CN112442020B - 一种可超分辨示踪线粒体-溶酶体相互作用的荧光探针 - Google Patents

一种可超分辨示踪线粒体-溶酶体相互作用的荧光探针 Download PDF

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CN112442020B
CN112442020B CN201910826969.7A CN201910826969A CN112442020B CN 112442020 B CN112442020 B CN 112442020B CN 201910826969 A CN201910826969 A CN 201910826969A CN 112442020 B CN112442020 B CN 112442020B
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lysosomes
coupa
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方红宝
何卫江
陈韵聪
张玉明
郭子建
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高渗透性,生物相容性,黏度响应的小分子荧光探针以监测活细胞中线粒体和溶酶体的相互作用。本发明所述荧光探针可以通过在溶酶体上发射红光和在线粒体上发射蓝光来同时监测线粒体和溶酶体,而两种颜色的相关荧光强度变化与线粒体‑溶酶体在线粒体自噬中相互作用的过程有关,为动态监测线粒体‑溶酶体在线粒体自噬中的相互作用提供了新的选择。

Description

一种可超分辨示踪线粒体-溶酶体相互作用的荧光探针
技术领域
本发明属于超分辨成像领域,涉及一种可用于示踪活细胞中线粒体-溶酶体相互作用的荧光探针。
背景技术
线粒体-溶酶体相互作用,包括线粒体-溶酶体融合(即线粒体自噬)和线粒体-溶酶体接触 (MLC),是真核细胞中维持细胞稳态的重要过程,其相互作用也与神经退行性疾病和癌症相关。现有技术下,通常用两种不同的探针或荧光蛋白标记线粒体和溶酶体,用于在超分辨率成像下观察线粒体-溶酶体之间的相互作用。目前已经开发了许多合成荧光探针,以延长光漂白抗性,降低光毒性,降低背景信号,用于亚细胞器的成像形态学。如Zhang等人通过超分辨成像技术记录溶酶体融合分裂的连续动态过程以及溶酶体-线粒体相互作用。(Han Y,Li M, Qiu F,Zhang M,Zhang Y,Cell-permeable organic fluorescentprobes for live-cell long-term super-resolution imaging reveal lysosome-mitochondrion interactions,Nat.Coummun.2017,8, 1307.)2018年,Krainc等人在Nature报道了线粒体-溶酶体接触通过RAB7GTPase调节线粒体分裂过程(Wong YC,Ysselstein D,Krainc D,Mitochondria–lysosome contacts regulate mitochondrialfission via RAB7 GTP hydrolysis,Nature 2018,554,382-386.)。虽然这类探针是在显微镜下可视化细胞器和蛋白质的良好荧光材料,但它们只反映单个细胞器的形态行为,仍然需要另一种发射波长的探针来可视化细胞器与细胞器的相互作用。此外,这些探针不能提供有关细胞器状态变化的信息。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术不足,提供了一种小分子荧光探针,可在结构照明显微镜(SIM)下报告不同颜色的线粒体和溶酶体,可以揭示活细胞中SIM下的线粒体-溶酶体相互作用。
本发明具体技术方案如下:
一种含有香豆素-部花菁结构的荧光探针,具有如下结构:
Figure GDA0003510335470000011
所述荧光探针可以与阴离子结合,如Cl-、Br-,I-,NO3 -或PF4 -
一个优选的结构为:
Figure GDA0003510335470000021
本发明所述荧光探针为粘度响应型荧光探针。
本发明另一目的在于提供本发明所述的荧光探针在示踪线粒体和溶酶体的相互作用中的应用。所述荧光探针同时标记线粒体和溶酶体,用于检测线粒体自噬过程中线粒体和溶酶体相互作用及荧光强度变化,从而区分正常和损伤线粒体。
本发明所述荧光探针带有正价基团,可积聚在线粒体的内膜上,实现线粒体标记。溶酶体具有吞噬外源分子的能力,因而可以使荧光探针骨架能够定位在溶酶体中,实现溶酶体标记。
本发明所述荧光探针骨架含有两个分子内电荷转移(ICT)发射峰,其中香豆素(发射~480 nm)和部花菁(发射~650nm)用于染色线粒体和溶酶体。正常条件下,所述荧光探针能够发射部花菁的荧光,在H2S、SO2或线粒体中的其他活性硫物种(RSS)环境中,所述荧光探针骨架中的共轭系统很容易与活性硫物种发生反应被修饰和破坏,导致部花菁的荧光强度显著降低或消失。因此,本发明通过荧光探针在线粒体和溶酶体细胞器内环境光谱行为的改变,通过发射不同颜色荧光来同步定位线粒体和溶酶体。本发明所述荧光探针对溶酶体进行标记, 560nm波长激发下,发射峰波长为650nm,呈现红色成像;所述荧光探针对线粒体标记后,与线粒体中的活性硫物种发生反应,405nm波长激发下,发射峰波长为480nm,呈现蓝色成像。
粘度是各种细胞器(如线粒体)状态的重要动态标志,当线粒体受损时,粘度会增加,可用于辨别线粒体状态(例如受损与正常),而传统染料(例如商用的线粒体定位染料MTG)无法探测。本发明所述荧光探针可通过C-C旋转实现粘度响应,荧光发射强度与线粒体和溶酶体内粘度变化成正相关。
有益效果:
本发明中提出了一种新的双标记策略,通过使用本发明所述荧光探针分别标记线粒体和溶酶体,以蓝色和红色通道监测活细胞中的线粒体和溶酶体。本发明所述荧光探针可以标记溶酶体上进行红色成像(Coupa-lyso),并且可以在线粒体中的活性性硫物种(RSS)下反应形成Coupa-mito,以成像蓝色通道中的线粒体。本发明所述荧光探针不仅显示出良好的细胞渗透性、无毒性和优异的抗光漂白性能,而且还可以响应于局部环境变化而改变荧光强度。可用于同时监测线粒体(Coupa-mito)和溶酶体(Coupa-lyso)以反映线粒体自噬的状态,它可以根据线粒体自噬中的细胞器状态对环境变化做出反应,线粒体中的荧光强度增加,溶酶体中的荧光强度降低。
附图说明
图1.本发明所述荧光探针Coupa的1H NMR图(CD3OD)。
图2.本发明所述荧光探针Coupa的13C NMR图(CD3OD)。
图3.本发明所述荧光探针Coupa的HRMS图。
图4.为本发明所述荧光探针Coupa在活性硫物种以及其他生物相关物种和不同pH环境下 405nm(实线)和560nm(虚线)激发的荧光光谱。
图5.为本发明所述荧光探针Coupa在不同粘度环境下在405nm和560nm激发下的荧光光谱。
图6.为本发明所述荧光探针Coupa对线粒体的标记情况。
图7.为本发明所述荧光探针Coupa对溶酶体的标记情况。
图8.为本发明所述荧光探针Coupa光漂白性能。
图9.使用本发明所述荧光探针Coupa监测线粒体-溶酶体在线粒体自噬中的相互作用。
图10.使用Coupa监测线粒体自噬中线粒体-溶酶体相互作用的动态过程。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的实施例作详细说明,本实施例在以本发明技术方案为前提下进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本发明的保护范围不限于下述的实例。
实施例1:荧光探针Coupa的制备:
参考文献Wu J,Liu W,Zhuang X,et al.Fluorescence turn on of coumarinderivatives by metal cations:a new signaling mechanism based on C=Nisomerization,Org.Lett.2007,9,33-36.制备得到化合物1。
参考文献Li X,Wang Y,Matsuura T,Meng J,Synthesis of new spiropyransand spirooxazines having a heteroaromatic pendant and their photochromicbehavior,Heterocycles 1999,51, 2639-2651.制备得到化合物2。
将化合物1((245mg,1.0mmol))和化合物2(359mg,1.0mmol)混合在10ml乙腈中。溶液回流搅拌过夜后,通过减压蒸发溶剂。采用凝胶色谱法分离粗产物,洗脱液为CH2Cl2/CH3OH (50/1,v/v),最终得到深蓝色产物Coupa,收率40%,并用1H NMR、13C NMR和HR-MS对其进行了结构表征如图1-3。
Figure GDA0003510335470000041
实施例2:Coupa体外光谱表征
使用Na2S作为H2S供体和Na2SO3作为SO2供体模拟线粒体活性硫物种(RSS)的微环境,并检测405nm和560nm激发的荧光光谱。配制浓度为10μM的3mLPBS/DMSO=10/1 探针溶液,并分别加入10当量活性硫物种Na2S和Na2SO3,检测探针溶液的光谱行为。结果如图4a(Na2S)和图4b(Na2SO3)所示,结果显示在两种RSS条件下,部花菁体系(560nm 激发,650nm发射)的荧光强度降低显著,而香豆素体系(405nm激发,480nm发射)的荧光强度没有变化。考虑到线粒体活性硫物种(RSS)的微环境下,本发明所述荧光探针部花菁体系的荧光强度出现明显减弱,因此使用香豆素体系检测对线粒体的标记情况,而由于溶酶体内活性硫物种含量很低,荧光探针不会受其影响,可使用部花菁体系检测对溶酶体的标记情况。
此外,进一步考察了本发明所述荧光探针与其他生物相关物种以及pH的响应情况。分别在探针溶液冲加入10当量H2O2、ClO-或·OH,以及调节不同pH值,检测探针溶液的光谱行为。结果如图4c(ClO-)、图4d(pH)、图4e(H2O2)、图4f(·OH)所示。结果表明,本发明所述荧光探针对上述生物相关物种以及pH没有响应,说明本发明所述荧光探针不受其它活性氧物种及pH的影响。
实施例3不同粘度下Coupa的荧光光谱
使用0~80%(V/V)甘油的甲醇二元溶液模拟不同的粘度,考察Coupa在405nm和560 nm激发下的荧光光谱。首先配置3mL不同比例的甘油/甲醇二元溶液,然后分别向其中加入 10μM探针,涡旋充分混匀,再使用荧光光谱仪分别用405nm和560nm激发得到荧光光谱。如图5所示,结果表明,在405nm(图5a)和560nm(图5b)激发下,荧光发射随粘度的增加而增加,说明荧光强度与粘度成正相关。
实施例4:考察Coupa对线粒体的标记情况
选择HeLa细胞在Dulbecco改良的Eagle培养基(#11965118,DMEM)中培养,添加10%胎牛血清(#26140079,FBS),青霉素(10000units/mL)和链霉素(10000μg/mL)(#15140163,10000 U/mL),在37℃的5%CO2细胞培养箱中培养。CCCP即羰基氰化物间氯苯腙,为线粒体解偶联试剂,也是最常用的自噬诱导剂,向细胞中加入10μM CCCP处理12h后,使用商用绿色线粒体染料(即MitoTracker Green,MTG,100nM)和Coupa(10μM)在培养箱中共染色30分钟,并在SIM下观察蓝色通道(405nm激发,接收波长,460nm)和红色通道(561nm激发,接收波长,605nm),结果如图6所示。图6a和6c分别为未处理的和CCCP处理HeLa细胞和图6c为细胞在SIM 405nm和561nm通道下线粒体商业染料MTG与Coupa共定位。图6b和6 d对应图6a和6c中SIM 405nm通道下白色矩形中的放大图。图6e为在CCCP处理的HeLa细胞中,在SIM405nm和561nm通道下Coupa和溶酶体商业染料LTG的共定位图,图6f为图6e中在SIM 561nm通道下白色矩形中的放大图。图6a显示红色颗粒与MTG标记的线粒体区没有共存,而微弱的蓝色荧光颗粒与MTG标记的线粒体有较好的共定位(图6b),表明Coupa可以在线粒体共定位。图6c显示发现发生自噬后,Coupa同样可以很好地与线粒体共定位(图6c)。说明探针在细胞正常和自噬条件下均能标记线粒体。
实施例5:考察Coupa对溶酶体的标记情况
在线粒体自噬和自噬的情况下,溶酶体的数量会增加,以维持细胞内的稳态,本实施例检测了在有或没有CCCP处理的单个细胞中使用Coupa标记的红色颗粒的数量,同时用商用溶酶体探针(Lyso-Tracker Green,LTG,200nM)和Coupa(10μM)共染细胞,检测红色颗粒的数量。结果如图7所示,结果表明与未处理的HeLa细胞相比(图7),经CCCP处理的红色颗粒数量增加(图6e)。结果表明,Coupa标记的红色颗粒可以在生理和病理条件下反映溶酶体的生物进程。同时,图6f Coupa标记的红色颗粒与LTG染色的溶酶体共定位结果,证实Coupa可以用于标记溶酶体(Coupa-lyso)。
综上所述,Coupa可以同时分别用蓝色和红色染色线粒体(Coupa-mito)和溶酶体(Coupa-lyso)。
实施例6:考察Coupa光漂白性能
优良的抗光漂白性能是商用探针在观察活细胞中的长期动态过程方面的竞争优势。许多探针已被设计或修饰,以提高超分辨率显微镜的抗光漂白能力。为了表征Coupa-mito标记线粒体和Coupa-lyso标记溶酶体与商业MTG相比的抗光漂白能力,本实施例用Coupa-mito/ Coupa-lyso和MTG共染色10μM CCCP处理12h的细胞,并将它们暴露于连续的SIM激光照射下,结果如图8所示,图8a为Coupa-mito和MTG染料在SIM 405nm和488nm激光下用于连续成像的光漂白特性,右下角图表示白色实线显示的荧光强度随照射时间的变化;图8b)为Coupa-lyso和LTG染料在561nm和488nm激光下连续成像的光漂白性能,右下角图表示白色实线显示的荧光强度随照射时间的变化。结果表明,Coupa-mito对400s以下的线粒体成像具有良好的抗光漂白能力,远远超过了MTG。Coupa-lyso对溶酶体成像发挥了出色的抗光漂白能力,远远超出了LTG。
实施例7:使用Coupa监测线粒体-溶酶体在线粒体自噬中的相互作用
溶酶体是通过与自噬体融合形成降解货物的自噬溶酶体的细胞降解中心。传统的标记线粒体和溶酶体的探针只能反映其形态,没有报道细胞器的内部状态。本实施例涉及与自噬体检测染料(DAPG)和Coupa共染色,在CCCP处理的细胞中,DAPG可以与LC3共定位而不需要转染。先用1μM DAPG孵育细胞30min后,再加入10μM CCCP处理12h后再加入10 μMCoupa孵育30min,进行SIM成像,结果如图9所示,图9a为CCCP处理的HeLa细胞中,Coupa染色的线粒体与DAPG染色的自噬体共定位,图9b为图9a中白色矩形表示自噬体内(1)和外(2)的线粒体。结果显示线粒体呈不同大小的颗粒状,并与自噬体重叠(图9a)。此外,结果显示Coupa-mito标记的线粒体在自噬体内(标记1,图9b,9 c)和外部(标记2,图9b,9 c) 的荧光强度,结果表明自噬体内的线粒体表现出高的荧光强度,而自噬体外的线粒体表现出低的荧光强度(图9b,9 c)。这表明Coupa-mito可以指示线粒体自噬中线粒体黏度的大小,这有助于对不同黏度的线粒体和亚细胞进行分选和流式分析,以区分单个细胞中的线粒体黏度群体。
实施例8:使用Coupa监测线粒体自噬中线粒体-溶酶体相互作用的动态过程
使用Coupa对HeLa细胞进行预染色,以同时成像线粒体和溶酶体,并在SIM下向细胞培养皿中加入含有高浓度(50μM)CCCP的无色DMEM(#31053028),结果如图10所示。图 10a为用Coupa孵育的HeLa细胞加入50μM CCCP处理后红色通道(溶酶体)和蓝色通道(线粒体)荧光动态变化,图10b为图10a中实心白线显示的荧光强度随时间的变化曲线。结果表明,在线粒体自噬过程中,溶酶体的荧光强度逐渐降低,而线粒体的荧光强度逐渐增加。以上结果表明,Coupa可以通过线粒体和溶酶体的荧光变化来监测线粒体自噬。

Claims (7)

1.一种含有香豆素-部花菁结构的荧光探针在制备线粒体和溶酶体相互作用的示踪剂中的应用,所述荧光探针具有如下结构:
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
2.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于所述荧光探针可以与阴离子结合。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于所述阴离子选自Cl-、Br-,I-,NO3 -或PF4 -
4.如权利要求 1 所述的应用,其特征在于所述荧光探针为粘度响应型荧光探针。
5.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于所述荧光探针同时标记线粒体和溶酶体,用于检测线粒体自噬过程中线粒体和溶酶体相互作用及荧光强度变化,从而区分正常和损伤线粒体。
6.如权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于所述荧光探针对溶酶体进行标记,560 nm波长激发下,发射峰波长为650 nm,呈现红色成像;所述荧光探针对线粒体标记后,与线粒体中的活性硫物种发生反应,405 nm波长激发下,发射峰波长为480 nm,呈现蓝色成像。
7.如权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于所述荧光探针的荧光发射强度与线粒体和溶酶体内粘度变化成正相关。
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