CN112400632A - Corn planting method under medium and light saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Corn planting method under medium and light saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a modifier for improving the planting performance of medium and light saline-alkali soil, and further discloses a preparation method of the modifier. The modifier for improving the planting performance of the medium and light saline-alkali soil takes the corn straws, the active sludge powder, the compound enzyme preparation and the Shanyingquan extract as active ingredients, utilizes the characteristic that the corn straws, the active sludge powder and the compound enzyme preparation known in the prior art can improve the saline-alkali performance of the soil, and adds the common succulent plant Shanyingquan extract, thereby further improving the effect of the modifier on the saline-alkali soil, improving the crop yield and being particularly suitable for planting and improving the saline-alkali soil of corn crops.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop planting, and particularly relates to a corn planting method under medium and light saline-alkali soil.
Background
With the increase of world population and the reduction of arable land resources, the problem of food safety still is a major challenge facing agriculture, and by prediction, by 2050, food production needs to be increased by 60% -110% compared with 2005 to meet the requirements of people (Jin et al, 2012; Yao et al, 2018), so that the field of agricultural planting still faces significant tests. Although agricultural scientists in China continuously make an effort to promote agricultural modernization, the agricultural scientists are limited by natural soil conditions and the like, and the crop yield and quality still face serious examination. According to the statistics of the second national soil general survey data of the organization of the ministry of agriculture, the salinized soil area in China is 5.2 hundred million acres, wherein 2.4 hundred million acres of salinized soil, 1299.91 thousand acres of alkaline earth and 2.7 hundred million acres of various salinized and alkalized soil are obtained. Moreover, the salinized soil in China has large area and is rarely distributed in the world. Tarim and Seigell basins from the east coast to the west juncture along the Pacific coast, and distribution of saline soil everywhere from the southern island of the south to the northest inner Mongolia Renlebel plateau. Therefore, how to improve the planting ability of saline-alkali soil becomes an important means for improving the yield and quality of crops.
Saline-alkali soil is a kind of salt accumulation, and means that salt contained in soil influences normal growth of crops. The salinization of soil is a worldwide problem, and in addition, in the crop cultivation process, the chemical fertilizer is excessively applied for a long time, so that the secondary salinization of the soil is aggravated, the soil is seriously hardened, and the salinized and alkalized soil is continuously expanded. The harm of saline-alkali soil to plants mainly comprises the following aspects: firstly, the physiological drought of the plant is caused, the excessive soluble salts can improve the osmotic pressure of the soil solution, the physiological drought of the plant is caused, and the root system and the seeds can not be germinated from the soilAbsorb sufficient water and even cause water to extravasate from root cells, so that the plants wilt and even die; secondly, the salt in the surface soil layer is excessively accumulated and easily damages the hypocotyl in drought seasons, and OH can be caused under high pH value-Direct poison to plants, excessive accumulation of salt in plant tissues can cause damage to protoplasm, protein synthesis is hindered, and nitrogen-containing intermediate metabolites are accumulated to cause cell poisoning; thirdly, the normal nutrient absorption of the plants is influenced due to exchangeable Na+The competition of (2) reduces the absorption of potassium, phosphorus and other nutrient elements by the plants, and inhibits the transfer of phosphorus, thereby influencing the nutrient condition of the plants; and fourthly, the opening and closing of the stomata of the plants are influenced, and under the action of high-depth salts, the synthesis of starch in stomata guard cells is hindered, so that the cells cannot be closed, and the plants are easy to dry and wither.
Currently, many researchers have conducted related research, mostly focusing on improving soil quality or optimizing crop systems to seek for an increase in yield, but there is little comprehensive practice to solve both soil quality improvement and crop production. Generally, local farmers mostly adopt a large water flood irrigation mode to achieve the effect of leaching salt, but the soil compaction degree of saline soil is high, the structure is poor, the permeability coefficient is low, and salt, especially sodium ions, are adsorbed on the surface of soil colloid and are not easy to leach (Rasouli et al, 2013; Javadi et al, 2019). The proportion of soil macro aggregates can be increased by returning straws to the field and adding organic improving materials, the soil structure is improved, and the leaching of sodium ions to deep soil is accelerated (Mahomoodadi et al, 2013; Wang et al, 2014; Wang and Yang, 2018). However, improper crop management and fertilizer management can compromise the effectiveness of soil improvement, resulting in wasted resources and decreased crop productivity (Pan et al, 2019).
Therefore, how to realize the high-efficiency planting of crops under the condition of saline-alkali soil has positive significance for improving the agricultural planting yield and efficiency in China.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a corn planting method under medium and light saline-alkali soil.
In order to solve the technical problem, the corn planting method under the medium and light saline-alkali soil provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) before seeding, preparation works such as turning soil and the like are carried out according to a conventional mode;
(2) adding a saline-alkali soil conditioner at least containing a Shanyingquan extract into planting soil, fully and uniformly mixing, then sowing corn seeds according to a conventional mode, and applying a base fertilizer;
(3) and (4) flattening the soil, and then planting the corn according to a conventional field management mode.
Specifically, the conditioner is mixed with the planting soil uniformly according to the addition of 10-20g/kg of soil.
Specifically, the Shanyingquan extract is extract powder obtained by adding water into the Shanyingquan to prepare pulp and then carrying out spray drying on the pulp.
Specifically, the mass ratio of the shadowboxing to the water is 1: 3-5.
Specifically, the modifier comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of corn straw, 3-8 parts of active sludge powder, 1-5 parts of complex enzyme preparation and 5-10 parts of Shanyingquan extract.
Specifically, the modifier comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of corn straw, 3-85 parts of active sludge powder, 3 parts of complex enzyme preparation and 8 parts of Shanyingquan extract.
Specifically, the complex enzyme preparation comprises a mixture of ligninase, cellulase and catalase.
Specifically, the mass ratio of the ligninase to the cellulase to the catalase is 2: 2: 1.
specifically, the activated sludge powder is modified activated sludge powder obtained by performing high-temperature pyrolysis on activated sludge in an oxygen-free atmosphere.
Specifically, the temperature of the high-temperature pyrolysis step is 300-500 ℃.
Specifically, the grain diameter of the corn straws is 1-3 mm.
The invention also discloses a preparation method of the modifier for improving the planting performance of the medium and light saline-alkali soil, which comprises the step of mixing selected amounts of the corn straw, the active sludge powder, the complex enzyme preparation and the Shanyingquan extract.
The invention also discloses application of the succulent Shanyingquan extract in improving the planting performance of medium and light saline-alkali soil, namely, the needed improver can be directly prepared on the basis of the Shanyingquan extract.
According to the method for planting the corns under the medium and light saline-alkali soil, the saline-alkali soil improver taking the corn straws, the active sludge powder, the compound enzyme preparation and the Shanyingquan extract as active ingredients is added when the corns are sown, the characteristic that the saline-alkali performance of the soil can be improved by utilizing the corn straws, the active sludge powder and the compound enzyme preparation known in the prior art is utilized, and the common succulent plant Shanyingquan extract is added, so that the improvement effect of the improver on the saline-alkali soil is further improved, the crop yield is improved, and the method is particularly suitable for planting and improving the saline-alkali soil of corn crops.
Detailed Description
The following examples of the invention:
the Shanying fist extract is extract powder obtained by adding water into the Shanying fist for pulping and then performing spray drying, specifically, tuber parts of cleaned Shanying fist succulent plants are added with water in an amount which is 3 times the weight of the Shanying fist for conventional pulping treatment, the obtained Shanying fist pulp is kept stand for 2 hours, and the Shanying fist extract powder is obtained after spray drying for later use;
the compound enzyme preparation is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 2: 1 a mixture of ligninase, cellulase and catalase;
the activated sludge powder is modified activated sludge powder obtained by drying and crushing aerobic activated sludge with the particle size smaller than 1mm and carrying out high-temperature pyrolysis for 2 hours at 300 ℃ in a nitrogen protective atmosphere;
the corn straw is dried and crushed into corn straw powder with the particle size of 1-3 mm.
Example 1
The saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of corn straw, 8 parts of active sludge powder, 1 part of complex enzyme preparation and 10 parts of Chinese violet extract.
Example 2
The saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of corn straw, 3 parts of active sludge powder, 5 parts of complex enzyme preparation and 5 parts of Chinese violet extract.
Example 3
The saline-alkali soil conditioner comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of corn straw, 3-85 parts of active sludge powder, 3 parts of complex enzyme preparation and 8 parts of Shanyingquan extract.
Example 4
The saline-alkali soil conditioner of the embodiment is prepared by adding only the shadowboxing extract into raw material components.
Comparative example 1
The raw material components of the conditioner for improving the planting performance of the medium and light saline-alkali soil in the comparative example are the same as those in example 3, and the difference is only that the Shanyingquan extract is not added, and the other components have the same content.
Examples of the experiments
The field trials were conducted in doctor huibo scientific research workstation, huang he delta, of the academy of agricultural sciences, shandong, at 2017, month 10-2018, month 10 (118 ° 37 'E, 37 ° 47' N). The soil of the test field is saline-alkali soil (clay), the basic physicochemical property of a 0-30cm soil layer is pH value of 8.3, organic matter of 13.8g/kg, alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen of 39.2mg/kg, quick-acting phosphorus of 10.5mg/kg and quick-acting potassium of 244.8mg/kg, and the average total salt content is 3.2g/kg (the salt variation range is 3.0g/kg-3.5 g/kg).
The test is arranged under the condition of medium saline-alkali (the salt variation range is 3.0g/kg-3.5g/kg), the test is designed for a single-factor random block group, and 4 test treatments are arranged in total, and the following table 1 shows. The corn variety is Zhengdan 958, and the area of the plot is 70m23 times of repetition, the seeding density of the corn is 75000 plants/hm2. The using method of the conditioner comprises the steps of mixing and uniformly stirring the conditioner and the planting soil according to the addition of 15g/kg of soil, and uniformly mixing the conditioner and the planting soil when turning the soil before sowing.The prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds in the whole corn planting process are uniformly managed according to the conventional field, and no obvious diseases, pests and weeds occur in the whole growth period.
The modifier application and fertilization profiles for each experimental treatment group are shown in table 1 below.
Table 1 different experimental treatments for corn planting
After the corn is harvested, respectively collecting soil samples of 0-20cm, 20-40cm and 40-60cm, and air-drying to determine the physical and chemical property indexes of the soil:
soil water-soluble salt-based ions (calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium) are prepared by mixing the following components in a water-soil ratio of 5: 1, leaching, measuring potassium and sodium by using a flame photometer, and measuring calcium and magnesium by using an EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid) complexation titration method;
in the mature period of the corn, 3 corns with uniform growth vigor are taken in each cell, and the mature period is divided into two parts, namely seeds and straws. Deactivating enzyme of the sample at 105 deg.C for 30min, drying at 75 deg.C to constant weight, recording the dry weight, and determining the nitrogen content of the sample with total carbon nitrogen analyzer after pulverizing the sample. Randomly selecting 8.4m in each cell in the mature period2And (4) selecting 20 ears from the samples for seed test, air-drying, threshing, measuring the total weight, and finally converting into the yield with the water content of 14%.
All experimental data were processed using Microsoft Excel, analyzed using SAS software for one-way anova, and analyzed for significance using LSD (P <0.05 level).
1. Effect of different modifier regimens on corn yield
The yield and yield profile for maize using the T0-T3 treatment regimen described above is shown in Table 2 below.
TABLE 2 Effect of different treatments on corn yield and yield composition
| Treatment of | Yield (t/hm)2) | Ear number (10)4/hm2) | Grain number per spike (grain/ear) | Thousand Kernel weight (g) |
| T0 | 2.0a | 4.22a | 196.3a | 150.7a |
| T1 | 5.1a | 6.28a | 405.3a | 251.2a |
| T2 | 2.9a | 4.96a | 279.3a | 188.9a |
| T3 | 4.2a | 5.75a | 340.4a | 210.6a |
As can be seen from the data in the table, the addition of the modifier can effectively improve the properties of the corn, such as yield, yield composition and the like.
2. Influence of different modifiers on nitrogen absorption and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate of corn
Under the T0-T3 treatment mode, the influence of different modifier treatments on the absorption of the nitrogen in the corn and the utilization rate of the nitrogen fertilizer is shown in the following table 3.
TABLE 3 Effect of different modifier treatments on corn Nitrogen absorption and Nitrogen utilization
3. Effect of different amendment treatments on Water-soluble cation content of soil
The effect of different amendment treatments on the water-soluble cation content of the soil in the above T0-T3 treatment modes is shown in Table 4 below.
TABLE 4 Effect of different amendment treatments on the Water-soluble cation content of the soil
Note: the total amount of cations is Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+And K+The sum of the concentrations.
As can be seen from the data in Table 4, the cationic components of the corn planting soil are all represented by Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>K+The soluble cation content of different soil layers was reduced in all other treatment groups with modifier added compared to the treatment of group T0.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A corn planting method under medium and light saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) before seeding, preparation works such as turning soil and the like are carried out according to a conventional mode;
(2) adding a saline-alkali soil conditioner at least containing a Shanyingquan extract into planting soil, fully and uniformly mixing, then sowing corn seeds according to a conventional mode, and applying a base fertilizer;
(3) and (4) flattening the soil, and then planting the corn according to a conventional field management mode.
2. The method for planting the corns under the medium-light saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the conditioner is uniformly mixed with the planting soil according to the addition amount of 10-20g/kg soil.
3. The method for planting the corns under the moderate and mild saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the Shangxi extract is extract powder obtained by adding water into the Shangxi to prepare pulp and then carrying out spray drying.
4. The method for planting the corns in the moderately light saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of the shadowboxing to the water is 1: 3-5.
5. A corn planting method under medium and light saline-alkali soil according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the amendment comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of corn straw, 3-8 parts of active sludge powder, 1-5 parts of complex enzyme preparation and 5-10 parts of Shanyingquan extract.
6. The method for planting corns under the moderate and mild saline-alkali soil as claimed in any one of claims 1-5, wherein the compound enzyme preparation comprises a mixture of ligninase, cellulase and catalase.
7. The method for planting the corns in the moderately light saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the ligninase to the cellulase to the catalase is 2: 2: 1.
8. the method for planting the corns under the moderate and light saline-alkali soil according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the activated sludge powder is modified activated sludge powder obtained by carrying out high-temperature pyrolysis on the activated sludge in an oxygen-free atmosphere.
9. The method for planting the corns under the moderately light saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 8, wherein the temperature of the high-temperature pyrolysis step is 300-500 ℃.
10. A method for planting corn under the mild and moderate saline-alkali soil according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the grain size of the corn stalks is 1 to 3 mm.
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104380866A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-03-04 | 宁夏乙征生物工程有限公司 | Method for improving saline alkali soil with enzymic method |
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