CN214589045U - High-energy lithium battery, battery tank comprising same and large-scale energy storage system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a high energy lithium cell, including a plurality of battery jar and large-scale energy storage system of this high energy lithium cell. The utility model discloses a high energy lithium cell is used for the storage of electricity generation electric quantity, and it includes electric core and the casing that holds electric core, the thickness of casing is in the 5-15mm scope the casing below is provided with lets out and explodes the part, when taking place the thermal runaway it can take place to break to let out and explode the part to make electrolyte release fast. The utility model discloses a large-scale energy storage system, it includes a plurality of battery jars that are equipped with the high energy lithium cell.

Description

High-energy lithium battery, battery tank comprising same and large-scale energy storage system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to a high energy lithium cell, including the battery jar and the large-scale energy storage system of a plurality of these high energy lithium cells for generating electricity quantity's storage.

Background

The power system of the power generation enterprise is characterized in that the generated energy is stable and continuous every moment every day, the power consumption is variable, and the power consumption has wave crests and wave troughs for many times every day. In various energy storage schemes, the electricity storage cost of a lithium ion battery energy storage system is most probably lower than the average electricity generation cost, but the following two problems need to be overcome to achieve the aim of large-scale use of the lithium ion battery energy storage system.

Firstly, the problem of catching fire by thermal runaway initiation, lithium ion battery is overcharging, the short circuit, when overheated or when manufacturing the defect, all can cause the inside short circuit of positive negative pole, cause inside a large amount of gas and the heat of producing in the twinkling of an eye of electric core, battery is inside diaphragm under high temperature, the burning of battery thermal runaway that components such as electrolyte caused takes place to react, electric core cathode material can produce a large amount of combustible gas when thermal runaway, cause the battery box to tear or explode, a large amount of oxygen participate in the burning and can lead to the thermal runaway diffusion aggravation, thereby cause and form large tracts of land conflagration and be difficult to restrain, the harmfulness is very big.

To the problem, the method for preventing thermal runaway commonly used at present is that a gas extinguishing agent or a water mist extinguishing agent shower head is arranged outside a battery module in a battery box, the fire extinguishing and cooling effects are achieved by spraying the extinguishing agent, and the fire extinguishing effect of the water mist extinguishing agent is better than that of the gas extinguishing agent relatively.

There are also many patents related to fire extinguishing, such as CN 111384341A, CN 207353319U, CN 211428305U patent, which achieve the effects of temperature reduction and fire extinguishing by directly spraying fire extinguishing agent to the battery module through a nozzle in the box, and also such as CN 111640891 a patent, which immerses the battery module in a static insulating liquid fire extinguishing agent, which has no temperature regulating effect during normal operation, but can perform the functions of temperature reduction and fire extinguishing when the battery is out of control due to heat. At present conventional lithium cell core all has to let out and explodes the valve, and let out the bore of exploding the valve very little, when taking place the thermal runaway, have a large amount of gas from letting out and explode the valve and discharge, inside the fire extinguishing agent can't reach electric core, and the inside high temperature reaction of electric core can continuously increase, still has the risk that causes adjacent electric core to take place the thermal runaway, and the structure of above-mentioned patent is all very complicated, and the cost is very high.

And secondly, the problem of working temperature, the commercial secondary lithium battery electrolyte is mainly formed by mixing ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate and lithium hexafluorophosphate. Wherein, because lithium hexafluorophosphate can be decomposed at a temperature of above 60 ℃, carbonate solvents such as dimethyl carbonate are low-flash-point and volatile organic solvents, when the temperature is higher than 55 ℃, heat accumulation can be caused to cause thermal runaway, and the efficiency and the service life of the lithium ion battery can be obviously influenced due to too low temperature, so that the control of the working environment of the lithium ion battery is of great importance.

For the problem, the current common temperature control method adopts electric heating when the temperature is too low, and adopts air cooling and water cooling for heat dissipation when the temperature is too high, so that the heat dissipation effect of the water cooling is far better than that of the air cooling.

Many patents related to water cooling, such as CN 203895574 and UCN 106058383A, CN 207052730U, CN 108023140A, CN 110379974A, all use a water cooling method to cool, and the core of the patent is to place a single battery cell or battery module in a sealed battery compartment, and cool water surrounds the battery compartment to cool, and the cooling water does not directly contact with the battery cell, which makes the heat exchange efficiency lower, and the structures of the above patents are complex and the cost is high.

When the lithium battery is applied to large-scale power energy storage, particularly when a high-energy battery is used, the lithium battery puts higher requirements on temperature control and safety due to the large number of batteries.

The current technology and patent are only suitable for small-energy battery cells, and the maximum energy of the current lithium battery cell is 0.6KWh, and is usually about 0.2 KWh. The existing large-scale energy storage system is in urgent need of improvement, and a high-energy battery which can be effectively used for generating electricity and storing electricity is lacked.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model discloses thermal runaway that exists when storing to aforementioned electricity generation electric quantity easily causes danger, the difficult technical problem such as temperature control has provided effectual solution means.

One aspect of the utility model relates to a high energy lithium cell for the storage of electricity generation quantity, it includes electric core and the casing that holds electric core, the thickness of casing is in 5-15mm scope the casing below is provided with lets out and explodes the part, when taking place the thermal runaway let out and explode the part and can take place to break to make electrolyte release fast.

Preferably, the energy of the high energy lithium battery is between 5KWh and 30 KWh.

Preferably, the housing comprises an upper housing and a lower housing which are fixedly connected, and the explosion venting component is arranged below the upper housing.

Preferably, the explosion venting part is arranged at the joint of the upper shell and the lower shell.

Preferably, the upper shell and the lower shell of the high-energy lithium battery are connected together through threads, and the explosion venting pressure is controlled through the width and the size of the threads.

Preferably, the upper shell and the lower shell of the high-energy lithium battery are connected through interference fit, and the explosion venting pressure is controlled through the tightness of the interference fit.

Preferably, the upper shell is provided with a narrowed bottleneck with a small diameter, the bottleneck is in threaded connection with the sealing cover, and the bottleneck is a passage for passing leads of the anode and the cathode of the internal connection battery core and an electrolyte injection port.

Preferably, a sensor is arranged in the high-energy lithium battery and used for sensing whether the battery cell works normally, and a lead outlet of the sensor is consistent with a lead outlet of the positive electrode and a lead outlet of the negative electrode.

Yet another aspect of the utility model provides a battery jar for large-scale energy storage system, it includes a plurality of aforementioned high energy lithium cells, the battery jar divide into jar body and lower jar of body, go up jar body and baffle constitution heat conduction chamber, heat conduction intracavity is equipped with heat-conducting liquid, the high energy lithium cell soaks in the heat-conducting liquid, the fire control chamber is constituteed with the baffle to the lower jar of body, and the fire control chamber is connected with the fire control pipeline.

Preferably, the heat conduction absorbing liquid is water.

Preferably, the fire fighting pipe is connected with a fire extinguishing agent device, which may be a gaseous fire extinguishing agent device or a liquid fire extinguishing agent device.

Preferably, the fire fighting pipeline is connected with an absorption tower and is used for absorbing electrolyte and gas products generated due to thermal runaway.

Preferably, a temperature sensor is arranged in the battery jar and used for monitoring the temperature of the heat conduction absorption liquid in the battery jar.

Preferably, be provided with the warning light on the battery jar, in case there is the thermal runaway of high energy lithium cell to take place, the warning light can twinkle and the jingle bell.

Preferably, the battery can is coated with an insulating material on the outside.

Preferably, the battery can has any one of a square shape, a rectangular shape, and a circular shape.

The last aspect of the utility model provides a large-scale energy storage system, it includes a plurality of through the pipe connection the aforesaid arbitrary battery jar, the liquid outlet of jar body on every battery jar links to each other with the inlet of adjacent battery jar, the liquid of whole system connects into heat-conducting liquid circulation circuit through the liquid pipeline; and the lower tank body of each battery tank is connected with a fire-fighting pipeline.

Preferably, the heat transfer liquid circulation loop of the energy storage system further comprises a liquid supplementing tank, a liquid pump and a cooling and heating tower.

According to the prior art, the maximum energy of the current lithium battery cell is 0.6KWh, and is usually about 0.2 KWh. And high energy lithium cell's energy more than 2KWh, preferably between 5KWh-30KWh, like this under single equal energy, the utility model discloses a device such as most of battery racks, battery box, battery protection shield can be saved to high energy lithium cell to reduce the cost of drawing whole group battery by a wide margin.

According to prior art, the lithium battery shell all has to let out and explodes the valve, and when lithium battery electricity core took place the thermal runaway, a large amount of heats that its produced were let out from letting out and exploding the valve, and the casing is complete all the time, and combustible substance such as electrolyte in the casing do not contact with the external world. And high energy lithium cell constitute by last casing and lower casing, it is withstand voltage part, when high energy lithium cell takes place the thermal runaway, high energy lithium cell last casing and lower casing owing to let out to explode the part and break and separate rapidly, let inflammable substance such as the inside electrolyte of high energy lithium cell expose in external environment.

According to prior art, the lithium cell often does not possess waterproof function, meets the water back and appears the battery internal circuit short circuit easily and lead to the condition of unable work, influences lithium cell normal use and life. And the positive negative pole of high energy lithium cell can be drawn forth from the bottleneck of casing by copper wire, it is sealed tight, can soak in liquid for a long time.

According to prior art, the lithium cell is when cooling down through the liquid cooling mode, arranges sealed battery compartment in with single electric core or battery module in, and cold liquid is cooled down around battery compartment, and cold liquid and electric core direct contact not, and the heat exchange efficiency that this made is lower. And the shell and the heat conduction liquid direct contact of the high energy lithium cell in the battery jar to increase substantially heat exchange efficiency.

According to prior art, when the lithium cell takes place thermal runaway, reach cooling and fire control effect to battery module direct injection fire extinguishing agent through the shower nozzle at the incasement, and the lithium cell all has to let out and explodes the valve, and let out and explode the bore of valve very little, when taking place thermal runaway, have a large amount of gas and explode the valve discharge from letting out, inside the fire extinguishing agent can't reach electric core, and the inside thermal runaway reaction of electric core can continuously increase, still have the risk that causes adjacent electric core and even whole battery system to take place thermal runaway. And according to the utility model discloses a battery jar and large-scale energy storage system, when high energy lithium cell takes place the thermal runaway, the casing breaks and separates rapidly owing to letting out the part of exploding under it, can let inflammable substance such as the electrolyte of high energy lithium cell be guided rapidly to the fire control pipeline that has the fire extinguishing agent in, can terminate the inside thermal runaway reaction of electric core rapidly, avoid letting whole battery system take place the risk of thermal runaway.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which form a part of the present application, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.

FIG. 1(a) is a front view of a high energy lithium battery; FIG. 1(b) is a cross-sectional view of a high energy lithium battery;

fig. 2(a) is a front view of a battery can; fig. 2(B) is a sectional view of the battery can taken along the plane B-B; fig. 2(C) is a cross-sectional view of the battery can at plane C-C; fig. 2(d) is a schematic diagram of an energy storage system.

Description of reference numerals: 1. a high energy lithium battery; 11. an upper housing; 12. a lower housing; 13. a sealing ring A; 14. an explosion venting component; 15. a fixed flange; 16. a seal ring B; 17. sealing the cover; 18. a wire; 21. a battery can; 2111. a fire port; 2112. a liquid inlet pipe; 2113. a liquid outlet pipe; 2114. a partition plate; 2115. a support leg; 2116. a tank body is arranged; 2117. feeding the tank body; 2118. a bolt assembly; 2119. a gasket B; 2120. a seal ring D; 2121. sealing the cover; 2122. a wire guide sleeve; 221. a liquid storage tank; 222. a cold-hot tower; 223. a liquid pump; 224. a liquid pipe; 231. a fire suppressant device; 232. a fire conduit; 233. a pump; 234. an absorption tower.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments.

It should be understood that like reference numerals are used throughout the several figures to indicate like elements or elements of like functionality. Additionally, the drawings are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure, which is not to be construed as to scale.

As shown in fig. 1(a) and fig. 1(b), the upper casing 11 and the lower casing 12 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 of the present invention are connected by screw threads, and the screw threads are provided with a sealing ring 13, so that the space inside the casing can be ensured to be in a sealed state. The upper shell 11 is provided with a small-diameter bottleneck which is a passage for the lead wires 18 of the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the internal battery cell to pass through, and when the high-energy lithium battery 1 is assembled, the bottleneck can be used as a liquid injection port and a liquid supplement port, a sealing ring B16 is arranged between the bottleneck of the upper shell 11 and the sealing cover 17, and the bottleneck of the upper shell 11 is in threaded connection with the sealing cover 17, so that the high-energy lithium battery 1 can be ensured to have a waterproof function. The explosion venting component 14 is located at the joint of the upper shell 11 and the lower shell 12, when the heat generated by the high-energy lithium battery 1 is out of control, the explosion venting component 14 is wholly or locally thin and is broken, the upper shell 11 and the lower shell 12 are rapidly separated due to explosion venting pressure, and inflammable substances such as electrolyte inside the high-energy lithium battery are exposed to the external environment. A fixing flange 15 is welded to the upper case 11 of the high energy lithium battery 1 so that the high energy lithium battery 1 can be fixedly assembled.

The utility model discloses a high energy lithium cell is used for the storage of electricity generation quantity, the electricity generation includes but not limited to hydroelectric power generation, wind power generation, nuclear power generation etc..

Further, the energy of the high-energy lithium battery 1 in the above technical solution is 2KWh or more, preferably 5KWh to 30 KWh.

Further, the high-energy lithium battery 1 in the above technical solution is a lithium iron phosphate battery, and may also be a lithium cobalt oxide, other lithium metal oxides, or other lithium batteries.

Further, in the above technical solution, the upper casing 11 and the lower casing 12 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 are both pressure-resistant components, and the material is preferably aluminum alloy, the thickness is 5-15mm, and other metal materials and non-metal materials such as stainless steel with the same strength can be selected. By selecting such a thickness range, the shell can have sufficient supporting strength and ensure that a large enough volume space is provided to meet the requirement of generating electricity and storing electricity.

Further explaining, the upper shell 11 and the lower shell 12 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 described in the above technical solution are connected together by screw threads, and the explosion venting pressure is controlled by the width and the size of the screw threads.

Further, the upper case 11 and the lower case 12 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 described in the above technical solution may be connected by interference fit, and the explosion venting pressure is controlled by the tightness of the interference fit.

Further, the explosion venting component can adopt a grooving mode, and the thickness of the grooving is 20-50% of the wall thickness.

Further, in the above technical solution, the upper case 11 and the lower case 12 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 may be mechanically connected, and the sealing cover is fixed by pressing the rubber sealing ring between the upper case 11 and the lower case 12.

Further, in the high-energy lithium battery 1 in the above technical solution, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are connected from the bottle opening of the upper case through the copper lead 18, and the high-energy lithium battery is tightly sealed and has a waterproof function.

Further, in the above technical solution, the high energy lithium battery 1 may be provided with a sensing line to sense whether the battery cell is working normally, and the lead outlet is the same as the outlets of the positive and negative leads.

Further, the high-energy lithium battery 1 in the above technical solution may be welded with other assembling components such as the flange 15 on the housing according to the assembling requirement.

As shown in fig. 2(a), 2(B), 2(c), 2(d), the utility model discloses a large-scale energy storage system is with a plurality of the utility model provides a high energy lithium cell 1 connects to baffle 2114 through bolted connection on, with last jar body 2117, sealed pad B2119, baffle 2114, lower jar body 2116 link together through bolt assembly 2118, goes up jar body 2117 and baffle 2114 and constitutes the heat conduction chamber, the heat conduction intracavity is equipped with the heat-conducting liquid, high energy lithium cell 1's last casing 11 soaks in the heat-conducting liquid, the fire control chamber is constituteed with the baffle to the lower jar body, high energy lithium cell 1's lower casing 12 is located the fire control intracavity, fire control chamber and fire-fighting pipe connection. The heat transfer liquid used herein may be any liquid that can function to lower the temperature, and water is preferably used in view of cost.

The lead wire 18 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 penetrates through the lead wire hole at the top end of the upper tank body 2117, the lead wire sleeve 2122 and the sealing ring D2120 are arranged in the lead wire hole at the upper end of the upper tank body 2117, and the sealing cover 2121 is connected with the upper tank body 2117 through threads. The large-scale energy storage system is composed of a plurality of battery tanks 21, a liquid outlet pipe 2113 of each battery tank 21 is connected with a liquid inlet pipe 2112 of another battery tank 21 and is connected to the liquid storage tank 221, the cold-hot tower 222 and the liquid pump 223, and heat conducting liquid of the whole system is connected into a circulation loop through the liquid pipe 224. The fire-fighting port 2111 of the lower tank body of each battery tank 21 is connected to the fire-fighting ports 2111 of the other battery tanks 21, the fire extinguishing agent device 231, the pump 233, and the absorption tower 234 through the fire-fighting pipe 232.

Thus, when the upper can 2117 of the battery can 21 is filled with the heat transfer liquid, most of the upper case 11 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 is submerged in the heat transfer liquid, so that the high-energy lithium battery 1 and the heat transfer liquid can directly exchange heat, thereby achieving the purpose of temperature control. When thermal runaway occurs in the high-energy lithium battery 1, the upper shell 11 and the lower shell 12 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 in the battery tank 21 are rapidly separated at the explosion venting part 14, the lower shell 12 of the high-energy lithium battery 1 is separated from the lower tank body, electrolyte and gas products inside the battery are guided into a fire-fighting pipeline, the fire extinguishing agent device 231 is started at the same time, the fire extinguishing agent is rapidly discharged into the fire-fighting pipeline, the pump is started at the same time, the electrolyte and the gas products generated due to the thermal runaway are discharged into the absorption tower 234 through the fire-fighting pipeline, and therefore the purpose of preventing the thermal runaway is achieved.

Further, in the large energy storage system according to the above technical solution, the connection manner of the partition 2114 and the high-energy lithium battery 1 is not limited to bolt connection, and may be other common manners such as welding.

Further, according to the large energy storage system in the above technical solution, a liquid fire extinguishing device or a gas fire extinguishing device may be provided in the fire fighting pipeline according to the property of the lithium battery, or a fire extinguishing device may not be provided.

Further, according to the properties of the lithium battery, the fire fighting pipe in the large energy storage system in the technical scheme can be directly discharged into the atmosphere without an absorption tower.

Further, in the above technical solution, one or more temperature sensors are disposed in the battery can 21, and the temperature of the heat-conducting liquid in the battery can 21 is constantly monitored, so that the temperature of the heat-conducting liquid is adjusted by the cold-hot tower 222, and the high-energy lithium battery 1 is ensured to work in the optimal temperature range.

Further, in the above technical scheme, a warning lamp may be installed in the battery can 21, and once the high-energy lithium battery 1 is out of control due to heat, the warning lamp may flash and ring to alert the worker, so that the worker can take the next step quickly.

Further, in the above technical solution, the connection mode of the plurality of battery cans 21 of the large energy storage system is a series connection mode, a parallel connection mode, or a combination mode of series connection and parallel connection.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: modifications and equivalents of the embodiments of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which should be construed as falling within the scope of the claims of the invention.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The embodiments disclosed above are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. All changes which come within the scope of the invention or which are equivalent to the scope of the invention are embraced by the invention.

Claims (22)

1. A high-energy lithium battery is used for storing generated electricity and is characterized by comprising an electric core and a shell for accommodating the electric core, wherein the thickness of the shell is in the range of 5-15mm, an explosion venting component is arranged below the shell, and the explosion venting component can be broken when thermal runaway occurs so as to quickly release electrolyte.

2. The high energy lithium battery of claim 1 wherein the energy of the high energy lithium battery is between 5KWh and 30 KWh.

3. The high energy lithium battery of claim 1 wherein the casing is an aluminum alloy, stainless steel of the same strength as the aluminum alloy, or a non-metallic material.

4. The high energy lithium battery of claim 1 wherein the housing comprises fixedly attached upper and lower housings, the explosion venting member being disposed below the upper housing.

5. The high energy lithium battery of claim 4, wherein the explosion venting member is provided at a junction of the upper case and the lower case.

6. The high-energy lithium battery as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein the upper case and the lower case of the high-energy lithium battery are coupled together by screw threads, and the explosion venting pressure is controlled by the width and the size of the screw threads.

7. The high energy lithium battery as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein the upper case and the lower case of the high energy lithium battery are connected by interference fit, and the explosion venting pressure is controlled by the tightness of the interference fit.

8. The high-energy lithium battery as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein the upper case and the lower case of the high-energy lithium battery are mechanically connected, and the cap is fixed by pressing a rubber packing between the upper case and the lower case.

9. The high-energy lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the explosion venting member is formed by notching, and the thickness of the notch is 20-50% of the wall thickness.

10. The high-energy lithium battery as claimed in claim 4, wherein the upper case has a narrowed small-diameter bottleneck, the bottleneck is in threaded connection with the cap, and the bottleneck is a passage for a lead internally connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the cell and a liquid injection port for electrolyte.

11. The high-energy lithium battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the positive and negative electrodes of the high-energy lithium battery are connected out of the opening of the case by leads, and the high-energy lithium battery is tightly sealed, has a waterproof function, and can be soaked in liquid for a long time.

12. The high-energy lithium battery of claim 1, wherein the high-energy lithium battery is provided with a sensor, the sensor is directly contacted with the electrolyte in the battery cell and used for sensing whether the battery cell is in normal operation, and the lead outlet of the sensor is consistent with the lead outlets of the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

13. A battery can for a large energy storage system, comprising a plurality of high energy lithium batteries according to claim 1, wherein the battery can is divided into an upper can and a lower can, the upper can and a partition form a heat conducting chamber, the heat conducting chamber contains a heat conducting liquid, the lower can and the partition form a fire fighting chamber, and the fire fighting chamber is connected to a fire fighting pipeline.

14. The battery can of claim 13, wherein the thermally conductive fluid is water.

15. The battery can of claim 13, wherein the fire conduit is connected to a gaseous fire suppressant device.

16. The battery can of claim 13, wherein the fire conduit is connected to a liquid fire suppressant device.

17. The battery can of claim 14, wherein the fire conduit is coupled to an absorption tower for absorbing electrolyte and gaseous products resulting from thermal runaway.

18. The battery can of claim 13, wherein a temperature sensor is disposed within the battery can for monitoring a temperature of the thermally conductive absorbent fluid within the battery can.

19. The battery can of claim 13, wherein the battery can is provided with a warning light that flashes and rings in the event of thermal runaway in the high energy lithium battery.

20. The battery can of claim 13, wherein the battery can is coated with an insulating material.

21. The battery can of claim 13, wherein the battery can is any one of square, rectangular, and circular.

22. A large-scale energy storage system, which is characterized in that the large-scale energy storage system comprises a plurality of battery tanks as claimed in claim 13 connected through pipelines, the liquid outlet of the tank body on each battery tank is connected with the liquid inlet of the adjacent battery tank, and the liquid of the whole system is connected into a circulation loop through a liquid pipeline; and the lower tank body of each battery tank is connected with a fire-fighting pipeline.

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