CN112421160A

CN112421160A - High-energy lithium battery and large energy storage system comprising same

Info

Publication number: CN112421160A
Application number: CN202011405025.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 雷政军; 郭鸿香
Original assignee: National Electric Energy Storage Holdings Ltd
Current assignee: National Electric Energy Storage Holdings Ltd
Priority date: 2020-12-04
Filing date: 2020-12-04
Publication date: 2021-02-26
Also published as: WO2022116910A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-energy lithium battery and a large energy storage system comprising a plurality of high-energy lithium batteries, wherein the large energy storage system can adjust the temperature and prevent thermal runaway. The high-energy lithium battery is used for storing generated electricity and comprises a battery cell and a shell for accommodating the battery cell, wherein the energy of the battery cell is more than 2KWh, and an explosion venting component is arranged on the shell. The large-scale energy storage system is characterized in that a plurality of high-energy lithium batteries are soaked in battery tanks filled with heat conduction absorption liquid, a liquid inlet of each battery tank is connected with a liquid outlet of the other battery tank, and the battery tanks, a liquid supplementing box, a liquid pump and a cooling and heating tower are connected through liquid pipelines to form the large-scale energy storage system. And in a normal working state, the working temperature of the high-energy lithium battery can be adjusted through the heat-conducting absorption liquid. When taking place thermal runaway, the part that explodes of letting out of high energy lithium cell takes place to break, lets battery pack in the casing and external environment as much as possible contact, lets inflammable substance such as the electrolyte of high energy lithium cell dissolve heat conduction absorption liquid rapidly, can terminate the inside thermal runaway reaction of electricity core rapidly, avoids letting whole battery system take place thermal runaway's risk.

Description

High-energy lithium battery and large energy storage system comprising same

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a high-energy lithium battery having a function of preventing thermal runaway and a large-sized energy storage system including a plurality of the high-energy lithium batteries.

Background

The power system of the power generation enterprise is characterized in that the generated energy is stable and continuous every moment every day, the power consumption is variable, and the power consumption has wave crests and wave troughs for many times every day. In various energy storage schemes, the electricity storage cost of a lithium ion battery energy storage system is most probably lower than the average electricity generation cost, but the following two problems need to be overcome to achieve the aim of large-scale use of the lithium ion battery energy storage system.

Firstly, the problem of catching fire by thermal runaway initiation, lithium ion battery is overcharging, the short circuit, when overheated or when manufacturing the defect, all can cause the inside short circuit of positive negative pole, cause inside a large amount of gas and the heat of producing in the twinkling of an eye of electric core, battery is inside diaphragm under high temperature, the burning of battery thermal runaway that components such as electrolyte caused takes place to react, electric core cathode material can produce a large amount of combustible gas when thermal runaway, cause the battery box to tear or explode, a large amount of oxygen participate in the burning and can lead to the thermal runaway diffusion aggravation, thereby cause and form large tracts of land conflagration and be difficult to restrain, the harm.

To the problem, the method for preventing thermal runaway commonly used at present is that a gas extinguishing agent or a water mist extinguishing agent shower head is arranged outside a battery module in a battery box, the fire extinguishing and cooling effects are achieved by spraying the extinguishing agent, and the fire extinguishing effect of the water mist extinguishing agent is better than that of the gas extinguishing agent relatively.

There are also many patents on fire extinguishing, such as CN 111384341A, CN 207353319U, CN 211428305U patent, which achieve the effects of temperature reduction and fire extinguishing by directly spraying fire extinguishing agent to the battery module through a nozzle in the tank, and CN 111640891 a patent, which is a patent, wherein the battery module is immersed in a static insulating liquid fire extinguishing agent, and the insulating liquid fire extinguishing agent has no temperature regulating effect during normal operation, but can perform the function of fire extinguishing when the battery is out of control due to heat. At present conventional lithium cell core all has to let out and explodes the valve, and let out the bore of exploding the valve very little, when taking place the thermal runaway, have a large amount of gas from letting out and explode the valve and discharge, inside the fire extinguishing agent can't reach electric core, and the inside high temperature reaction of electric core can continuously increase, still has the risk that causes adjacent electric core to take place the thermal runaway, and the structure of above-mentioned patent is all very complicated, and the cost is very high.

And secondly, the problem of working temperature, the commercial secondary lithium battery electrolyte is mainly formed by mixing ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and lithium hexafluorophosphate. Wherein, because lithium hexafluorophosphate can be decomposed at a temperature of above 60 ℃, carbonate solvents such as dimethyl carbonate are low-flash-point and volatile organic solvents, when the temperature is higher than 55 ℃, heat accumulation can be caused to cause thermal runaway, and the efficiency and the service life of the lithium ion battery can be obviously influenced due to too low temperature, so that the control of the working environment of the lithium ion battery is of great importance.

For the problem, the current common temperature control method adopts electric heating when the temperature is too low, and adopts air cooling and water cooling for heat dissipation when the temperature is too high, so that the heat dissipation effect of the water cooling is far better than that of the air cooling.

Many patents related to water cooling, such as CN 203895574 and UCN 106058383A, CN 207052730U, CN 108023140A, CN 110379974A, all use a water cooling method to cool, and the core of the patent is to place a single battery cell or battery module in a sealed battery compartment, and cool water surrounds the battery compartment to cool, and the cooling water does not directly contact with the battery cell, which makes the heat exchange efficiency lower, and the structures of the above patents are complex and the cost is high.

When the lithium battery is applied to large-scale power energy storage, particularly when a high-energy battery is used, the lithium battery puts higher requirements on temperature control and safety due to the large number of batteries.

The current technology and patent are only suitable for small-energy battery cells, and the maximum energy of the current lithium battery cell is 0.6KWh, and is usually about 0.2 KWh. The existing large-scale energy storage system is in urgent need of improvement, and a high-energy battery which can be effectively used for generating electricity and storing electricity is lacked.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an effective solution for the technical problems that the thermal runaway easily causes danger, the temperature control is difficult and the like during the storage of the generated electricity.

One aspect of the present invention relates to a high energy lithium battery having a thermal runaway prevention structure for storing generated power, which includes a cell having an energy of 2KWh or more and a case accommodating the cell, and an explosion venting part provided on the case and ruptured when thermal runaway occurs to rapidly release electrolyte.

Preferably, the energy of the high energy lithium battery is between 5KWh and 30 KWh.

Preferably, the housing is an aluminium alloy having a thickness in the range of 5-15 mm.

Preferably, the housing comprises an upper housing and a lower housing which are fixedly connected, and the explosion venting component is arranged below the upper housing.

Preferably, the explosion venting part is arranged at the joint of the upper shell and the lower shell.

Preferably, the upper shell and the lower shell of the high-energy lithium battery are connected together through threads, and the explosion venting pressure is controlled through the width and the size of the threads.

Preferably, the upper shell and the lower shell of the high-energy lithium battery are connected through interference fit, and the explosion venting pressure is controlled through the tightness of the interference fit.

Preferably, the upper shell is provided with a narrowed bottleneck with a small diameter, the bottleneck is in threaded connection with the sealing cover, and the bottleneck is a passage for passing leads of the anode and the cathode of the internal connection battery core and an electrolyte injection port.

Preferably, a sensor is arranged in the high-energy lithium battery and used for sensing whether the battery cell works normally, and a lead outlet of the sensor is consistent with a lead outlet of the positive electrode and a lead outlet of the negative electrode.

The invention further provides a battery tank for a large-scale energy storage system, which comprises a plurality of the high-energy lithium batteries, wherein the battery tank is filled with a heat conduction absorption liquid, and the high-energy lithium batteries are completely soaked in the heat conduction absorption liquid.

Preferably, the heat-conducting absorption liquid has a high decomposition temperature and a high heat capacity, and can dissolve or chemically react with flammable substances such as an electrolyte in a high-energy lithium battery to change the flammable substances into nonflammable liquid substances.

Preferably, the heat-conducting absorption liquid is water, silicone oil or other liquid capable of dissolving or reacting with the electrolyte.

Preferably, the heat-conducting absorption liquid is to enable the high-energy lithium battery to be completely soaked in the heat-conducting absorption liquid and is higher than the explosion venting surface by more than 20 centimeters.

Preferably, an exhaust pipe is provided at an upper portion of the battery can, and when thermal runaway of the battery occurs, gas that is not absorbed by the thermally conductive absorbent is discharged from the exhaust pipe.

Preferably, a temperature sensor is arranged in the battery jar and used for monitoring the temperature of the heat conduction absorption liquid in the battery jar.

Preferably, be provided with the warning light on the battery jar, in case there is the thermal runaway of high energy lithium cell to take place, the warning light can twinkle and the jingle bell.

Preferably, the battery can is coated with an insulating material on the outside.

Preferably, the battery can has any one of a square shape, a rectangular shape, and a circular shape.

In a final aspect of the present invention, a large-scale energy storage system is provided, which comprises a plurality of battery tanks connected by liquid pipelines, wherein a liquid outlet of each battery tank is connected with a liquid inlet of an adjacent battery tank and connected to a temperature control device, and heat-conducting absorption liquid of the whole system is connected to form a circulation loop through the liquid pipelines.

Preferably, the energy storage system further comprises a liquid supplementing tank, a liquid pump and a cold-hot tower.

According to the prior art, the maximum energy of the current lithium battery cell is 0.6KWh, and is usually about 0.2 KWh. The energy of the high-energy lithium battery is more than 2KWh, preferably between 5KWh and 30KWh, so that under the condition of single equal energy, most of devices such as a battery rack, a battery box, a battery protection plate and the like can be omitted, and the cost of pulling the whole battery pack is greatly reduced.

According to prior art, lithium cell casing all has to let out and explodes the valve, and when lithium cell electricity core took place thermal runaway, a large amount of heats that its produced let out from letting out and exploding the valve, and the casing is complete all the time, and inflammable substance such as electrolyte in the casing do not contact with the external world. The high-energy lithium battery comprises an upper shell and a lower shell which are pressure-resistant parts, and when the high-energy lithium battery is out of control due to heat, the upper shell and the lower shell of the high-energy lithium battery are rapidly separated due to the rupture of an explosion venting part, so that inflammable substances such as electrolyte in the high-energy lithium battery are exposed to the external environment.

According to prior art, the lithium cell often does not possess waterproof function, meets the water back and appears the battery internal circuit short circuit easily and lead to the condition of unable work, influences lithium cell normal use and life. The positive electrode and the negative electrode of the high-energy lithium battery can be led out from the bottle opening of the shell through the copper lead, are tightly sealed and can be soaked in liquid for a long time.

According to prior art, the lithium cell is when cooling down through the liquid cooling mode, arranges sealed battery compartment in with single electric core or battery module in, and cold liquid is cooled down around battery compartment, and cold liquid and electric core direct contact not, and the heat exchange efficiency that this made is lower. The shell of the high-energy lithium battery in the battery jar is in direct contact with the heat-conducting absorption liquid, so that the heat exchange efficiency is greatly improved.

According to prior art, when the lithium cell takes place thermal runaway, reach cooling and fire control effect to battery module direct injection fire extinguishing agent through the shower nozzle at the incasement, and the lithium cell all has to let out and explodes the valve, and let out and explode the bore of valve very little, when taking place thermal runaway, have a large amount of gas and explode the valve discharge from letting out, inside the fire extinguishing agent can't reach electric core, and the inside thermal runaway reaction of electric core can continuously increase, still have the risk that causes adjacent electric core and even whole battery system to take place thermal runaway. According to the battery tank and the large-scale energy storage system, when the thermal runaway of the high-energy lithium battery occurs, the upper shell and the lower shell are rapidly separated due to the rupture of the explosion venting component, so that the battery assembly in the shell is in contact with the external environment as much as possible, inflammable substances such as electrolyte and the like of the high-energy lithium battery are rapidly dissolved in the heat-conducting absorption liquid, the thermal runaway reaction in the battery core can be rapidly stopped, and the risk of the thermal runaway of the whole battery system is avoided.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a high-energy lithium battery 1 according to the present invention; wherein fig. 1(a) is a front view of a high-energy lithium battery 1; fig. 1(b) is a sectional view of a high-energy lithium battery 1;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a large-scale energy storage system; wherein fig. 2(a) is a front view of the battery can; fig. 2(b) is a sectional view of the battery can at a-a plane; fig. 2(c) is a cross-sectional view of the E-E plane of the battery can; fig. 2(d) is a schematic diagram of a large energy storage system.

Description of reference numerals: 1. a high energy lithium battery; 11. an upper housing; 12. a lower housing; 13. a sealing ring A; 14. explosion venting surfaces; 15. a fixed flange; 16. a seal ring B; 17. sealing the cover; 18. a wire; 21. a battery can; 2111. an exhaust pipe; 2112. a liquid inlet pipe; 2113. a liquid outlet pipe; 2114. a battery holder; 2115. a support leg A; 2116. a tank body is arranged; 2117. feeding the tank body; 2118. a bolt assembly; 2119. a sealing ring A; 2120. a seal ring C; 2121. sealing a cover A; 2122. a wire sheath A; 22. heat conduction absorption liquid; 231. a cold-hot tower; 232. a liquid pump; 233. a liquid storage tank; 234. liquid pipeline

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

It should be understood that like reference numerals are used throughout the several figures to indicate like elements or elements of like functionality. Additionally, the drawings are intended to illustrate and not to limit the scope of the invention, and should not be taken to be to scale.

As shown in fig. 1(a) and 1(b), the upper case 11 and the lower case 12 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 of the present invention are connected by a screw thread, and a sealing ring 13 is provided on the screw thread, so that the space inside the case can be ensured to be in a sealed state. The upper shell 11 is provided with a small-diameter bottleneck which is a passage for the lead wires 18 of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the internal battery cell to pass through, and when the high-energy lithium battery 1 is assembled, the bottleneck can be used as a liquid injection port and a liquid supplement port, a sealing ring B16 is arranged between the bottleneck of the upper shell 11 and the sealing cover 17, and the bottleneck of the upper shell 11 is in threaded connection with the sealing cover 17, so that the high-energy lithium battery 1 can be ensured to have a waterproof function. The explosion venting component 14 is located at the joint of the upper shell 11 and the lower shell 12, when the heat generated by the high-energy lithium battery 1 is out of control, the explosion venting component 14 is wholly or locally thin and is broken, the upper shell 11 and the lower shell 12 are rapidly separated due to explosion venting pressure, and inflammable substances such as electrolyte inside the high-energy lithium battery are exposed to the external environment. A fixing flange 15 is welded to the upper case 11 of the high energy lithium battery 1 so that the high energy lithium battery 1 can be fixedly assembled.

The high energy lithium battery of the present invention is used for storage of electricity generated, including but not limited to, hydroelectric power generation, wind power generation, nuclear power generation, and the like.

Further, the energy of the high-energy lithium battery 1 in the above technical solution is 2KWh or more, preferably 5KWh to 30 KWh.

Further, the high-energy lithium battery 1 in the above technical solution is a lithium iron phosphate battery, and may also be a lithium cobalt oxide, other lithium metal oxides, or other lithium batteries.

Further, in the above technical solution, the upper casing 11 and the lower casing 12 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 are both pressure-resistant components, and the material is preferably aluminum alloy, the thickness is 5-15mm, and other metal materials and non-metal materials such as stainless steel with the same strength can be selected.

Further explaining, the upper shell 11 and the lower shell 12 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 described in the above technical solution are connected together by screw threads, and the explosion venting pressure is controlled by the width and the size of the screw threads.

Further, the upper case 11 and the lower case 12 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 described in the above technical solution may be connected by interference fit, and the explosion venting pressure is controlled by the tightness of the interference fit.

Further, the explosion venting component can adopt a grooving mode, and the thickness of the grooving is 20-50% of the wall thickness.

Further, in the above technical solution, the upper case 11 and the lower case 12 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 may be mechanically connected, and the sealing cover is fixed by pressing the rubber sealing ring between the upper case 11 and the lower case 12.

Further, in the high-energy lithium battery 1 in the above technical solution, the explosion venting component may also be located at any position of the side surface of the battery case. Because positive and negative electrode leads, sensor wiring and the like are arranged above the battery shell, in order to avoid damage to the components and ensure that inflammable substances such as electrolyte and the like are fully contacted with the heat-conducting absorption liquid during thermal runaway, the explosion venting component is preferably not arranged above the battery shell.

Further, in the high-energy lithium battery 1 in the above technical solution, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are connected from the bottle opening of the upper case through the copper lead 18, and the high-energy lithium battery is tightly sealed and has a waterproof function.

Further, in the above technical solution, the high energy lithium battery 1 may be provided with a sensing line to sense whether the battery cell is working normally, and the lead outlet is the same as the outlets of the positive and negative leads.

Further, the high-energy lithium battery 1 in the above technical solution may be welded with other assembling components such as the flange 15 on the housing according to the assembling requirement.

As shown in fig. 2(a), 2(b), 2(c) and 2(d), in the large energy storage system of the present invention, a plurality of high energy lithium batteries 1 provided by the present invention are connected to a battery bracket 3114 by bolts, an upper tank 2117, a gasket a2119 and a lower tank 2116 are connected together by a bolt assembly 2118, a battery tank 21 is filled with a heat conduction absorbing liquid 22, and all of the high energy lithium batteries 1 are submerged in the heat conduction absorbing liquid 22. The lead 18 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 penetrates out of a lead hole at the top end of the upper tank body 2117, a lead sleeve A2122 and a sealing ring C2120 are arranged in the lead hole at the upper end of the upper tank body 2117, and the sealing cover A2121 is connected with the upper tank body 2117 through threads. The large-scale energy storage system is composed of a plurality of battery tanks 21, a liquid outlet 2113 of each battery tank 21 is connected with a liquid inlet 2112 of another battery tank 21 and connected to a cold-hot tower 231, liquid of the whole system is connected into a circulation loop through a liquid pipeline 234, heat-conducting absorption liquid is heated or cooled in the cold-hot tower 231 according to the temperature of the heat-conducting absorption liquid 22, and the heat-conducting absorption liquid 22 with proper temperature is sent to each tank body by a liquid pump 232.

Thus, the high-energy lithium battery 1 directly exchanges heat with the heat conduction absorption liquid 22, and the purpose of circulating cooling is achieved. When the thermal runaway occurs in the high-energy lithium battery 1, the upper shell 11 and the lower shell 12 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 in the battery jar 21 are rapidly separated at the explosion venting surface 14, so that inflammable substances such as electrolyte in the high-energy lithium battery 1 are dissolved and absorbed by the heat-conducting absorption liquid 22, and the purpose of preventing the thermal runaway is achieved.

Further, in the above technical solution, after the battery jar 21 is filled with the heat-conducting absorption liquid 22, the liquid inlet pipe 212 and the liquid outlet pipe 213 are closed, and the battery jar can be used as an independent battery cabinet and can be used alone.

Further, the heat conducting absorption liquid 22 in the above technical solution needs to have a higher decomposition temperature and a larger heat capacity, and can dissolve and absorb flammable substances such as the electrolyte in the high-energy lithium battery 1, or chemically react with the flammable substances such as the electrolyte in the high-energy lithium battery 1, so that the flammable substances such as the electrolyte in the high-energy lithium battery 1 become nonflammable.

Further, the heat conductive absorption liquid 22 in the above technical solution may be water, silicon oil, or other liquid capable of dissolving or reacting with the electrolyte.

Further, the liquid level of the heat-conducting absorption liquid 22 in the above technical solution is preferably higher than the upper portion of the high-energy lithium battery 1, so that the high-energy lithium battery 1 can be completely immersed therein and is higher than the explosion venting surface by more than 20 cm, thereby effectively performing heat exchange and preventing thermal runaway.

Further, in the above technical solution, the battery can 21 has an exhaust pipe 2111 at the upper part, when the battery thermal runaway occurs, the gas which is not absorbed by the heat conduction absorbing liquid 22 can be exhausted from the exhaust pipe 2111, and the exhaust pipe 2111 can be directly connected to the outdoor, or can be communicated with the exhaust pipes 2111 of other battery cans 21, so as to uniformly treat the harmful gas therein.

Further, in the above technical solution, one or more temperature sensors are disposed in the battery can 21, and the temperature of the heat-conducting absorption liquid 22 in the battery can 21 is constantly monitored, and the temperature of the heat-conducting absorption liquid 22 is adjusted in order to ensure that the high-energy lithium battery 1 works in the optimal temperature range.

Further, in the above technical scheme, a warning lamp may be installed in the a-type battery can 21, and once the high-energy lithium battery 1 is out of control due to heat, the warning lamp may flash and ring to alert the staff, so that the staff can take the next step quickly.

Further, in the above technical solution, the connection mode of the plurality of battery cans 21 of the large energy storage system is a series connection mode, a parallel connection mode, or a combination mode of series connection and parallel connection.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents may be made to the embodiments of the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is to be covered by the claims.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of or equivalence to the invention are intended to be embraced therein.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a high energy lithium cell with prevent thermal runaway structure for the storage of electricity generation electric quantity, its includes electric core and the casing that holds electric core, the energy of electric core is more than 2KWh be provided with on the casing and let out and explode the part, when taking place thermal runaway it can break to let out and explode the part to make electrolyte release fast.

2. The high energy lithium battery of claim 1 wherein the energy of the high energy lithium battery is between 5KWh and 30 KWh.

3. A high energy lithium battery as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the casing is an aluminium alloy having a thickness in the range of 5-15 mm.

4. The high-energy lithium battery as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the battery case of the high-energy lithium battery is made of stainless steel, other metal materials or non-metal materials having the same strength as aluminum alloy.

5. The high energy lithium battery of any of claims 1-4 wherein the housing comprises a fixedly attached upper housing and a lower housing, the explosion venting member being disposed below the upper housing.

6. The high energy lithium battery of claim 5, wherein the explosion venting member is provided at a junction of the upper case and the lower case.

7. The high-energy lithium battery as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein the upper case and the lower case of the high-energy lithium battery are coupled together by screw threads, and the explosion venting pressure is controlled by the width and the size of the screw threads.

8. The high energy lithium battery as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein the upper case and the lower case of the high energy lithium battery are connected by interference fit, and the explosion venting pressure is controlled by the tightness of the interference fit.

9. The high-energy lithium battery as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein the upper case and the lower case of the high-energy lithium battery are mechanically connected, and the cap is fixed by pressing a rubber packing between the upper case and the lower case.

10. The high energy lithium battery of any of claims 1-9 wherein the explosion venting member is grooved with a thickness of 20-50% of the wall thickness.

11. The high energy lithium battery of any of claims 5-9 in which the upper case has a narrowed, small diameter mouth that is threaded to the closure, the mouth being a passage for the lead wires that interconnect the positive and negative electrodes of the cell and an electrolyte injection port.

12. The high-energy lithium battery as claimed in claim 11, wherein the positive and negative electrodes of the high-energy lithium battery are connected out of the opening of the case by wires, and the high-energy lithium battery is tightly sealed, has a waterproof function, and can be soaked in liquid for a long time.

13. The high energy lithium battery of any of claims 1-12 wherein the high energy lithium battery has a sensor mounted therein, the sensor being in direct contact with the electrolyte in the cell for sensing whether the cell is operating properly, and the lead outlets of the sensor are coincident with the positive and negative lead outlets.

14. A battery can for a large energy storage system, comprising a plurality of high energy lithium batteries according to any of claims 1 to 13, wherein the battery can is filled with a heat-conducting absorption liquid, and the high energy lithium batteries are all immersed in the heat-conducting absorption liquid.

15. The battery can of claim 14, wherein the heat conductive absorbent has a high decomposition temperature and a high heat capacity, and can dissolve or chemically react with flammable substances such as an electrolyte in a high energy lithium battery to change the flammable substances into nonflammable liquid substances.

16. The battery can of claim 15, wherein the thermally conductive absorbent fluid is water, silicone oil, or other fluid that dissolves or reacts with the electrolyte.

17. The battery can of any of claims 14-16, wherein the thermally conductive absorbent solution is such that the high energy lithium battery can be fully immersed therein and is above 20 cm above the explosion venting surface.

18. The battery can according to any one of claims 14 to 17, wherein an upper portion of the battery can is provided with an exhaust pipe from which gas that is not absorbed by the thermally conductive absorbent is discharged when thermal runaway of the battery occurs.

19. The battery can of any of claims 14-18, wherein a temperature sensor is disposed within the battery can for monitoring a temperature of the thermally conductive absorbent fluid within the battery can.

20. The battery can of any of claims 14-19, wherein the battery can is provided with a warning light that flashes and rings in the event of thermal runaway in the high energy lithium battery.

21. The battery can of any of claims 14-20, wherein the battery can is coated with an insulating material.

22. The battery can of any of claims 14-21, wherein the battery can is any one of square, rectangular, and circular.

23. A large energy storage system comprising a plurality of battery cans as claimed in any of claims 14 to 21 connected by fluid conduits, the fluid outlet of each battery can being connected to the fluid inlet of an adjacent battery can and connected to a temperature control device, the fluid of the entire system being connected by said fluid conduits to form a circulation loop.

24. The large scale energy storage system of claim 23, wherein the energy storage system further comprises a fluid replenishment tank, a liquid pump, and a hot and cold tower.