75g,硬脂酸镁5g,实施例1制备的转化人参皂苷3.5g,混合均匀,压片,即得口崩片,每片4.0g,每片含有转化人参皂苷50mg。
实施例6
乳糖175g,甘露醇75g,交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮25g,硬脂酸镁5g,转化人参果提取物5.0g,混合均匀,加入140mL 95%的乙醇作润湿剂制软材,24目筛制粒,湿颗粒于60℃条件下进行干燥。用24目筛整粒,加入50g硬脂酸镁混匀,用压片,即得分散片,每片4.0g,每片含有转化人参皂苷50mg。
实施例7
取聚乙二醇-400212g,丙三醇11g,聚乙二醇-60017g,混合均匀,制得软胶囊基质,该基质中加入3.0g转化人参皂苷制备软胶囊。每粒胶囊中含有转化人参皂苷50mg。
测试例1
将本发明实施例1,2中黑参、人参果发酵产物、人参果蒸制后产物中各种人参皂苷的含量进行测试,结果为每100g中人参皂苷的含量,结果见表1。
表1
由上表可以看出:
1、黑参(自制)中Rg1,Re,Rb1含量较高,含有稀有皂苷Rh1,Rg6,Rg3,韩国干黑参含有稀有皂苷Rh1,Rg6,Rg3。
2、人参果发酵产物中稀有人参皂苷如人参皂苷Rg2,Rh1,Rg6和Rg3成分増多。
3、发酵人参果蒸制后产物中稀有皂苷含量増多,人参皂苷Rg1,Re可能因含量较低,检测不到,人参皂苷Rf,Rb1含量降低,推测人参皂苷Rg1,Re,发酵与蒸制的过程中转化为稀有人参皂苷。
与现有技术相比,本发明采用人参果为原料,人参果中含有与人参根茎相比30倍的人参皂苷Re通过生物转化可以生成活性强的人参皂苷Rg1,Rg2,Rh1,其中人参皂苷Rg1,Rg2,Rh1和人参皂苷G-F1含量比例比发酵前相比分别大于2~20倍以上,相比人参,人参果,本发明人参果转化物增加了人参皂苷Rg2、Rg3、Rg6及Rh1成分。
本发明中的热处理是参照制备红参和黑参的制备技术发明人提出的,能够促进酶解过程中较难且对热不稳定的苷键进行水解的生物转化过程,得到更进一步的转化稀有人参次生皂苷。
本发明人参果将通过枯草芽孢杆菌发酵结合蒸制热处理后得到转化人参皂苷,得到其中含有与发酵前的人参果和人参相比含量少的或没有的稀有人参皂苷,这种人参皂苷生物活性强,容易直接吸收,可以开发相应药品,具有极好的应用价值。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种用人参果制备转化人参皂苷的方法,其特征在于,其步骤包括:将人参果原材料粉碎研细,加入枯草芽孢杆菌培养液,培养48~72小时,再经蒸制热解、提取、纯化得到转化人参皂苷。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种用人参果制备转化人参皂苷的方法,其特征在于,具体步骤包括:
S1.将人参果原材料干燥、粉碎、用水湿润,喷入枯草芽孢杆菌菌液,培养一定时间,得到生物转化发酵人参果皂苷;优选地,培养时间为48~72小时,得到人参果发酵产物;
S2.将人参果发酵产物经第一次干燥,放入灭菌锅中蒸制化,然后拿出放入鼓风干燥箱中干燥,再按上述操作往复循环3~8次得到蒸制热解人参果产物;
S3.将蒸制热解人参果产物加入预定的溶剂,过滤,得到人参皂苷转化浓缩物,用吸附剂精制和纯化,得到转化人参皂苷;
优选地,所述预定的溶剂选自水、乙醇、甲醇、超临界液体或它们的混合液,优选地,所述吸附剂为大孔吸附树脂、离子交换树脂中的任一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述一种用人参果制备转化人参皂苷的方法,其特征在于,所述人参果原材料选自鲜人参果、干人参果以及人参果加工物中的任一种,所述人参果加工物包括但不限于人参果提取物、人参果粉末。
4.根据权利要求2所述一种用人参果制备转化人参皂苷的方法,其特征在于,所述第一次干燥过程为将人参果发酵产物用冷水浸泡,洗涕粘性物质,在50~80℃干燥12~18小时得干燥物;所述干燥物放入灭菌锅经蒸制过程2~4小时后,拿出放入鼓风干燥箱中干燥6~10小时,再按上述操作往复循环3~8次。
5.根据权利要求1所述一种用人参果制备转化人参皂苷的方法,其特征在于,所述枯草芽孢杆菌是从纳豆中筛选的枯草芽孢杆菌。
6.根据权利要求5所述一种用人参果制备转化人参皂苷的方法,其特征在于,所述枯草芽孢杆菌选自Bacillus subtils IFO 3007、Bacillus natto Sawamura 06、Bacillusvatto Sawamura IFO 3339菌种中的一种或几种。
7.一种如权利要求1-6任一项权利要求所述方法制得的转化人参皂苷。
8.根据权利要求7所述转化人参皂苷,其特征在于,所述转化人参皂苷含有至少一种下述成分:人参皂苷Rg1,Rg2,Rg3,Rh1,Rh2和人参皂苷G-F1和F2。
9.一种含有权利要求8所述转化人参皂苷的制剂。
10.根据权利要求9所述的制剂,其特征在于,所述制剂包括口服饮料制剂、颗粒剂、胶囊剂。
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