CN112421595B - Overvoltage suppression protection and reverse connection prevention circuit - Google Patents
Overvoltage suppression protection and reverse connection prevention circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN112421595B CN112421595B CN202011334343.3A CN202011334343A CN112421595B CN 112421595 B CN112421595 B CN 112421595B CN 202011334343 A CN202011334343 A CN 202011334343A CN 112421595 B CN112421595 B CN 112421595B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H11/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result
- H02H11/002—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result in case of inverted polarity or connection; with switching for obtaining correct connection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/02—Details
- H02H3/025—Disconnection after limiting, e.g. when limiting is not sufficient or for facilitating disconnection
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/20—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess voltage
Abstract
The invention relates to an overvoltage suppression protection and reverse connection prevention circuit, which consists of a common-mode signal suppression circuit, a reverse connection prevention circuit, a reverse follow current circuit and an overvoltage suppression protection circuit. When the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the power supply are reversely connected or the voltage is overlarge, the circuit can normally work by utilizing the overvoltage suppression protection and reverse connection prevention circuit. The overvoltage suppression protection and reverse connection prevention circuit is designed to protect the circuit and devices, so that the situation that the circuit is damaged due to the problems of overlarge voltage or reverse connection of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a power supply is effectively avoided, and reliable guarantee is provided for the normal operation of the circuit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an overvoltage suppression protection and reverse connection prevention circuit.
Background
In the current circuit design process, in order to prevent the damage to the device caused by the overlarge voltage, an overvoltage suppression circuit formed by a voltage stabilizing diode is adopted to protect the device; in order to prevent the misoperation that the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery are inversely connected to damage the circuit, an anti-reverse connection circuit formed by MOS tubes is adopted to protect the battery. The existing overvoltage suppression protection circuit only suppresses overvoltage signals, and does not control output and turn-off functions for the overvoltage signals. The existing anti-reverse connection circuit adopts a single MOS tube, and the problem that an internal diode circuit can pass through reverse current due to MOS characteristics is not considered, so that the reliability of the circuit is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the defects, the overvoltage suppression protection and reverse connection prevention circuit is adopted, the overvoltage suppression protection circuit and the reverse connection prevention circuit are effectively combined together, the overvoltage suppression protection and reverse connection prevention circuit further has the functions of signal turn-off control of the double triodes after overvoltage and reverse current elimination of the double MOS transistors, and the reliability of the circuit is further improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
an overvoltage suppression protection and reverse connection prevention circuit comprises a common-mode signal suppression circuit, a reverse connection prevention circuit and an overvoltage suppression protection circuit;
the input of the power supply is input to the reverse connection preventing circuit after common mode interference signals are filtered by the common mode signal inhibiting circuit, the reverse connection preventing circuit normally outputs voltage to the overvoltage inhibiting protection circuit when the connected polarities of the positive end and the negative end of the power supply are correct, and does not output voltage to the overvoltage inhibiting protection circuit at the rear end when the polarities of the positive end and the negative end of the power supply are reversed;
when the received input voltage is in a set range, the overvoltage suppression protection circuit outputs voltage to a post-stage circuit; when the received input voltage exceeds a set range, no output voltage exists;
the reverse follow current circuit is also included, when the rear-stage circuit is connected with an inductive load and is powered off, the reverse current generated by the inductive load is discharged by the reverse follow current circuit.
Further, the common mode signal suppression circuit comprises a common mode inductor L2 and a second capacitor C2; the positive end and the negative end of the power supply are respectively connected to two ends of a second capacitor C2 through a common mode inductor L2, and the common mode electromagnetic interference signals and the impurity waves are filtered through the common mode inductor L2 and the second capacitor C2 to output voltage to the reverse connection preventing circuit.
Further, the reverse connection preventing circuit comprises a reverse connection preventing unit circuit and a reverse connection preventing unit circuit which is mirrored with the reverse connection preventing unit circuit.
Further, the anti-reverse unit circuit comprises a third voltage stabilizing diode V3, a fourth MOS tube Q4, a third resistor R3 and a seventh resistor R7; the anode of the third voltage-stabilizing diode V3 is respectively connected with the source of the fourth MOS transistor Q4 and the negative voltage end output by the common-mode signal suppression circuit, and the cathode of the third voltage-stabilizing diode V3 is respectively connected to the positive voltage end of the common-mode signal suppression circuit, the reverse freewheeling circuit and the overvoltage suppression protection circuit through a third resistor R3; the grid electrode of the fourth MOS tube Q4 is respectively connected with the cathode of the third voltage-stabilizing diode V3 and the reverse freewheeling circuit through a seventh resistor R7, and the drain electrode of the fourth MOS tube Q4 is connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube of the corresponding mirror image in the anti-backflow unit circuit.
Further, the anti-backflow unit circuit comprises a fourth voltage-stabilizing diode V4, a fifth MOS transistor Q5, a fourth resistor R4 and an eighth resistor R8; the anode of the fourth voltage-stabilizing diode V4 is respectively connected with the source of the fifth MOS transistor Q5 and the ground GND1, and the cathode of the fourth voltage-stabilizing diode V4 is respectively connected to the reverse freewheeling circuit and the overvoltage suppression protection circuit through a fourth resistor R4; the grid electrode of the fifth MOS tube Q5 is connected with the cathode electrode of the fourth voltage-stabilizing diode V4 through an eighth resistor R8, and the drain electrode of the fifth MOS tube Q5 is connected with the drain electrode of one MOS tube of the corresponding mirror image in the anti-reverse unit circuit.
Further, the overvoltage suppression protection circuit comprises a first voltage-stabilizing diode V1, a second voltage-stabilizing diode V2, a first triode Q1, a third triode Q3, a second MOS transistor Q2, a fifth capacitor C5, a second resistor R2, a fifth resistor R5, a sixth resistor R6, a ninth resistor R9 and a tenth resistor R10; cathodes of a first voltage stabilizing diode V1 and a second voltage stabilizing diode V2, an emitting electrode of a first triode Q1, a source electrode of a second MOS tube Q2 and one end of a second resistor R2 are connected to a voltage end output by the reverse connection preventing circuit, and the other end of the second resistor R2 is connected to a base electrode of the first triode Q1; the anode of the second voltage-stabilizing diode V2 is grounded GND1 through a sixth resistor R6 and a tenth resistor R10 which are connected in series, the sixth resistor R6 and the tenth resistor R10 are connected in series for voltage division and then are connected to the base of a third triode Q3, the emitter of the third triode Q3 is grounded GND1, and the collector of the third triode Q3 is connected to the base of the first triode Q1 through a fifth resistor R5; a collector of the first triode Q1 is respectively connected to an anode of the first diode V1, a gate of the second MOS transistor Q2 and one end of a ninth resistor R9, and the other end of the ninth resistor R9 is grounded GND1; the drain of the second MOS transistor Q2 serves as the positive output terminal, and the drain is grounded to GND1 via a fifth capacitor C5 as the negative output terminal.
Further, the reverse freewheeling circuit includes a first capacitor C1, a first inductor L1, a first diode D1 and a first resistor R1; one end of the first resistor R1 is connected with the reverse connection preventing circuit, the other end of the first resistor R1 is connected with the anode of the first diode D1, and the cathode of the first diode D1 is respectively connected with one end of the first inductor L1 and the reverse connection preventing circuit; the other end of the first inductor L1 is an inductive load output end, and is grounded through the first capacitor C1 as an inductive load output ground.
The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:
the invention combines the common-mode signal suppression circuit, the reverse-connection prevention circuit, the reverse follow current circuit and the overvoltage suppression protection circuit together, adopts the double triodes to realize the signal turn-off control function after overvoltage, adopts the double MOS tubes to realize the elimination function of reverse current, effectively avoids the circuit damage caused by the problems of reverse connection of a power supply, overlarge voltage and the like, and improves the reliability of the circuit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of the present embodiment;
fig. 2 is a circuit diagram of the present embodiment.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
As shown in fig. 1, the overvoltage suppression protection and reverse connection prevention circuit of the present embodiment mainly includes a common mode signal suppression circuit, a reverse connection prevention circuit, a reverse freewheeling circuit, and an overvoltage suppression protection circuit. The input of the power supply is input to the reverse-connection preventing circuit after common-mode interference signals are filtered by the common-mode signal inhibiting circuit, the reverse-connection preventing circuit normally outputs voltage to the overvoltage inhibiting protection circuit when the polarities of input voltages of the positive end and the negative end of the power supply are correct, and does not output voltage to the overvoltage inhibiting protection circuit at the rear end when the polarities of the input voltages of the positive end and the negative end of the power supply are reverse. When the input voltage is normal, the overvoltage suppression protection circuit can normally output voltage; when the voltage is too large, no output voltage exists, so that a rear-stage circuit is protected and is not burnt out by instantaneous high voltage. For an inductive load connected with the circuit, when power is cut off, the generated reverse current is discharged by the reverse free-wheeling circuit.
Fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram, in which the common mode inductor L2 and the capacitor C2 form a common mode signal rejection circuit. The positive end and the negative end of the power supply are respectively connected to two ends of a capacitor C2 through a common mode inductor L2, and the common mode electromagnetic interference signals and the impurity waves are filtered through the common mode inductor L2 and the capacitor C2 to output voltage to the reverse-connection preventing circuit.
Common mode signal rejection circuit principle: the power is input to the common mode inductor L2, the common mode inductor L2 can be used for filtering common mode electromagnetic interference signals, electromagnetic waves are restrained from emitting radiation interference outwards, and impurity waves can be filtered through the capacitor C2.
With reference to fig. 2, the zener diodes V3 and V4, the MOS transistors Q4 and Q5, the capacitors C3 and C4, and the resistors R3, R4, R7, and R8 form an anti-reverse connection circuit. The anode of the voltage stabilizing diode V3 is connected with the negative voltage end output by the common-mode signal suppression circuit and the source electrode of the MOS tube Q4, and the cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode V3 is connected to the positive voltage end of the common-mode signal suppression circuit, the reverse follow current circuit and the overvoltage suppression protection circuit through the resistor R3. The capacitor C3 is connected in parallel to both ends of the zener diode V3. The gate of the MOS transistor Q4 is connected to the cathode of the zener diode V3 and the resistor R1 in the reverse freewheeling circuit via the resistor R7, respectively. The drain of MOS transistor Q4 is connected to the drain of MOS transistor Q5. The mirror image circuit composed of the resistors R4 and R8, the capacitor C4, the voltage stabilizing diode V4 and the MOS tube Q5 forms mirror images correspondingly with the resistors R3 and R7, the capacitor C3, the voltage stabilizing diode V3 and the MOS tube Q4 respectively. The cathode of the voltage stabilizing diode V4 is respectively connected to the reverse follow current circuit and the overvoltage suppression protection circuit through a resistor R4. The anode of the voltage-stabilizing diode V4, one end of the capacitor C4 and the source of the MOS transistor Q5 are grounded GND1.
Anti-reverse connection circuit principle: when the input voltage is normally connected, current flows in from the input anode, flows through the current-limiting resistor R3, the voltage-stabilizing diode V3 and the MOS transistor Q4. The polarity of the input voltage at the positive end and the negative end of the power supply is correct, the voltage between the grid electrode and the source electrode of the MOS tube Q4 is provided by the reverse breakdown of the voltage-stabilizing tube V3, the drain electrode and the source electrode of the MOS tube Q4 are conducted, and the circuit works normally. The polarity of input voltage at the positive end and the negative end of the power supply is reversed, the V3 voltage-stabilizing tube is conducted in the forward direction, the voltage between the source electrode and the grid electrode of the MOS tube Q4 is smaller and about 0.7V, the drain electrode and the source electrode of the MOS tube are not conducted, and the circuit cannot work normally, so that the reverse connection prevention effect is realized. Due to the characteristics of the MOS tube, a diode between the drain electrode and the source electrode can be used for reversely passing current, so that the mirror circuit consisting of the resistors R4 and R8, the capacitor C4, the voltage stabilizing diode V4 and the MOS tube Q5 has the function of preventing current backflow.
Referring to fig. 2, the capacitor C1, the inductor L1, the diode D1, and the resistor R1 form a reverse freewheeling circuit. One end of the resistor R1 is connected with the reverse connection preventing circuit, the other end of the resistor R1 is connected with the anode of the diode D1, and the cathode of the diode D1 is respectively connected with one end of the inductor L1 and a resistor R4 in the reverse connection preventing circuit; the other end of the inductor L1 is an inductive load output end and is grounded through the capacitor C1 to serve as an inductive load output ground.
Reverse freewheeling circuit principle: when the circuit is connected with an inductive load and is powered off, induced electromotive force is generated to form reverse current, the reverse current is discharged through a loop of the freewheeling diode D1, and the resistor R1 is used for limiting current, so that elements in the circuit are protected.
Referring to fig. 2, the zener diodes V1 and V2, the triodes Q1 and Q3, the MOS transistor Q2, the capacitor C5, and the resistors R2, R5, R6, R9, and R10 form an overvoltage suppression protection circuit. The voltage output by the reverse-connection preventing circuit is respectively input to the cathodes of the voltage stabilizing diodes V1 and V2, the emitter of the triode Q1 and the source of the MOS tube Q2, and is connected to the base of the triode Q1 through the resistor R2. The anode of the voltage-stabilizing diode V2 is grounded GND1 through resistors R6 and R10 which are connected in series, the resistors R6 and R10 are connected in series for voltage division and then are connected to the base electrode of the triode Q3, the emitting electrode of the triode Q3 is grounded GND1, and the collecting electrode of the triode Q3 is connected to the base electrode of the triode Q1 through a resistor R5. The collector of the triode Q1 is respectively connected to the anode of the diode V1, the grid of the MOS transistor Q2 and one end of the resistor R9, and the other end of the resistor R9 is grounded GND1. The drain of the MOS transistor Q2 is used as the positive output terminal, and the drain is grounded GND1 through a capacitor C5 and used as the negative output terminal.
Overvoltage suppression protection circuit principle: when the input voltage is normal, the voltage regulator tube V2 is not broken down in the reverse direction, the triodes Q1 and Q3 are cut off and do not work, the voltage regulator diode V1 provides a pressure difference for the grid electrode and the source electrode of the MOS tube Q2, so that the MOS tube Q2 is conducted, and the power supply outputs normally; when the voltage is too large, the voltage-stabilizing tube V2 breaks down reversely, the impedance is reduced from high impedance to low impedance, so that instantaneous large current is absorbed, the triodes Q1 and Q3 are conducted to work, no voltage difference exists between two ends of the voltage-stabilizing diode V1, the MOS tube Q2 is not conducted, and no output exists in a power supply, so that a rear-stage circuit is protected, and the rear-stage circuit is not burnt out by instantaneous high voltage.
The invention combines a common mode signal suppression circuit, an anti-reverse connection circuit, a reverse follow current circuit and an overvoltage suppression protection circuit together, adopts the double triodes to realize the signal turn-off control function after overvoltage, adopts the double MOS tubes to realize the elimination function of reverse current, and effectively avoids the circuit damage caused by the problems of reverse connection of a power supply, overlarge voltage and the like.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An overvoltage suppression protection and reverse connection prevention circuit is characterized by comprising a common-mode signal suppression circuit, a reverse connection prevention circuit and an overvoltage suppression protection circuit;
the input of the power supply is input to the reverse connection preventing circuit after common mode interference signals are filtered by the common mode signal inhibiting circuit, the reverse connection preventing circuit normally outputs voltage to the overvoltage inhibiting protection circuit when the connected polarities of the positive end and the negative end of the power supply are correct, and does not output voltage to the overvoltage inhibiting protection circuit at the rear end when the polarities of the positive end and the negative end of the power supply are reversed;
when the received input voltage is in a set range, the overvoltage suppression protection circuit outputs voltage to a post-stage circuit; when the received input voltage exceeds a set range, no output voltage exists;
the reverse follow current circuit is also included, when the rear-stage circuit is connected with an inductive load and is powered off, the reverse current generated by the inductive load is discharged by the reverse follow current circuit;
the reverse connection preventing circuit comprises a reverse connection preventing unit circuit and a reverse connection preventing unit circuit which is mirrored with the reverse connection preventing unit circuit;
the anti-reverse unit circuit comprises a third voltage stabilizing diode, a fourth MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube, a third resistor and a seventh resistor; the anode of the third voltage-stabilizing diode is respectively connected with the source electrode of the fourth MOS tube and the negative voltage end output by the common-mode signal suppression circuit, and the cathode of the third voltage-stabilizing diode is respectively connected to the positive voltage end of the common-mode signal suppression circuit, the reverse follow current circuit and the overvoltage suppression protection circuit through a third resistor; the grid electrode of the MOS tube is respectively connected with the cathode of the third voltage stabilizing diode and the reverse freewheeling circuit through a seventh resistor, and the drain electrode of the fourth MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of the MOS tube of the corresponding mirror image in the anti-backflow unit circuit;
the backflow prevention unit circuit comprises a fourth voltage stabilizing diode, a fifth MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube, a fourth resistor and an eighth resistor; the anode of the fourth voltage stabilizing diode is respectively connected with the source electrode of the fifth MOS transistor and the ground, and the cathode of the fourth voltage stabilizing diode is respectively connected into the reverse follow current circuit and the overvoltage suppression protection circuit through a fourth resistor; the grid electrode of the fifth MOS tube is connected with the cathode of the fourth voltage stabilizing diode through an eighth resistor, and the drain electrode of the fifth MOS tube is connected with the drain electrode of one MOS tube of the corresponding mirror image in the anti-reverse unit circuit.
2. The overvoltage suppression protection and reverse connection prevention circuit according to claim 1, wherein the common mode signal suppression circuit comprises a common mode inductor and a second capacitor; the positive end and the negative end of the power supply are respectively connected to two ends of the second capacitor through the common mode inductor, and the common mode electromagnetic interference signals and the impurity waves filtered by the common mode inductor and the second capacitor are output to the reverse connection preventing circuit.
3. The overvoltage suppression protection and reverse connection prevention circuit according to claim 1, wherein the overvoltage suppression protection circuit comprises a first voltage stabilizing diode, a second voltage stabilizing diode, a first triode, a third triode, a second MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) transistor, a fifth capacitor, a second resistor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a ninth resistor and a tenth resistor; cathodes of the first voltage stabilizing diode and the second voltage stabilizing diode, an emitting electrode of the first triode, a source electrode of the second MOS tube and one end of the second resistor are connected to a voltage end output by the reverse connection preventing circuit, and the other end of the second resistor is connected to a base electrode of the first triode; the anode of the second voltage-stabilizing diode is grounded through a sixth resistor and a tenth resistor which are connected in series, the sixth resistor and the tenth resistor are connected in series and then are connected to the base of a third triode after voltage division, the emitter of the third triode is grounded, and the collector of the third triode is connected to the base of the first triode through a fifth resistor; the collector of the first triode is respectively connected to the anode of the first diode, the grid of the second MOS tube and one end of a ninth resistor, and the other end of the ninth resistor is grounded; the drain electrode of the second MOS tube is used as an output positive terminal, and is grounded through a fifth capacitor to be used as an output negative terminal.
4. The overvoltage suppression protection and reverse connection prevention circuit according to claim 1, wherein the reverse free-wheeling circuit comprises a first capacitor, a first inductor, a first diode and a first resistor; one end of the first resistor is connected with the reverse connection preventing circuit, the other end of the first resistor is connected with the anode of the first diode, and the cathode of the first diode is respectively connected with one end of the first inductor and the reverse connection preventing circuit; the other end of the first inductor is an inductive load output end and is grounded through the first capacitor to be used as an inductive load output ground.
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| CN202011334343.3A CN112421595B (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2020-11-25 | Overvoltage suppression protection and reverse connection prevention circuit |
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| CN202011334343.3A CN112421595B (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2020-11-25 | Overvoltage suppression protection and reverse connection prevention circuit |
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| CN112421595A CN112421595A (en) | 2021-02-26 |
| CN112421595B true CN112421595B (en) | 2022-12-23 |
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| CN115347545B (en) * | 2022-10-18 | 2023-03-24 | 杭州奥创光子技术有限公司 | Power supply system protection circuit based on cascade boost protection |
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| CN201256290Y (en) * | 2008-08-04 | 2009-06-10 | 研祥智能科技股份有限公司 | Protection circuit for suppressing surge current and preventing input voltage reverse connection |
| JP5502216B1 (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-05-28 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Branch power supply control device and branch power control method for electric load |
| CN108574274B (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2021-08-24 | 深圳市几米物联有限公司 | Power supply protection circuit applied to vehicle-mounted tracker |
| CN208904649U (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2019-05-24 | 南京优倍电气有限公司 | A kind of power supply overvoltage protection circuit of high pressure barricade |
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