CN112442093A - 一种壳寡糖分离方法 - Google Patents
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- C07H5/00—Compounds containing saccharide radicals in which the hetero bonds to oxygen have been replaced by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium
- C07H5/04—Compounds containing saccharide radicals in which the hetero bonds to oxygen have been replaced by the same number of hetero bonds to halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, or tellurium to nitrogen
- C07H5/06—Aminosugars
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- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
- C07H1/06—Separation; Purification
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- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0003—General processes for their isolation or fractionation, e.g. purification or extraction from biomass
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- C08B37/00—Preparation of polysaccharides not provided for in groups C08B1/00 - C08B35/00; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0006—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid
- C08B37/0024—Homoglycans, i.e. polysaccharides having a main chain consisting of one single sugar, e.g. colominic acid beta-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)-D-Glucans, e.g. paramylon, coriolan, sclerotan, pachyman, callose, scleroglucan, schizophyllan, laminaran, lentinan or curdlan; (beta-1,6)-D-Glucans, e.g. pustulan; (beta-1,4)-D-Glucans; (beta-1,3)(beta-1,4)-D-Glucans, e.g. lichenan; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/0027—2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-glucans; Derivatives thereof
- C08B37/003—Chitin, i.e. 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-(beta-1,4)-D-glucan or N-acetyl-beta-1,4-D-glucosamine; Chitosan, i.e. deacetylated product of chitin or (beta-1,4)-D-glucosamine; Derivatives thereof
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种壳寡糖分离方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:步骤1:取壳寡糖样品加水配制成浓度为0.5‑2mg/mL壳寡糖水溶液;步骤2:取铝制点样板,将壳寡糖水溶液点样在铝制点样板的一端,然后将点样后的铝制点样板置于装有展开剂的层析缸中,待溶剂前进到铝制点样板的另一端后,往铝制点样板上喷洒显色剂,喷洒完成后在40‑60℃条件下烘烤至铝制点样板上的斑点显色清晰即可。该分离方法简单,且分离效果佳,同时成本低廉,同时还可利用该方法对壳寡糖进行鉴别。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于壳寡糖分离领域,尤其涉及一种壳寡糖分离方法。
背景技术
壳寡糖(Chitosan oligosaccharide),又名寡聚氨基葡糖、甲壳低聚糖,是2~10个氨基葡萄糖通过β-1,4糖苷键连接起来的小分子聚合物,是天然糖中唯一大量存在的碱性氨基多糖,其特征为脱乙酰度>90%,聚合度<20,平均分子质量<3900道尔顿。壳寡糖是壳聚糖的水解产物,其在水中的溶解度好,水溶性好,易被吸收,环保无污染,因此生物可利用度高,具有独特的生理活性和功能,如降胆固醇、抗菌、抗肿瘤和抗癌、抗炎、抗高血压、抗氧化等,可广泛地应用于农业、食品、化工、能源、环保、医药等领域。
目前,对壳寡糖的研究已经越来越深入,根据实验条件的不同,壳寡糖制备过程中氨基葡萄糖会发生不同程度的聚合,进而产生多种不同聚合度的壳寡糖,造成生物性质及其他方面的性质不同,如抗氧化性、抑菌功能等方面,因此分离出适宜的用于研究的壳寡糖纯净样品是非常重要的,对样品的分离需要探索出一种简便、快捷、有效的壳寡糖分析方法很有必要
薄层色谱(Thin Layer Chromatography,TLC),是层析分离技术的一种。它是将适宜的固定相涂布于支持板上,将样品进行点样后,选用合适的溶剂配制展开剂进行展开,从而达到对混合样品分离、鉴定和定量的目的。薄层色谱法的优点是操作方便、设备简单、易显色、结果直观、展开速率快、兼具分离和鉴定双重功能,同时其成本低、能节省时间、检测手段多、信息来源广等,这是其他色谱方法所不具有的。长期以来,薄层色谱法由于偶尔会出现让人不满意的结果,导致很多人认为这是一种陈旧、过时、不准确的分析手段,应该用更加准确可靠的其他色谱方法进行取代,如高效液相色谱、高效气相色谱等。但这是一种偏见,只要在实际操作中严格遵守操作规范并充分考虑到一切可能影响到结果的因素,并进行适当的调整,就能保证检验结果的准确性,从而提高工作效率和质量。
发明内容
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种对壳寡糖中不同聚合度的壳寡糖进行分离的方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明的技术方案如下:一种壳寡糖分离方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
步骤1:取壳寡糖样品加水配制成浓度为0.5-2mg/mL壳寡糖水溶液;
步骤2:取铝制点样板,将壳寡糖水溶液点样在铝制点样板的一端,然后将点样后的铝制点样板置于装有展开剂的层析缸中,待溶剂前进到铝制点样板的另一端后,往铝制点样板上喷洒显色剂,喷洒完成后在40-60℃条件下烘烤至铝制点样板上的斑点显色清晰即可。
优选的,所述步骤2中的取样量均为1μL。
优选的,所述展开剂为正丁醇-蒸馏水-冰乙酸-氨水按照10:5:5:1的体积比混合均匀即得。
优选的,所述显色剂浓度为0.5wt%的茚三酮溶液。
优选的,所述茚三酮溶液由茚三酮、正丁醇和冰乙酸混合而成,其中,茚三酮与正丁醇的质量体积比为37.5g/L,正丁醇与冰乙酸的体积比为100:3。
优选的,所述步骤1中壳寡糖水溶液的浓度为1mg/mL。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果在于:该分离方法简单,且分离效果佳,同时成本低廉,同时还可利用该方法对壳寡糖进行鉴别。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1对应的实验结果图;
图2为本发明实施例2对应的实验结果图;
图3为本发明实施例3对应的实验结果图;
图4为本发明实施例4对应的实验结果图;
图5为本发明实施例5对应的实验结果图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
下述各实施例中所使用的壳寡糖样品来源于湖北金壳药业有限公司;微量注射器采购于上海高鸽工贸有限公司;层析缸尺寸为30×30mm。
取少量壳寡糖样品分别配制浓度为0.5mg/mL、1mg/mL和2mg/mL壳寡糖溶液,
配制展开剂,取20mL正丁醇、10mL蒸馏水、10mL冰乙酸、2mL氨水,混合均匀,留备待用;
配制显色剂,取0.375g茚三酮、10mL正丁醇、0.3mL冰乙酸,混合均匀,留备待用;
实施例1
取3个铝制点样板,在距铝制点样板底部约1cm的位置处沿横向画一条直线,然后用微量注射器分别取0.5mg/mL、1mg/mL、2mg/mL壳寡糖标准溶液1μL和2μL分别进行点样(其中,每个铝制点样板对应一个浓度,且每个铝制点样板上对应两个点样位置,每个铝制点样板上的两个点样位置在画线处并沿横向间隔分布,其中一个点样位置点样量为1μL,另一个点样位置点样量为2μL),点样后将铝制点样板均放入玻璃层析缸中,展开剂为10:5:5:1的正丁醇-蒸馏水-冰乙酸-氨水混合溶液,展开时间为5-10min,待溶剂前进到距顶部1厘米左右取出,吹干后喷洒显色剂,待铝制点样板上的有机溶剂挥发完后放入50℃烘箱内加热5分钟,显色完成后,铝制点样板观察结果如图1所示,具体结果为:由图1可得出使用浓度为1mg/mL壳寡糖溶液、点样量为1μL时,可得到较好的分离效果;点样量为2μL,使用2mg/mL壳寡糖溶液时,展开后会发生拖尾现象,使用0.5mg/mL壳寡糖溶液无法得到较好的显色效果。
实施例2
取1个铝制点样板和1个玻璃点样G板,在距铝制点样板和玻璃点样G板底部约1cm的位置处沿横向画一条直线,然后用微量注射器分别取1mg/mL和2mg/mL壳寡糖溶液1μL,并分别在铝制点样板和玻璃点样G板上分别点样(铝制点样板和玻璃点样G板上的划线处分别沿横向间隔设两个点样点,且两个点样点分别对应的1mg/mL和2mg/mL壳寡糖溶液,点样量均为1μL),将铝制点样板和玻璃点样G板均放入玻璃层析缸中,展开剂为10:5:5:1的正丁醇-蒸馏水-冰乙酸-氨水混合溶液,展开时间为5-10min,待溶剂前进到距顶部1厘米左右取出,吹干后喷洒显色剂,待铝制点样板和玻璃点样G板上的有机溶剂挥发完后放入50℃烘箱内加热5分钟,显色完成后,铝制点样板和玻璃点样G板观察结果如图2所示,具体结果如下:由图2可得出,在其他条件相同时,使用铝制点样板可以得到较好的显色效果,而玻璃点样G板无法得到明显的显色效果
实施例3
取2个铝制点样板,在距铝制点样板底部约1cm的位置处沿横向画一条直线,然后用微量注射器分别取1μL浓度为1mg/mL的壳寡糖溶液在两个铝制点样板的划线处点样,然后将两个铝制点样板均放入玻璃层析缸中,展开剂为10:5:5:1的正丁醇-蒸馏水-冰乙酸-氨水混合溶液,展开时间为5-10min,待溶剂前进到距顶部1厘米左右取出,吹干后喷洒0.5%茚三酮显色剂,其中一个铝制点样板放入100℃烘箱内加热5分钟,另一个铝制点样板放入100℃烘箱内加热10分钟,显色完成后,铝制点样板观察结果如图3所示,具体结构如下,由图3可得出,若加热时间较长及加热温度过高,将导致背景色加深并覆盖原有显色效果,最终导致无法对实验结果进行分析。
实施例4
配制不同展开剂,
展开剂1:取5mL乙酸乙酯、9mL甲醇、1mL蒸馏水、1.5mL氨水,混合均匀;
展开剂2:取60mL异丙醇、30mL蒸馏水、4mL氨水,混合均匀;
展开剂3:取60mL正丙醇、30mL蒸馏水、4mL氨水,混合均匀;
分别取3张铝制点样板,在距三个铝制点样板底部约1cm的位置处沿横向画一条直线,然后用微量注射器各取1μL浓度为1mg/mL的壳寡糖溶液在三个铝制点样板的画线处,将三个铝制点样板分别放入三个玻璃层析缸中,其中一个玻璃层析缸中加入展开剂1,另一个玻璃层析缸中加入展开剂2,余下的玻璃层析缸中加入展开剂3,展开时间为5-10min,待溶剂前进到距铝制点样板顶部1厘米左右取出,吹干后喷洒显色剂,待铝制点样板上的溶剂挥发完后放入50℃烘箱内加热5分钟,显色完成后,铝制点样板观察结果如图4所示,具体结果如下:由图4可以得出,使用上述3种展开剂均无法得到较好的分离及显色效果,虽然使用展开剂2和展开剂3能够显现出一条线,但分离效果明显不及使用正丁醇、蒸馏水、冰乙酸、氨水混合溶液的效果好。
实施例5
配制不同显色剂
显色剂1:取2g二苯胺溶于2mL苯胺,加入10mL 85%磷酸、1mL浓盐酸和100mL丙酮,混合均匀;
显色剂2:取大茴香醛5mL、乙醇90mL、硫酸5mL、乙酸1mL,混合均匀;
分别取两个铝制点样板,在距铝制点样板底部约1cm的位置处沿横向画一条直线,然后用微量注射器各取1μL浓度为1mg/mL的壳寡糖溶液分别在两个铝制点样板的画线处点样,将两个铝制点样板放入玻璃层析缸中,展开剂为10:5:5:1的正丁醇-蒸馏水-冰乙酸-氨水混合溶液,展开时间为5-10min,待溶剂前进到距铝制点样板顶部1厘米左右取出,吹干后其中一个;铝制点样板喷洒显色剂1,另一个铝制点样板喷洒显色剂2,挥干后放入50℃烘箱内加热5分钟,显色完成后,铝制点样板观察结果如图5所示,具体结构为:由图5可知,两种显色剂均无法使壳寡糖溶液显色。
结论
本专利提出的薄层层析检查方法可以对壳寡糖进行分离,最优浓度为1mg/mL,点样量为1μL;层析板选用铝制点样板;温度区间为25至60℃,优选为50℃,加热时间为5分钟,展开剂使用正丁醇:蒸馏水:冰乙酸:氨水=10:5:5:1的混合溶液,显色剂使用0.5%的茚三酮溶液,可为产品提供快速、准确、操作简单、成本低的检测分离方法。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种壳寡糖分离方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤;
步骤1:取壳寡糖样品加水配制成浓度为0.5-2mg/mL壳寡糖水溶液;
步骤2:取铝制点样板,将壳寡糖水溶液点样在铝制点样板的一端,然后将点样后的铝制点样板置于装有展开剂的层析缸中,待溶剂前进到铝制点样板的另一端后,往铝制点样板上喷洒显色剂,喷洒完成后在40-60℃条件下烘烤至铝制点样板上的斑点显色清晰即可。
2.根据权利要求1所述的壳寡糖分离方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中点样量中壳寡糖的含量为0.0005-0.0025mg。
3.根据权利要求1所述的壳寡糖分离方法,其特征在于,所述展开剂为正丁醇-蒸馏水-冰乙酸-氨水按照10:5:5:1的体积比混合均匀即得。
4.根据权利要求1所述的壳寡糖分离方法,其特征在于,所述显色剂浓度为0.5wt%的茚三酮溶液。
5.根据权利要求4所述的壳寡糖分离方法,其特征在于,所述茚三酮溶液由茚三酮、正丁醇和冰乙酸混合而成,其中,茚三酮与正丁醇的质量体积比为37.5g/L,正丁醇与冰乙酸的体积比为100:3。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的壳寡糖分离方法,其特征在于,所述步骤1中壳寡糖水溶液的浓度为1mg/mL。
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JPS6398395A (ja) * | 1986-10-16 | 1988-04-28 | Katakura Chitsukarin Kk | キトサンオリゴ糖の製造法 |
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