CN112415035A - Method for measuring cadmium content in ratoon rice - Google Patents
Method for measuring cadmium content in ratoon rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN112415035A CN112415035A CN202011288544.4A CN202011288544A CN112415035A CN 112415035 A CN112415035 A CN 112415035A CN 202011288544 A CN202011288544 A CN 202011288544A CN 112415035 A CN112415035 A CN 112415035A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/223—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material by irradiating the sample with X-rays or gamma-rays and by measuring X-ray fluorescence
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/2202—Preparing specimens therefor
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for measuring cadmium content in ratoon rice, which comprises the following steps: planting regenerated rice seeds, harvesting first season rice and regenerated rice, and respectively measuring the first season rice and the regenerated rice. The invention respectively tests the first-season paddy and the regenerated paddy, thereby improving the accuracy of determination, realizing the rapid screening and inspection of cadmium in the first-season paddy and the regenerated paddy, improving the detection efficiency of cadmium, reducing the detection cost, being beneficial to rapidly judging the cadmium content in the first-season paddy and the regenerated paddy in any occasions, and further respectively carrying out corresponding field management on the first-season paddy and the regenerated paddy, thereby effectively reducing the cadmium content in the paddy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, in particular to a method for measuring cadmium content in ratoon rice.
Background
Rice is one of the most important grain crops in China, and rice production plays a first important role in guaranteeing the grain safety in China and plays a very important role in guaranteeing the grain safety in the world. However, with the acceleration of the industrial process and the development of social economy in China, the problem of heavy metal pollution in rice fields becomes more severe, the influence of heavy metal pollution on rice production becomes more severe, and the grain production safety is seriously threatened. Especially, the cadmium pollution problem of rice has become a serious problem which is receiving social attention. At present, the double-cropping rice cadmium pollution prevention and control technical method developed from the perspective of soil cultivation measures starts less, most of the double-cropping rice cadmium pollution prevention and control technical methods are used for carrying out overall determination after mixing first-cropping rice and ratooning rice, the effect is poor, and field management cannot be carried out in a targeted manner.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring cadmium content in ratoon rice, and aims to solve the problems that the prior art has few introduction of the double cropping rice cadmium pollution prevention and control technical method developed from the aspect of soil cultivation measures, most of the double cropping rice cadmium pollution prevention and control technical method is poor in effect and cannot perform field management in a targeted manner because the double cropping rice cadmium pollution prevention and control technical method is used for performing overall measurement after the first cropping rice and the ratoon rice are mixed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for measuring cadmium content in ratoon rice comprises the following steps:
s1: cultivating and planting the regenerated rice seeds to be tested, harvesting the first season rice after the first season rice is mature, and collecting and managing the first season rice for later use;
s2: cultivating the rice stakes, and cultivating the ratoon rice;
s3: harvesting after the regenerated rice is yellow and ripe, and collecting and managing the regenerated rice for later use;
s4: separately processing first season paddy and regenerated paddy, and respectively removing impurities and shelling to obtain brown rice; crushing brown rice to obtain a first season rice brown rice powder sample and a regenerated rice powder sample respectively;
s6: switching on a power supply of an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer for measurement, and preheating the instrument for 5-10 min;
s5: respectively weighing the first season rice brown rice powder sample and the regenerated rice powder sample with the same weight according to the instrument standard, wherein the weighing amount is 0.5-2g, and respectively placing the first season rice brown rice powder sample and the regenerated rice powder sample into a sample container A and a sample container B;
s7: sequentially placing a first season rice brown rice powder sample in the sample container A and a regenerated rice powder sample in the sample container B into a sample groove of an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer;
s8: covering the instrument, setting corresponding samples and measurement parameters according to the instrument standard for measurement, and displaying the measurement time and the cadmium content value of the sample by the instrument in real time;
s9: and judging the content range and the overproof condition of the cadmium according to the measuring time displayed by the instrument and the content value of the cadmium in the sample.
Preferably, the cultivation and planting of the ratoon rice specifically comprises the following steps:
s11 seed selection: selecting seeds with disease and insect resistance, lodging resistance, large ears, high seed setting rate, high quality, high yield and germination rate of more than 98%;
s12 selecting rice seedling beds: selecting field blocks with smooth irrigation and drainage, flat terrain, wind shielding, sun exposure, loose texture, water and air permeability and moderate fertility, selecting field blocks with convenient transportation, close to the field, convenient operation management and seedling transportation, and field blocks with wheat fields between tree rows or around;
s13 seed soaking and germination accelerating: before seed soaking and germination accelerating, sun-drying for 1-2 days, placing the sun-dried seeds in a dry and cool place for 15-20h, sterilizing for 20-30min by using a bactericide during seed soaking, then washing with clear water, and soaking the seeds in clear water for 24-36 h, wherein the seeds are exposed to white;
s14 field preparation: carrying out flattening and plowing treatment on a seedling bed, weeding the seedling bed after the treatment is finished, moistening soil 2-3 days after weeding is finished, keeping the humidity of the soil between 10-15%, and dividing the soil into a planting area and a drainage area;
s15 seedling culture: sowing seeds on a seedling raising tray, placing 4-7 seeds in the seedling tray at intervals, covering the seedling tray with thin soil, compacting, watering thoroughly, starting to raise seedlings, accelerating germination and promoting root at proper temperature, sowing the seeds into a field when the seeds are half grains long and the roots are 1 grain long, and transplanting the seeds by a machine to raise seedlings with proper length;
s16 rice transplanting: after the preliminary fertilization is carried out in the rice seedling field, the rice seedling is planted through a rice seedling transplanter;
s17 seedling management: wetting with shallow water before seedling aligning, irrigating with shallow water after seedling emergence, adding paclobutrazol in the two-leaf one-core period per mu, adding water and fine water, and spraying rapidly to dwarfing seedlings; topdressing a carbon-hydrogen nuclear fertilizer compound fertilizer per mu in the three-leaf period, applying farmyard manure 5-7 days before transplanting, and making the fertilizer to be applied to a field, preferably, 50-60g of 5% paclobutrazol is used per mu in the two-leaf one-core period, and 100kg of fine water is added for quick spraying to dwarfed autumn seedlings; 10-15kg of the carbon-hydrogen nuclear fertilizer compound fertilizer and 500-800kg of the carbon-hydrogen nuclear fertilizer per mu of farmyard manure are applied in the three-leaf period.
S18 pest control: spraying 400g of 100 billion live spores of bacillus thuringiensis per microliter of suspending agent per mu, and spraying 230g of 18 percent bisultap solution per mu at the A level; in the full-growth period of the rice planthoppers, 25-30g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 25-30g of 25% chlorpyrifos wettable powder is sprayed to A-grade acres.
Preferably, the bactericide used for seed soaking and germination acceleration is strong chlorine or seed soaking agent.
Preferably, the temperature range during seedling cultivation is 20-30 ℃, and the seedling cultivation time is 15-25 days.
Preferably, 6-8 days before harvesting the first season rice, 8-10 kg/mu of urea is applied to the field, and harvesting is carried out when 95-98% of grains are yellow-ripe.
Preferably, the cultivation of the ratoon rice is specifically as follows: after first season rice is harvested, weeds are removed in time, rice piles are righted, and 7-10kg of urea is applied to each mu; keeping the field moist within 10-12 days after harvesting the first season rice, keeping the field moist 20-25 days after harvesting, enabling the ratoon rice to enter a heading and flowering stage, keeping the surface of the field shallow water, and keeping the field dry and easy to sink to the feet in the later stage.
Preferably, the farmyard manure is animal manure that does not drip.
Preferably, the determination rule for determining the cadmium content range and the out-of-limit condition in step S9 is as follows: the result is expressed in three ways of not exceeding standard, exceeding standard and seriously exceeding standard according to 3 concentration ranges of cadmium in the rice: the concentration is less than 0.2mg/Kg and is recorded as not exceeding the standard; the concentration is between 0.2mg/Kg and 0.4mg/Kg, and two endpoints are marked as exceeding the standard; the concentration is more than 0.4mg/Kg and is marked as serious overproof.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method for measuring the cadmium content in the regenerated rice, the first-season rice and the regenerated rice are respectively tested, so that the measuring accuracy is improved, the rapid screening and inspection of the cadmium in the first-season rice and the regenerated rice are realized, the cadmium detection efficiency is improved, the detection cost is reduced, the rapid determination of the cadmium content in the first-season rice and the regenerated rice in any occasions is facilitated, the corresponding field management is respectively carried out on the first-season rice and the regenerated rice, and the cadmium content in the rice can be effectively reduced.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides the following technical scheme:
example 1
A method for measuring cadmium content in ratoon rice comprises the following steps:
s1: cultivating and planting the regenerated rice seeds to be tested, harvesting the first season rice after the first season rice is mature, and collecting and managing the first season rice for later use;
s2: cultivating the rice stakes, and cultivating the ratoon rice;
s3: harvesting after the regenerated rice is yellow and ripe, and collecting and managing the regenerated rice for later use;
s4: separately processing first season paddy and regenerated paddy, and respectively removing impurities and shelling to obtain brown rice; crushing brown rice to obtain a first season rice brown rice powder sample and a regenerated rice powder sample respectively;
s6: switching on a power supply of an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer for measurement, and preheating the instrument for 8 min;
s5: respectively weighing a first season rice brown rice powder sample and a regenerated rice powder sample with the same weight according to the instrument standard, wherein the weighing amount is 1g, and respectively placing the first season rice brown rice powder sample and the regenerated rice powder sample into a sample container A and a sample container B;
s7: sequentially placing a first season rice brown rice powder sample in the sample container A and a regenerated rice powder sample in the sample container B into a sample groove of an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer;
s8: covering the instrument, setting corresponding samples and measurement parameters according to the instrument standard for measurement, and displaying the measurement time and the cadmium content value of the sample by the instrument in real time;
s9: and judging the content range and the overproof condition of the cadmium according to the measuring time displayed by the instrument and the content value of the cadmium in the sample.
The cultivation and planting of the ratoon rice specifically comprises the following steps:
s11 seed selection: selecting seeds with disease and insect resistance, lodging resistance, large ears, high seed setting rate, high quality, high yield and germination rate of more than 98%;
s12 selecting rice seedling beds: selecting field blocks with smooth irrigation and drainage, flat terrain, wind shielding, sun exposure, loose texture, water and air permeability and moderate fertility, selecting field blocks with convenient transportation, close to the field, convenient operation management and seedling transportation, and field blocks with wheat fields between tree rows or around;
s13 seed soaking and germination accelerating: before seed soaking and germination accelerating, sun-drying for 1-2 days, placing the sun-dried seeds in a dry and cool place for 15-20h, sterilizing for 20-30min by using a bactericide during seed soaking, then washing with clear water, and soaking the seeds in clear water for 24-36 h, wherein the seeds are exposed to white;
s14 field preparation: carrying out flattening and plowing treatment on a seedling bed, weeding the seedling bed after the treatment is finished, moistening soil 2-3 days after weeding is finished, keeping the humidity of the soil between 10-15%, and dividing the soil into a planting area and a drainage area;
s15 seedling culture: sowing seeds on a seedling raising tray, placing 4-7 seeds in the seedling tray at intervals, covering the seedling tray with thin soil, compacting, watering thoroughly, starting to raise seedlings, accelerating germination and promoting root at proper temperature, sowing the seeds into a field when the seeds are half grains long and the roots are 1 grain long, and transplanting the seeds by a machine to raise seedlings with proper length;
s16 rice transplanting: after the preliminary fertilization is carried out in the rice seedling field, the rice seedling is planted through a rice seedling transplanter;
s17 seedling management: wetting with shallow water before seedling aligning, irrigating with shallow water after seedling emergence, adding paclobutrazol in the two-leaf one-core period per mu, adding water and fine water, and spraying rapidly to dwarfing seedlings; topdressing a carbon-hydrogen nuclear fertilizer compound fertilizer per mu in the three-leaf period, applying farmyard manure 5-7 days before transplanting, and making the fertilizer to be applied to a field, preferably, in the two-leaf one-core period, 60g of 5% paclobutrazol is used per mu, and 100kg of fine water is added for quick spraying to dwarfed autumn seedlings; in the trefoil period, 15kg of the carbon-hydrogen nuclear fertilizer compound fertilizer and 600kg of the farmyard manure are applied per mu.
S18 pest control: spraying 100 hundred million live spores of bacillus thuringiensis per microliter of suspending agent 300g per mu, and spraying 18% bisultap water agent 200g per mu per grade A; in the full-growth period of the rice planthoppers, 25g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 25g of 25% chlorpyrifos wettable powder is sprayed to A-grade acres.
Specifically, the bactericide used in seed soaking and germination acceleration adopts strong chlorine, the temperature range during seedling raising is 25 ℃, and the seedling raising time is 20 days.
It is worth noting that 10 kg/acre of urea was applied to the field 7 days before harvesting of first season rice, and harvesting was performed when 96% of the grains were yellow-ripe.
In this embodiment, the cultivation of the ratoon rice is specifically as follows: after first season rice is harvested, weeds are removed in time, rice piles are righted, and 8kg of urea is applied to each mu; keeping the field moist within 10 days after harvesting the first season rice, keeping the field moist 25 days after harvesting, enabling the ratoon rice to enter a heading and flowering period, keeping the surface of the field shallow water, and keeping the field dry and easy to sink to the feet in the later period.
It is worth mentioning that farmyard manure uses animal manure that does not drip.
In addition, the determination rule for determining the content range and the out-of-limit condition of cadmium in step S9 is as follows: the result is expressed in three ways of not exceeding standard, exceeding standard and seriously exceeding standard according to 3 concentration ranges of cadmium in the rice: the concentration is less than 0.2mg/Kg and is recorded as not exceeding the standard; the concentration is between 0.2mg/Kg and 0.4mg/Kg, and two endpoints are marked as exceeding the standard; the concentration is more than 0.4mg/Kg and is marked as serious overproof.
Example 2
A method for measuring cadmium content in ratoon rice comprises the following steps:
s1: cultivating and planting the regenerated rice seeds to be tested, harvesting the first season rice after the first season rice is mature, and collecting and managing the first season rice for later use;
s2: cultivating the rice stakes, and cultivating the ratoon rice;
s3: harvesting after the regenerated rice is yellow and ripe, and collecting and managing the regenerated rice for later use;
s4: separately processing first season paddy and regenerated paddy, and respectively removing impurities and shelling to obtain brown rice; crushing brown rice to obtain a first season rice brown rice powder sample and a regenerated rice powder sample respectively;
s6: switching on a power supply of an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer for measurement, and preheating the instrument for 10 min;
s5: respectively weighing the first season rice brown rice powder sample and the regenerated rice powder sample with the same weight according to the instrument standard, wherein the weighing amount is 2g, and respectively placing the first season rice brown rice powder sample and the regenerated rice powder sample into a sample container A and a sample container B;
s7: sequentially placing a first season rice brown rice powder sample in the sample container A and a regenerated rice powder sample in the sample container B into a sample groove of an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer;
s8: covering the instrument, setting corresponding samples and measurement parameters according to the instrument standard for measurement, and displaying the measurement time and the cadmium content value of the sample by the instrument in real time;
s9: and judging the content range and the overproof condition of the cadmium according to the measuring time displayed by the instrument and the content value of the cadmium in the sample.
The cultivation and planting of the ratoon rice specifically comprises the following steps:
s11 seed selection: selecting seeds with disease and insect resistance, lodging resistance, large ears, high seed setting rate, high quality, high yield and germination rate of more than 98%;
s12 selecting rice seedling beds: selecting field blocks with smooth irrigation and drainage, flat terrain, wind shielding, sun exposure, loose texture, water and air permeability and moderate fertility, selecting field blocks with convenient transportation, close to the field, convenient operation management and seedling transportation, and field blocks with wheat fields between tree rows or around;
s13 seed soaking and germination accelerating: before seed soaking and germination accelerating, sun-drying for 1.5 days, placing the sun-dried seeds in a dry and cool place for 16h, sterilizing for 20min by using a bactericide during seed soaking, cleaning by using clear water, soaking the seeds for 24 h by using the clear water, and exposing the seeds to be white;
s14 field preparation: carrying out flattening and plowing treatment on the seedling bed, weeding the seedling bed after the treatment is finished, moistening soil 2-3 days after weeding is finished, keeping the humidity of the soil between 10%, and dividing the soil into a planting area and a drainage area;
s15 seedling culture: sowing seeds on a seedling raising tray, placing 6 seeds in the seedling tray at intervals, covering the seedling tray with thin soil, compacting, watering thoroughly, starting to raise seedlings, accelerating germination and promoting roots at proper temperature, sowing and sowing when the sprouts are half grains and 1 grain, and the mechanical transplanting and throwing seedling raising sprouts are properly short;
s16 rice transplanting: after the preliminary fertilization is carried out in the rice seedling field, the rice seedling is planted through a rice seedling transplanter;
s17 seedling management: wetting with shallow water before seedling aligning, irrigating with shallow water after seedling emergence, adding paclobutrazol in the two-leaf one-core period per mu, adding water and fine water, and spraying rapidly to dwarfing seedlings; topdressing a carbon-hydrogen nuclear fertilizer compound fertilizer per mu in the three-leaf period, applying farmyard manure 6 days before transplanting, and making the fertilizer to be applied to a field, wherein 60g of 5% paclobutrazol is preferably used in each mu in the two-leaf one-core period, and 100kg of fine water is added for quick spraying to dwarfed autumn seedlings; in the three-leaf period, 15kg of the carbon-hydrogen nuclear fertilizer compound fertilizer and 500kg of the farmyard manure are applied per mu.
S18 pest control: spraying 100 hundred million live spores of bacillus thuringiensis/microliter of suspending agent 300g per mu, and spraying 18% bisultap water agent 230g per mu per grade A; in the full-growth period of the rice planthoppers, 30g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 28g of 25% chlorpyrifos wettable powder is sprayed to A-grade acres.
It is worth to say that the bactericide used in seed soaking and germination acceleration is seed soaking Ling, the temperature range during seedling raising is 30 ℃, and the seedling raising time is 15 days.
Specifically, 6-8 days before harvesting the first season rice, 8-10 kg/mu of urea is applied to the field, and harvesting is carried out when 95-98% of grains are yellow and ripe.
In this embodiment, the cultivation of the ratoon rice is specifically as follows: after first season rice is harvested, weeds are removed in time, rice piles are righted, and 10kg of urea is applied to each mu; keeping the field moist within 12 days after harvesting the first season rice, and keeping the regenerated rice in a heading and flowering period, keeping the surface of the field in shallow water and keeping the field in a dry and easily sufficient state in the later period 22 days after harvesting.
It is worth mentioning that farmyard manure uses animal manure that does not drip.
In addition, the determination rule for determining the content range and the out-of-limit condition of cadmium in step S9 is as follows: the result is expressed in three ways of not exceeding standard, exceeding standard and seriously exceeding standard according to 3 concentration ranges of cadmium in the rice: the concentration is less than 0.2mg/Kg and is recorded as not exceeding the standard; the concentration is between 0.2mg/Kg and 0.4mg/Kg, and two endpoints are marked as exceeding the standard; the concentration is more than 0.4mg/Kg and is marked as serious overproof.
The method for measuring cadmium content in regenerated rice of two examples of the present invention compares the average cadmium content of 2 sets of first-season rice and regenerated rice at 180s and 500s, as shown in the following table.
From the above table, it can be seen that the method for determining cadmium content in ratooned rice respectively tests the first-season rice and the ratooned rice, thereby improving accuracy, realizing rapid screening and inspection of cadmium in the first-season rice and the ratooned rice, improving cadmium detection efficiency, reducing detection cost, facilitating rapid determination of cadmium content in rice in any occasions, and further performing corresponding field management on the first-season rice and the ratooned rice, thereby effectively reducing cadmium content in rice.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in the above embodiments and the description, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A method for measuring cadmium content in ratoon rice is characterized in that: the method comprises the following specific steps:
s1: cultivating and planting the regenerated rice seeds to be tested, harvesting the first season rice after the first season rice is mature, and collecting and managing the first season rice for later use;
s2: cultivating the rice stakes, and cultivating the ratoon rice;
s3: harvesting after the regenerated rice is yellow and ripe, and collecting and managing the regenerated rice for later use;
s4: separately processing first season paddy and regenerated paddy, and respectively removing impurities and shelling to obtain brown rice; crushing brown rice to obtain a first season rice brown rice powder sample and a regenerated rice powder sample respectively;
s6: switching on a power supply of an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer for measurement, and preheating the instrument for 5-10 min;
s5: respectively weighing the first season rice brown rice powder sample and the regenerated rice powder sample with the same weight according to the instrument standard, wherein the weighing amount is 0.5-2g, and respectively placing the first season rice brown rice powder sample and the regenerated rice powder sample into a sample container A and a sample container B;
s7: sequentially placing a first season rice brown rice powder sample in the sample container A and a regenerated rice powder sample in the sample container B into a sample groove of an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer;
s8: covering the instrument, setting corresponding samples and measurement parameters according to the instrument standard for measurement, and displaying the measurement time and the cadmium content value of the sample by the instrument in real time;
s9: and judging the content range and the overproof condition of the cadmium according to the measuring time displayed by the instrument and the content value of the cadmium in the sample.
2. The method for determining cadmium content in ratoon rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cultivation and planting of the ratoon rice in the step S1 specifically comprises the following steps:
s11 seed selection: selecting seeds with disease and insect resistance, lodging resistance, large ears, high seed setting rate, high quality, high yield and germination rate of more than 98%;
s12 selecting rice seedling beds: selecting field blocks with smooth irrigation and drainage, flat terrain, wind shielding, sun exposure, loose texture, water and air permeability and moderate fertility, selecting field blocks with convenient transportation, close to the field, convenient operation management and seedling transportation, and field blocks with wheat fields between tree rows or around;
s13 seed soaking and germination accelerating: before seed soaking and germination accelerating, sun-drying for 1-2 days, placing the sun-dried seeds in a dry and cool place for 15-20h, sterilizing for 20-30min by using a bactericide during seed soaking, then washing with clear water, and soaking the seeds in clear water for 24-36 h, wherein the seeds are exposed to white;
s14 field preparation: carrying out flattening and plowing treatment on a seedling bed, weeding the seedling bed after the treatment is finished, moistening soil 2-3 days after weeding is finished, keeping the humidity of the soil between 10-15%, and dividing the soil into a planting area and a drainage area;
s15 seedling culture: sowing seeds on a seedling raising tray, placing 4-7 seeds in the seedling tray at intervals, covering the seedling tray with thin soil, compacting, watering thoroughly, starting to raise seedlings, accelerating germination and promoting root at proper temperature, sowing the seeds into a field when the seeds are half grains long and the roots are 1 grain long, and transplanting the seeds by a machine to raise seedlings with proper length;
s16 rice transplanting: after the preliminary fertilization is carried out in the rice seedling field, the rice seedling is planted through a rice seedling transplanter;
s17 seedling management: wetting with shallow water before seedling aligning, irrigating with shallow water after seedling emergence, adding paclobutrazol in the two-leaf one-core period per mu, adding water and fine water, and spraying rapidly to dwarfing seedlings; topdressing a carbon-hydrogen nuclear fertilizer compound fertilizer per mu in the three-leaf period, applying farmyard manure 5-7 days before transplanting, and making the fertilizer to be applied to a field, preferably, 50-60g of 5% paclobutrazol is used per mu in the two-leaf one-core period, and 100kg of fine water is added for quick spraying to dwarfed autumn seedlings; in the trefoil period, 10-15kg of the carbon-hydrogen nuclear fertilizer compound fertilizer and 500-800kg of the organic fertilizer per mu of farmyard manure are applied;
s18 pest control: spraying 400g of 100 billion live spores of bacillus thuringiensis per microliter of suspending agent per mu, and spraying 230g of 18 percent bisultap solution per mu at the A level; in the full-growth period of the rice planthoppers, 25-30g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 25-30g of 25% chlorpyrifos wettable powder is sprayed to A-grade acres.
3. The method for determining cadmium content in ratoon rice as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the bactericide used in seed soaking and germination acceleration adopts strong chlorine or seed soaking agent.
4. The method for determining cadmium content in ratoon rice as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the temperature range of the seedling raising is 20-30 ℃, and the seedling raising time is 15-25 days.
5. The method for determining cadmium content in ratoon rice as claimed in claim 2, wherein: 6-8 days before harvesting the first season rice, 8-10 kg/mu of urea is applied to the field, and harvesting is carried out when 95-98% of grains are yellow and ripe.
6. The method for determining cadmium content in ratoon rice as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the cultivation of the ratoon rice comprises the following steps: after first season rice is harvested, weeds are removed in time, rice piles are righted, and 7-10kg of urea is applied to each mu; keeping the field moist within 10-12 days after harvesting the first season rice, keeping the field moist 20-25 days after harvesting, enabling the ratoon rice to enter a heading and flowering stage, keeping the surface of the field shallow water, and keeping the field dry and easy to sink to the feet in the later stage.
7. The method for determining cadmium content in ratoon rice as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the farmyard manure adopts animal manure without dripping.
8. The method for determining cadmium content in ratoon rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the determination rule for determining the cadmium content range and the overproof condition in step S9 is as follows: the result is expressed in three ways of not exceeding standard, exceeding standard and seriously exceeding standard according to 3 concentration ranges of cadmium in the rice: the concentration is less than 0.2mg/Kg and is recorded as not exceeding the standard; the concentration is between 0.2mg/Kg and 0.4mg/Kg, and two endpoints are marked as exceeding the standard; the concentration is more than 0.4mg/Kg and is marked as serious overproof.
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011288544.4A CN112415035A (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2020-11-17 | Method for measuring cadmium content in ratoon rice |
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| CN104111264A (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2014-10-22 | 广东省粮食科学研究所 | Methods for quickly detecting content of heavy metal elements in rice and evaluating comprehensive pollution index of heavy metal elements |
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| CN104111264A (en) * | 2014-08-01 | 2014-10-22 | 广东省粮食科学研究所 | Methods for quickly detecting content of heavy metal elements in rice and evaluating comprehensive pollution index of heavy metal elements |
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| CN107884468A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-06 | 华中农业大学 | Application of the rice grain trace element in identification ratooning rice first rice crop rice and regeneration season rice |
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