CN108987614B - Battery shell and battery - Google Patents

Battery shell and battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108987614B
CN108987614B CN201710397141.5A CN201710397141A CN108987614B CN 108987614 B CN108987614 B CN 108987614B CN 201710397141 A CN201710397141 A CN 201710397141A CN 108987614 B CN108987614 B CN 108987614B
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China
Prior art keywords
battery
shell
cover plate
case
inner shell
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CN201710397141.5A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN108987614A (en
Inventor
蒋露霞
王信月
程晗
周江涛
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Shenzhen BYD Auto R&D Co Ltd
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Shenzhen BYD Auto R&D Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201710397141.5A priority Critical patent/CN108987614B/en
Publication of CN108987614A publication Critical patent/CN108987614A/en
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Publication of CN108987614B publication Critical patent/CN108987614B/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/116Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
    • H01M50/124Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613Cooling or keeping cold
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/30Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Sealing Battery Cases Or Jackets (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a battery shell and a battery, wherein the battery shell comprises an inner shell and an outer shell positioned outside the inner shell, the heat conductivity of at least part of the outer shell is greater than that of part of the inner shell, the traditional thinking is broken through, and the battery shell is capable of being better suitable for a lithium ion battery, preventing heat in the battery from being accumulated and improving the cycle and safety performance of the battery in consideration of the complex environment in the battery, heat dissipation and the like.

Description

Battery shell and battery
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of batteries, in particular to a battery shell and a battery containing the battery shell.
Background
The lithium ion battery can be used as a power source of various portable devices, and can also be used as one of core components of hybrid vehicles and pure electric vehicles, and the safety performance of the lithium ion battery is increasingly emphasized by automobile manufacturers and battery manufacturers.
The battery inevitably generates heat energy in the use process, and if the heat energy cannot be discharged outside in time, the service life of the battery can be reduced, and the battery can explode even in serious conditions. Particularly for the application of the ternary battery, the ternary material can be decomposed at 200 ℃ to cause thermal runaway, which is the fatal weakness of the ternary battery, so that the battery can rapidly dissipate heat, and the heat is not accumulated and is a basic means for solving the thermal runaway. There are solutions for water or air cooling of battery modules or battery packs, but they still depend on the propagation speed of heat inside the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a battery shell which is not only well suitable for a lithium ion battery, but also can prevent heat in the battery from being accumulated, and can improve the cycle and safety performance of the battery, and the battery.
The inventor of the invention researches and discovers that the prior art does not consider the heat dissipation of the battery shell, the traditional shell-aluminum shell of the single battery is used in large quantity, and the improved scheme is only limited to coating an insulating layer, a corrosion-resistant layer and the like on the inner surface or the outer surface of the shell according to actual needs. The existing ternary batteries are used in large scale, the shell of each single battery needs to be reviewed again, if the heat dissipation efficiency is not high, the internal temperature of the battery is directly influenced, the internal heat of the battery cannot be dissipated quickly, and the cycle life of the battery is influenced; when the battery is abnormal, the heat in the battery cannot be quickly dissipated, so that the temperature of the battery continuously rises until the thermal runaway point of the battery, and potential safety hazards are caused. The heat dissipation of the single battery shell needs to be redefined, and the conventional shell is provided with heat dissipation parts, so that the occupied space inevitably influences the system capacity density of the power battery. The invention breaks through the traditional thinking, and provides the following technical scheme from the aspects of complex environment inside the battery, heat dissipation and the like:
the first object of the invention is to provide a battery shell, which comprises an inner shell and an outer shell positioned outside the inner shell, wherein the thermal conductivity of at least part of the outer shell is greater than that of part of the inner shell. The outer shell may be a completely covered inner shell, or may be a partially covered inner shell, that is, the outer shell is only arranged on a part of the surface of the inner shell.
Preferably, the thermal conductivity of the outer shell is 1.5 to 50 times the thermal conductivity of the inner shell.
Preferably, the battery case is an accommodating space formed by the battery cover plate and the case body.
In some embodiments, the battery cover plate includes an inner cover plate and an outer cover plate, the inner cover plate and the housing body form an inner housing, and the outer cover plate is an outer housing.
Preferably, the material of the inner cover plate is the same as that of the housing body.
In some embodiments, the battery cover plate includes an inner cover plate and an outer cover plate, the housing body includes an inner housing body and an outer housing body, the inner cover plate and the inner housing body form an inner housing, and the outer cover plate and the outer housing body form an outer housing.
Preferably, the material of the inner cover plate is the same as that of the inner housing body, and the material of the outer cover plate is the same as that of the outer housing body.
In some embodiments, the housing body includes an inner housing body and an outer housing body, the battery cover plate and the inner housing body form an inner housing, and the outer housing body is an outer housing.
Preferably, the material of the battery cover plate is the same as that of the inner case body.
Preferably, the thermal conductivity of the outer shell is 200-.
Preferably, the material of the outer shell is copper or a copper alloy.
Preferably, the material of the inner shell is stainless steel, aluminum or aluminum alloy.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a battery, which comprises a shell and a pole core positioned in the shell; wherein, the shell is the battery shell.
According to the battery shell, the composite battery shell with the inner layer and the outer layer is adopted, the inner shell meets the requirements of an electrochemical system, the shell is prevented from being corroded, and the battery shell can be reliably used in the whole life cycle of a battery; the shell body is made of a high-thermal-conductivity material, the strength is high, the thermal conductivity of the battery shell is improved, the strength of the battery shell is improved, heat generated when the battery is abnormal can be quickly dissipated, the temperature of the battery is controlled below a thermal runaway point, potential safety hazards of the battery can be avoided, and real safety is achieved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery case structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a battery case according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery case according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery case according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery case according to another embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein,
a battery cover plate 1; an inner cover plate 11; an outer cover plate 12;
a housing body 2; an inner housing body 21; an outer case body 22;
a positive electrode terminal 3; a negative electrode terminal 4;
a weld seam 5.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects solved by the present invention more clearly apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The main improvement of the present invention is in the battery case. The battery shell adopts a composite shell, and comprises an inner shell and an outer shell positioned outside the inner shell, wherein the outer shell can be a completely-coated inner shell or a partially-coated inner shell, namely the outer shell is arranged on the surface of only part of the inner shell. The invention preferably selects at least part of the outer shell with thermal conductivity larger than that of part of the inner shell, can quickly dissipate heat generated when the battery is abnormal, and controls the temperature of the battery below a thermal runaway point, thereby completely eradicating the potential safety hazard of the battery and achieving real safety. Preferably, the thermal conductivity of the outer shell is 1.5 to 50 times the thermal conductivity of the inner shell.
Generally, a battery case is a housing space formed by enclosing a battery cover 1 and a case body 2.
The housing body 2 may be open at one end as shown in fig. 1, 3 and 4, or the housing body 2 may be open at both ends as shown in fig. 2 and 5. If the battery cover plate 1 is open at one end, the battery cover plate is generally one, i.e. the electrode terminal is led out at one end. If the two ends of the battery cover plate are open, the two battery cover plates 1 are generally two, and if the two opposite ends of the shell body 2 are open, the two battery cover plates 1 are packaged, and electrode terminals are respectively led out from the two ends of the battery. Other parts on the shell body 2 are not limited in the invention, and various existing structures can be adopted, for example, notches can be further arranged on the shell body 2 for pressure relief, so that the potential safety hazards of combustion or explosion caused by accumulation of a large amount of gas and temperature rise in the interior of the shell body when the pole core in the shell body is subjected to violent reaction due to accidental operation are solved, and the description is omitted. The shape of the housing body 2 is not limited, and may be, for example, a rectangular hollow structure with one or both ends open.
The battery cover plate 1 is correspondingly arranged at the opening of the shell body 2, the battery cover plate 1 and the shell body 2 are welded to form a closed accommodating space, and the pole core is packaged in the accommodating space in advance. The invention is not limited, and the battery cover plate 1 can adopt various existing structures, for example, the battery cover plate 1 can be also provided with an explosion-proof valve which is used for solving the potential safety hazard that when the internal pole core is subjected to violent reaction caused by accidental operation, combustion or explosion occurs due to accumulation of a large amount of gas in the battery cover plate 1 and temperature rise, and the battery can not be reused after the general explosion-proof valve is started. The general battery cover plate 1 is also provided with a liquid injection hole so as to conveniently inject electrolyte into the battery through the liquid injection hole after the battery is packaged. After liquid injection and formation, the liquid injection hole is sealed through steel balls or other sealing components to form a completely sealed space inside the battery. The other components thereof will not be described in detail herein. The electrode terminal penetrating through the electrode hole is electrically connected with the battery internal pole core and used for leading out the battery internal current, and the electrode terminal penetrates through the electrode hole to be insulated and sealed with the battery cover plate 1. The electrode terminal can be a positive electrode terminal 3 or a negative electrode terminal 4, the positive electrode terminal 3 is electrically connected to a positive tab on the pole piece through a positive electrode connecting piece, and the negative electrode terminal 4 is electrically connected to a negative tab on the pole piece through a negative electrode connecting piece. One or more electrode terminals may be provided on one battery cover plate 1, the polarities of the plurality of electrode terminals may be the same or different, and one or more electrode holes may be provided. The positive electrode terminal 3 and the negative electrode terminal 4 may be in the shape of a screw, a column, a sheet, or the like. The inner ends of the positive electrode terminal 3 and the negative electrode terminal 4 extend into the shell and are connected to the positive electrode lug and the negative electrode lug through the positive electrode connecting sheet and the negative electrode connecting sheet respectively; the outer ends of the positive electrode terminal 3 and the negative electrode terminal 4 are exposed out of the battery through the battery cover plate 1, so that an interface for supplying power to a load can be provided. The positive electrode terminal 3 and the negative electrode terminal 4 may be insulated from the battery lid plate 1. The shape of the battery cover plate 1 matches the shape of the case body 2, and may be, for example, a circle, a square, or a rounded square, and the present invention is not particularly limited.
In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the battery cover plate 1 includes an inner cover plate 11 and an outer cover plate 12, the inner cover plate 11 and the housing body 2 form an inner housing, the outer cover plate 12 is an outer housing, that is, only the battery cover plate 1 is the multi-layer structure of the present invention, and the housing body 2 may be a conventional structure, and the outer housing covers only a part of the inner cover plate 11. Preferably, the material of the inner cover plate 11 is the same as that of the case body 2, and the same material is easily connected, for example, easily welded. Specifically, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the battery cover plate 1 is correspondingly disposed at the opening of the housing body 2. As shown in fig. 1, the battery cover plate 1 provided with two electrode terminals is correspondingly disposed at the upper opening of the casing body 2, as shown in fig. 2, the two battery cover plates 1 respectively provided with one electrode terminal are correspondingly disposed at the upper and lower openings of the casing body 2, the inner cover plate 11 of the battery cover plate 1 is welded with the casing body 2 to form a welding seam 5, and a sealed accommodating space is formed for the battery casing, as shown in fig. 1, when the battery cover plate 1 is lapped on the end step of the casing body 2, for the convenience of welding, the outer casing is not covered near the welding position, that is, the outer casing does not completely cover the inner cover plate 11. The inner shell is preferably made of materials which meet the requirements of an electrochemical system, prevent the shell from being corroded and can be reliably used in the whole life cycle of the battery, and the materials comprise but are not limited to metals such as stainless steel, aluminum and the like and alloys thereof. Preferably, the thermal conductivity of the outer shell is 200-. The specific material of the outer cover plate 12, i.e. the outer shell, may be copper or copper alloy. Preferably, the material of the inner housing, i.e. the inner cover plate 11, is the same as the material of the housing body 2, and is preferably stainless steel, aluminum or aluminum alloy, etc. The battery cover plate 1 may be formed by stamping a composite plate, or by welding or bonding.
In other embodiments, the battery cover plate 1 includes an inner cover plate 11 and an outer cover plate 12, the case body 2 includes an inner case body 21 and an outer case body 22, the inner cover plate 11 and the inner case body 21 form an inner case, and the outer cover plate 12 and the outer case body 22 form an outer case, that is, the entire battery case adopts the multilayer structure of the present invention. Preferably, the material of the inner cover plate 11 is the same as that of the inner case body 21, and the material of the outer cover plate 12 is the same as that of the outer case body 22. As shown in fig. 3, the battery cover plate 1 is correspondingly disposed at the opening of the housing body 2. The inner cover plate 11 is welded with the inner shell body 21 to form a welding seam 5, the outer cover plate 12 is welded with the outer shell body 22 to form a welding seam 5, and the battery shell forms a sealed containing space. The inner shell is preferably made of materials which meet the requirements of an electrochemical system, prevent the shell from being corroded and can be reliably used in the whole life cycle of the battery, and the materials comprise but are not limited to metals such as stainless steel, aluminum and the like and alloys thereof. Preferably, the thermal conductivity of the outer shell is 200-. Specifically, the materials of the outer cover plate 12 and the outer shell body 22 are the same, and copper or copper alloy can be selected. Preferably, the materials of the inner cover plate 11 and the inner housing body 21 are the same and are conventional materials, preferably stainless steel, aluminum or aluminum alloy, etc. The battery cover plate 1 may be stamped from a composite plate or welded. The shell body 2 can be formed by stamping a composite plate or by bending and welding.
In some embodiments, the case body 2 includes an inner case body 21 and an outer case body 22, the battery cover plate 1 and the inner case body 21 form an inner case, the outer case body 22 is an outer case, that is, only the case body 2 is a multi-layer structure of the present invention, and the battery cover plate 1 may be a single-layer structure, and the outer case covers only a part of the inner case body 21. Preferably, the material of the battery cover plate 1 is the same as that of the inner case body 21. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the battery cover plate 1 is correspondingly disposed at the opening of the housing body 2. As shown in fig. 4, the battery cover plate 1 provided with two electrode terminals is correspondingly disposed at the upper end opening of the case body 2, as shown in fig. 5, the two battery cover plates 1 respectively provided with one electrode terminal are correspondingly disposed at the upper end opening and the lower end opening of the case body 2, the battery cover plate 1 is welded with the inner case body 21 of the case body 2 to form a welding seam 5, and the battery case body forms a sealed accommodating space, specifically, top welding can be adopted, as shown in fig. 4; side welding may also be used as shown in fig. 5. The inner shell is preferably made of materials which meet the requirements of an electrochemical system, prevent the shell from being corroded and can be reliably used in the whole life cycle of the battery, and the materials comprise but are not limited to metals such as stainless steel, aluminum and the like and alloys thereof. Preferably, the thermal conductivity of the outer shell is 300-. The specific material of the outer casing body 22, i.e. the outer casing, may be copper or copper alloy. Preferably, the material of the inner case, i.e., the battery cover plate 1, is the same as that of the inner case body 21, and is preferably stainless steel, aluminum alloy, or the like. The shell body 2 can be formed by stamping a composite plate or by bending and welding.
The invention also provides a battery, which comprises a shell and a pole core positioned in the shell; wherein, the shell is the battery shell. The pole core and the like of the battery of the invention are not limited, and can be known pole cores, and are not described in detail herein. According to the battery shell, the composite battery shell with the inner layer and the outer layer is adopted, the inner shell meets the requirements of an electrochemical system, the shell is prevented from being corroded, and the battery shell can be reliably used in the whole life cycle of a battery; the shell body is made of a high-thermal-conductivity material, the strength is high, the thermal conductivity of the battery shell is improved, the strength of the battery shell is improved, heat generated when the battery is abnormal can be quickly dissipated, the temperature of the battery is controlled below a thermal runaway point, potential safety hazards of the battery can be avoided, and real safety is achieved.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. A battery shell is characterized by comprising an inner shell and an outer shell positioned outside the inner shell;
the battery shell is an accommodating space formed by a battery cover plate and a shell body;
the battery cover plate is a composite plate and comprises an inner cover plate and an outer cover plate, the shell body is a composite plate and comprises an inner shell body and an outer shell body, the inner cover plate and the inner shell body form an inner shell, the outer cover plate and the outer shell body form an outer shell, and the thermal conductivity of the outer shell is greater than that of the inner shell;
the inner shell is made of aluminum or aluminum alloy;
the thermal conductivity of the outer shell is 1.5-50 times that of the inner shell;
the material of the inner cover plate is the same as that of the inner shell body, and the material of the outer cover plate is the same as that of the outer shell body.
2. The battery case as recited in claim 1, wherein the thermal conductivity of the outer case is 200-.
3. The battery case according to claim 1, wherein the material of the outer case is copper or a copper alloy.
4. A battery comprises a shell and a pole core positioned in the shell; characterized in that the housing is a battery housing according to any one of claims 1 to 3.
CN201710397141.5A 2017-05-31 2017-05-31 Battery shell and battery Active CN108987614B (en)

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CN108987614B true CN108987614B (en) 2022-02-08

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Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20200122630A (en) * 2019-04-18 2020-10-28 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 Secondary battery
KR102522106B1 (en) * 2019-06-10 2023-04-14 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 Cylindrical Secondary Battery with Multilayered Battery Case And Method of Manufacturing The Same

Citations (6)

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CN201247785Y (en) * 2008-07-25 2009-05-27 雷天电池技术有限公司 Lithium ion battery case with compound structure
CN201562696U (en) * 2009-10-31 2010-08-25 上海比亚迪有限公司 Housing for battery and battery thereof
JP5392951B2 (en) * 2009-06-18 2014-01-22 古河電池株式会社 Secondary battery
CN205882002U (en) * 2016-06-21 2017-01-11 江苏中兴派能电池有限公司 High -efficient radiating soft -packing battery module
CN206116464U (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-04-19 南通新联电子有限公司 A encapsulation of novel aluminum hull formula for lithium cell
CN206116462U (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-04-19 南通新联电子有限公司 Bilayer can radiating lithium cell aluminum hull

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3727840B2 (en) * 2000-09-29 2005-12-21 株式会社東芝 Battery pack and portable electronic device
JP2005251512A (en) * 2004-03-03 2005-09-15 Sanyo Electric Co Ltd Nickel-hydrogen storage battery
CN202275875U (en) * 2011-05-25 2012-06-13 杭州海孚新能源科技有限公司 Combined type shell structure of lithium ion battery

Patent Citations (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN201247785Y (en) * 2008-07-25 2009-05-27 雷天电池技术有限公司 Lithium ion battery case with compound structure
JP5392951B2 (en) * 2009-06-18 2014-01-22 古河電池株式会社 Secondary battery
CN201562696U (en) * 2009-10-31 2010-08-25 上海比亚迪有限公司 Housing for battery and battery thereof
CN205882002U (en) * 2016-06-21 2017-01-11 江苏中兴派能电池有限公司 High -efficient radiating soft -packing battery module
CN206116464U (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-04-19 南通新联电子有限公司 A encapsulation of novel aluminum hull formula for lithium cell
CN206116462U (en) * 2016-08-31 2017-04-19 南通新联电子有限公司 Bilayer can radiating lithium cell aluminum hull

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