CN112401084A - 一种具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料 - Google Patents
一种具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112401084A CN112401084A CN202011289699.XA CN202011289699A CN112401084A CN 112401084 A CN112401084 A CN 112401084A CN 202011289699 A CN202011289699 A CN 202011289699A CN 112401084 A CN112401084 A CN 112401084A
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- grouper
- liver
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- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料，其包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉55‑72份，发酵豆粕5‑12份，高筋面粉10‑22份，精炼鱼油3‑8份，紫菜1‑2份，海带1‑2份，维生素预混料2份，矿物质及其它功能预混料3份，中草药制剂混合物2份；其中，矿物质及其它功能预混料3份中包含有胆汁酸，胆汁酸的占比为膨化饲料总量的0.3%以上；中草药制剂混合物中包含有清肝类中草药提取物。本发明的饲料中加入的胆汁酸的占比为膨化饲料总量的0.3%以上,胆汁酸是胆汁中主要的固体物质，是一类24碳胆烷酸羟基衍生物的总称，属于内源性有机阴离子，胆汁酸具有改善石斑鱼对脂肪和胆固醇的吸收利用，提高石斑鱼的免疫功能，从而促进石斑鱼摄食，提高饵料效率，降低饲养成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种石斑鱼膨化饲料，特别是一种具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨 化饲料。
背景技术
石斑鱼是肉食性中下层鱼类，以突袭方式捕食底栖甲壳类、各种小型鱼 类和头足类，人工配合饲料普遍是高蛋白高脂肪，石斑鱼长期大量摄食高能 饲料，脂肪大量积累于肠系膜、肌肉和肝胰脏中，这就在一定程度上增加了 肝脏负荷，肝脏长期处于超负荷状态容易导致病变。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种蛋白质含量高、提高生长性、具有较强诱食 性的具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：
一种具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料，其特征是：包括以下重量份的组 分：鱼粉55-72份，发酵豆粕5-12份，高筋面粉10-22份，精炼鱼油3-8 份，紫菜1-2份，海带1-2份，维生素预混料2份，矿物质及其它功能预混 料3份，中草药制剂混合物2份；其中，矿物质及其它功能预混料3份中包 含有胆汁酸，胆汁酸的占比为膨化饲料总量的0.3％以上；中草药制剂混合 物中包含有清肝类中草药提取物。本饲料配方中蛋白质占比高，但同时搭配 有紫菜、海带和胆汁酸，其中，紫菜和海带均具有海腥味，起到很好的诱食 作用，而且，紫菜当中还含有丰富的钾元素和碘元素，具有预防肌肉减少的 功效，另外，紫菜还含有丰富的膳食纤维，能够促进肠道的蠕动，帮助消化。 海带当中所含有的钾盐、钙元素可以降低石斑鱼对胆固醇的吸收。
本发明的目的还可以采用以下技术措施解决：
作为更具体的方案，所述胆汁酸的占比为膨化饲料总量的0.3％至0.6％。
作为进一步的方案，所述石斑鱼维生素预混料2份由以下质量比的成分 均匀混合而成：维生素A为5％，维生素D为5％，维生素E为5％，维生 素K为2％，维生素B1为1.5％，维生素B6为1.5％，维生素B12为1.5％， 烟酸为2％，泛酸为2.5％，生物素为0.5％，胆碱为17.5％，叶酸为3.5％， 米糠为52.5％。
作为进一步的方案，所述矿物质及其它功能预混料3份由以下质量比的 成分均匀混合而成：磷酸二氢钙40％，硫酸铬钾1.25％，碳酸铜1.25％， 柠檬酸铁1％，氧化镁1.5％，硫酸锰1.25％，硫酸钾10％，甲壳素7.5％， 抗氧化剂1.25％、胆汁酸10％、牛磺酸2.5％、精氨酸5％，左旋肉碱3.75％， 单水柠檬酸钾10％，氯化钠3.75％。甲壳素是一种从海洋甲壳类动物的壳中 提取出来的多糖物质，甲壳素具有降低胆固醇、提高免疫力及护肝解毒作用。
或者，所述矿物质及其它功能预混料3份由以下质量比的成分均匀混合 而成：磷酸二氢钙40％，硫酸铬钾1.25％，碳酸铜1.25％，柠檬酸铁1％， 氧化镁1.5％，硫酸锰1.25％，硫酸钾10％，甲壳素7.5％，抗氧化剂1.25％、 胆汁酸13.5％、牛磺酸2.5％、精氨酸5％，左旋肉碱3.75％，单水柠檬酸钾 9％，氯化钠1.25％。
或者，所述矿物质及其它功能预混料3份由以下质量比的成分均匀混合 而成：磷酸二氢钙40％，硫酸铬钾1.25％，碳酸铜1.25％，柠檬酸铁1％， 氧化镁1.5％，硫酸锰1.25％，硫酸钾10％，甲壳素7.5％，抗氧化剂1.25％、 胆汁酸16.5％、牛磺酸2.5％、精氨酸5％，左旋肉碱3.75％，单水柠檬酸钾 6％，氯化钠1.25％。
或者，所述矿物质及其它功能预混料3份由以下质量比的成分均匀混合 而成：磷酸二氢钙40％，硫酸铬钾1.25％，碳酸铜1.25％，柠檬酸铁1％， 氧化镁1.5％，硫酸锰1.25％，硫酸钾10％，甲壳素7.5％，抗氧化剂1.25％、 胆汁酸20％、牛磺酸2.5％、精氨酸5％，左旋肉碱3.75％，单水柠檬酸钾2.5％， 氯化钠1.25％。
以上机组矿物质及其它功能预混料的配方中，通过对胆汁酸和氯化钠的 分量进行调整，以分析胆汁酸在上述范围内调节对饲料的影响。其中，考虑 随着胆汁酸的增加而减少氯化钠的原因是：海带和紫菜可以采取海水清洗， 使其保持较高含量的氯化钠成分，所以，上述氯化钠可以湿度减少。
作为进一步的方案，所述中草药制剂混合物2份，由以下质量比的成分 均匀混合而成：桑叶10％、山楂10％、荷叶10％、麦芽10％、玉米须10％、菊 花10％、发酵豆粕40％。上述中草药复方制剂选用常见的中草药为原料，原 料来源方便。所有饲料的原料均在农业部颁布的《饲料添加剂品种目录》和 《饲料原料目录》之内。上述中草药均采用归肝经的材料，整体配伍后具有 较好的疏肝作用，利于肝脏排毒。另外，各种中草药的药理如下：桑叶具有降胆固醇作用抗病毒作用、抑菌抗炎作用、抗丝虫病作用、抗溃疡作用、改 善肠功能等。山楂的机酸物增强肠胃能力，促进消化；并且其酸性对多种有 害菌均有抑制作用。荷叶具有清热凉血、除烦躁的作用，麦芽含有丰富的膳 食纤维，促进消化，将体内的多余的废物排出体外，起到润肠通便的作用。 具有降低胆固醇。玉米须具有清肝利胆，排出鱼体内的垃圾、毒素等功效。 菊花入肝经,有养肝护肝的功能。
作为进一步的方案，所述中草药制剂混合物的制备方法包括如下步骤: 首先，按照重量配比分别称取桑叶、山楂、荷叶、麦芽、玉米须、菊花分别 进行烘干，随后进行超微粉碎100-200目；接着，将各混合物，加水浸泡两 小时后煎煮三次，每次加水量为药材总量的3倍，各高压煎煮1.5小时，合 并煎液，浓缩至密度为1.06以上，过滤，滤液合并，冷却后备用；然后把 液体中草药合剂与发酵豆粕按照比例混合备用，即得到中草药制剂混合物； 最后，成品放入4℃冰柜中保存备用。
一种具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料的制备方法，所述具有护肝功效的 石斑鱼膨化饲料中精炼鱼油、大豆磷脂油为液体原料，其余原料为固体，其 特征是：具体包括以下步骤：第一、维生素预混料、矿物质及其他预混料、 酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物、中草药制剂混合物按要求先做成备用；第二、根据其 配方设计，按质量比称取各原料，并将固体原料转入配料仓中；第三、将所 有固体原料混合均匀后，所有物料进行超微粉；第四、物料混合后，所有混 合后的原料通过双螺杆膨化机进行高温高压膨化制粒；第五、在85～90℃ 条件下将饲料颗粒烘干；第六、烘干后的饲料颗粒进入喷油桶进行均匀喷撒 液体原料；第七、将喷油后的膨化饲料进入冷却塔，冷却后分级、最后进行 包装。所述物料进行超微粉是指混合物能够通过200～320μm的筛网，更有 利于吸收和消化。
本发明的有益效果如下：
(1)本发明的具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料中加入的胆汁酸的占比 为膨化饲料总量的0.3％以上,胆汁酸是胆汁中主要的固体物质，是一类24 碳胆烷酸羟基衍生物的总称，属于内源性有机阴离子，胆汁酸具有改善石斑 鱼对脂肪和胆固醇的吸收利用，提高石斑鱼的免疫功能，从而促进石斑鱼摄 食，提高饵料效率，降低饲养成本。
(2)本发明的具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料中通过胆汁酸从而增加 增加胆汁分泌量，使胆道畅通，起到保肝利胆等多种作用。
(3)本发明的具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料中还加入紫外和海带， 由于石斑鱼为海鱼，对海腥味具有浓厚兴趣，进一步促进其摄食，使得饲料 诱食性更强；另外，紫外和海带具有丰富的碘和膳食纤维，碘能够预防石斑 鱼肌肉减少，膳食纤维具有帮助吸收胆固醇和促进排便的功效。
(4)本发明的饲料配方中还加入中草药，中草药属于植物提取物，不 存在残留石斑鱼体内的情况，而且，这些中草药归肝胆经，有利于护肝护胆； 并且，这些中草药均为常见中药材，无副作用。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述：
一种具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料，其特征是：包括以下重量份的组 分：鱼粉55-72份(采用超级鱼粉)，发酵豆粕5-12份，高筋面粉10-22份， 精炼鱼油3-8份，紫菜1-2份，海带1-2份，维生素预混料2份，矿物质及 其它功能预混料3份，中草药制剂混合物2份；其中，矿物质及其它功能预 混料3份中包含有胆汁酸，胆汁酸的占比为膨化饲料总量的0.3％-0.6％；中 草药制剂混合物中包含有清肝类中草药提取物。
结合下表，对鱼粉的档次分类说明：
| 鱼粉品级 | 蛋白≥ | 新鲜度 |
| 超级 | 68％ | 80 |
| 日本级 | 67％ | 90 |
| 中国台湾级 | 66％ | 100 |
| 泰国级 | 65％ | 130 |
| 普通级 | 64％ | 130 |
作为进一步的方案，石斑鱼膨化饲料的具体配方如下表：
另外，所述中草药制剂混合物制备方法包括如下步骤:首先，按照重量 配比分别称取山楂、佛手、麦芽、甘草、柴胡分别进行烘干，随后进行超微 粉碎100-200目；接着，将各混合物，加水浸泡两小时后煎煮三次，每次加 水量为药材总量的3倍，各高压煎煮1.5小时，合并煎液，浓缩至密度为 1.06以上，过滤，滤液合并，冷却后备用；然后把液体中草药合剂与发酵 豆粕按照原质量的比例1:1比例混合备用，即得到诱食促消化中草药制剂混 合物；最后，成品放入4℃冰柜中保存备用。
一种具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料的制备方法，所述具有护肝功效的 石斑鱼膨化饲料中精炼鱼油、大豆磷脂油为液体原料，其余原料为固体，具 体包括以下步骤：第一、维生素预混料、矿物质及其他预混料、酶解沙丁鱼 浆混合物、诱食促消化中草药制剂混合物按要求先做成备用；第二、根据其 配方设计，按质量比称取各原料，并将固体原料转入配料仓中；第三、将所 有固体原料混合均匀后，所有物料进行超微粉；第四、物料混合后，所有混 合后的原料通过双螺杆膨化机进行高温高压膨化制粒；第五、在85～90℃ 条件下将饲料颗粒烘干；第六、烘干后的饲料颗粒进入喷油桶进行均匀喷撒 液体原料；第七、将喷油后的膨化饲料进入冷却塔，冷却后分级、最后进行 包装。
所述物料进行超微粉是指混合物能够通过200～320μm的筛网。
实施例二，与实施例一的区别在于：所述矿物质及其它功能预混料3份 由以下质量比的成分均匀混合而成：磷酸二氢钙40％，硫酸铬钾1.25％， 碳酸铜1.25％，柠檬酸铁1％，氧化镁1.5％，硫酸锰1.25％，硫酸钾10％， 甲壳素7.5％，抗氧化剂1.25％、胆汁酸10％、牛磺酸2.5％、精氨酸5％， 左旋肉碱3.75％，单水柠檬酸钾10％，氯化钠3.75％。
实施例三，与实施例一的区别在于：所述矿物质及其它功能预混料3份 由以下质量比的成分均匀混合而成：磷酸二氢钙40％，硫酸铬钾1.25％， 碳酸铜1.25％，柠檬酸铁1％，氧化镁1.5％，硫酸锰1.25％，硫酸钾10％， 甲壳素7.5％，抗氧化剂1.25％、胆汁酸13.5％、牛磺酸2.5％、精氨酸5％， 左旋肉碱3.75％，单水柠檬酸钾9％，氯化钠1.25％。
实施例四，与实施例一的区别在于：所述矿物质及其它功能预混料3份 由以下质量比的成分均匀混合而成：磷酸二氢钙40％，硫酸铬钾1.25％， 碳酸铜1.25％，柠檬酸铁1％，氧化镁1.5％，硫酸锰1.25％，硫酸钾10％， 甲壳素7.5％，抗氧化剂1.25％、胆汁酸20％、牛磺酸2.5％、精氨酸5％， 左旋肉碱3.75％，单水柠檬酸钾2.5％，氯化钠1.25％。
本项目实验初始实验鱼选用约150g均匀健康石斑鱼，分为对照组和胆 汁酸300组，胆汁酸400组，胆汁酸500组，胆汁酸600组共5个组，每组 1个重复。1期为小型试验，在旺海集团研发中心的养殖桶中进行，每天记 录投喂情况，每月检测石斑鱼的肝体比和增重率；2期为中型试验，在我司 示范户中试用，验证1期试验的结果。另外，通过本试验，找出上述实施例 中胆汁酸的最佳用量。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料，其特征是：包括以下重量份的组分：鱼粉55-72份，发酵豆粕5-12份，高筋面粉10-22份，精炼鱼油3-8份，紫菜1-2份，海带1-2份，维生素预混料2份，矿物质及其它功能预混料3份，中草药制剂混合物2份；其中，矿物质及其它功能预混料3份中包含有胆汁酸，胆汁酸的占比为膨化饲料总量的0.3%以上；中草药制剂混合物中包含有清肝类中草药提取物。
2.根据权利要求1所述具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料，其特征是：所述胆汁酸的占比为膨化饲料总量的0.3%至0.6%。
3.根据权利要求1所述具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料，其特征是：所述石斑鱼维生素预混料2份由以下质量比的成分均匀混合而成：维生素A为5％，维生素D为5％，维生素E为5％，维生素K为2％，维生素B1为1.5％，维生素B6为1.5％，维生素B12为1.5％，烟酸为2％，泛酸为2.5％，生物素为0.5％，胆碱为17.5％，叶酸为3.5％，米糠为52.5％。
4.根据权利要求1所述具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料，其特征是：所述矿物质及其它功能预混料3份由以下质量比的成分均匀混合而成：磷酸二氢钙40％，硫酸铬钾1.25％，碳酸铜1.25％，柠檬酸铁1％，氧化镁1.5％，硫酸锰1.25％，硫酸钾10％，甲壳素7.5％，抗氧化剂1.25%、胆汁酸10％、牛磺酸2.5%、精氨酸5%，左旋肉碱3.75%，单水柠檬酸钾10%，氯化钠3.75%。
5.根据权利要求1所述具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料，其特征是：所述矿物质及其它功能预混料3份由以下质量比的成分均匀混合而成：磷酸二氢钙40％，硫酸铬钾1.25％，碳酸铜1.25％，柠檬酸铁1％，氧化镁1.5％，硫酸锰1.25％，硫酸钾10％，甲壳素7.5％，抗氧化剂1.25%、胆汁酸13.5％、牛磺酸2.5%、精氨酸5%，左旋肉碱3.75%，单水柠檬酸钾9%，氯化钠1.25%。
6.根据权利要求1所述具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料，其特征是：所述矿物质及其它功能预混料3份由以下质量比的成分均匀混合而成：磷酸二氢钙40％，硫酸铬钾1.25％，碳酸铜1.25％，柠檬酸铁1％，氧化镁1.5％，硫酸锰1.25％，硫酸钾10％，甲壳素7.5％，抗氧化剂1.25%、胆汁酸16.5％、牛磺酸2.5%、精氨酸5%，左旋肉碱3.75%，单水柠檬酸钾6%，氯化钠1.25%。
7.根据权利要求1所述具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料，其特征是：所述矿物质及其它功能预混料3份由以下质量比的成分均匀混合而成：磷酸二氢钙40％，硫酸铬钾1.25％，碳酸铜1.25％，柠檬酸铁1％，氧化镁1.5％，硫酸锰1.25％，硫酸钾10％，甲壳素7.5％，抗氧化剂1.25%、胆汁酸20％、牛磺酸2.5%、精氨酸5%，左旋肉碱3.75%，单水柠檬酸钾2.5%，氯化钠1.25%。
8.根据权利要求1所述具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料，其特征是：所述中草药制剂混合物2份由以下质量比的成分均匀混合而成：桑叶10%、山楂10%、荷叶10%、麦芽10%、玉米须10%、菊花10%、发酵豆粕40%。
9.根据权利要求8所述具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料，其特征是：所述中草药制剂混合物的制备方法包括如下步骤:首先，按照重量配比分别称取桑叶、山楂、荷叶、麦芽、玉米须、菊花分别进行烘干，随后进行超微粉碎100-200目；接着，将各混合物，加水浸泡两小时后煎煮三次，每次加水量为药材总量的3倍，各高压煎煮1.5小时，合并煎液，浓缩至密度为1.06以上，过滤，滤液合并，冷却后备用；然后把液体中草药合剂与发酵豆粕按照比例混合备用，即得到中草药制剂混合物；最后，成品放入4℃冰柜中保存备用。
10.一种根据权利要求1所述具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料的制备方法，所述具有护肝功效的石斑鱼膨化饲料中精炼鱼油、大豆磷脂油为液体原料，其余原料为固体，其特征是：具体包括以下步骤：第一、维生素预混料、矿物质及其他预混料、酶解沙丁鱼浆混合物、中草药制剂混合物按要求先做成备用；第二、根据其配方设计，按质量比称取各原料，并将固体原料转入配料仓中；第三、将所有固体原料混合均匀后，所有物料进行超微粉；第四、物料混合后，所有混合后的原料通过双螺杆膨化机进行高温高压膨化制粒；第五、在85～90℃条件下将饲料颗粒烘干；第六、烘干后的饲料颗粒进入喷油桶进行均匀喷撒液体原料；第七、将喷油后的膨化饲料进入冷却塔，冷却后分级、最后进行包装。
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