CN112389040A - 一种高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料及其制备方法,属于高性能纤维材料技术领域。本发明针对目前碳纤维面料综合性能差,难以满足极限环境使用的现状,将整个材料设计为四层结构,其中底衬层采用吸汗透气面料,底衬层采用增强改性的碳纤维,将经过改性的纳米二氧化硅和纳米二氧化钛填充于纤维层隙结构中,一方面增强的碳纤维的机械强度,另一方面改性的纳米粒子可以提升碳纤维织物的韧性、防风、保暖以及隔离紫外线的功效。在碳纤维织物外层叠加一层弹性层和耐磨防水层,弹性层的经线和纬线采用不同的材质,显著提高舒适性和实用性;耐磨层防水层可显著提升面料整体的韧性,防止水分进入,抑菌防污性能大幅提升,同时使用寿命大大延长。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高性能纤维材料技术领域,具体涉及一种高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着科学技术的进步和对生活用品要求的提高,防水透气面料广泛应用于人们的日常生活中,既能防风防雨,又能排汗透气,穿着舒适,并在穿着过程中,使水在一定压力下不浸透织物,而现有的透气面料的防水性能较差,只能达到吸湿速干的效果,只注重了本身的防水功能,却忽略了在防水的同时,人体内的汗液无法排出的现象,造成人体闷热不适的感觉。因此,需要研究一种既具有良好的防水效果,又具有良好的吸湿透气性能的防水透气材料。
高性能纤维及其复合材料主要包括碳纤维、有机纤维、陶瓷纤维及其复合材料,是结构轻量化的首选材料,也是极端服役环境不可替代的功能材料。在世界各国一系列重大科技工程和研究计划的推动下,全球高性能纤维及其复合材料前沿技术不断取得突破,产业化步伐也逐渐跨入成熟发展阶段。
传统的碳纤维复合布主要为环氧树脂或酚醛树脂等与碳纤维布结合的结构。以环氧树脂或酚醛树脂等与碳纤维布结合的结构主要有三大缺点:第一、该结构不能二次成型;第二、模压和手糊工艺手续比较繁琐,后道工序复杂,表面难处理,易出现气泡。第三、树脂型复合布大多比较脆,容易分层断裂。目前的碳纤维面料强度、防水性能、透气性能等难以满足极限环境下的使用需求,因此继续开发一种增强型的碳纤维复合面料,以满足各种复杂环境下的使用需求。
发明内容
为解决目前碳纤维复合材料性能不足、应用领域窄的问题,本发明提供一种高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料及其制备方法,所得面料强度高,韧性好,耐磨耐高温,防水透气,显著提升碳纤维面料的舒适性和实用性,适合各类环境下使用。为实现本发明技术目的,本发明所采用的技术方案为:
一种高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料,包括底衬层,所述底衬层上设有弹性层,所述底衬层和弹性层之间通过增强碳纤维织物层粘结而成;所述弹性层的上方设有耐磨隔水层。
所述底衬层为棉、麻、涤纶或其混纺的梭织、针织、经编织物。底衬层优选吸湿排汗针织面料,克重为180g/m。
所述弹性层为是由经线和纬线相织构成的;所述经线为双组份涤纶丝PET/PTT;所述纬线为涤纶纤维和天然竹纤维混纺纱线。所述涤纶纤维所占天然竹纤维的质量比为20%。双组份涤纶丝PET/PTT23中PTT所占PET的质量比为40%。
所述增强碳纤维织物层是由以下方法制备得到的:
1)将纳米二氧化钛和纳米二氧化硅等质量混合后,加入到100倍重量的无水乙醇中,超声分散均匀,得混合液1;将正硅酸乙酯混合在无水乙醇溶液中,制备得到3g/L的混合液2;将按照液液比50:1,将混合液2逐滴加入到混合液1中,滴加时间为1~3小时;滴加完成后,搅拌1~3小时;再加入0.5-1.5wt%的椰油酸二乙醇胺继续60℃恒温搅拌30min,搅拌结束后,静置陈化1-3小时;整个过程控制体系温度为:70~85℃;制得混合溶胶;
2)将碳纤维织物浸润到步骤(1)所得溶胶中,浸润时间为:0.5~1小时;100℃干燥5~8小时,然后在800-1000℃下烧结1h,得到增强碳纤维织物层。
步骤(2)所述碳纤维织物为T300,3K平纹,比表面积为200g/m2。
所述耐磨隔水层是由以下重量份的原料制得的:环氧树脂100份、聚偏氟乙烯4-10份、醋酸丁基纤维素15-20份、钛白粉5-10份、十二酰异丙醇胺5-10份、乙二醇乙醚醋酸酯10-20份、抑菌剂0.5-1份、乙醇100-150份。
所述耐磨层的厚度为0.5-1mm。所述增强碳纤维织物层的厚度为1-1.5mm。
所述抑菌剂为银离子抑菌剂或者聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐。
一种高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备增强碳纤维织物层;
2)依次将底衬层、增强碳纤维织物层、弹性层进行加压粘合定型;
3)将耐磨层原料混合均匀,通过刮涂的方式均匀附着在步骤所得面料最外层上,得到耐磨隔水层,经定型处理得碳纤维复合面料。
本发明纤维面料可用于制备户外装备,如背包、冲锋衣、帐篷等,可在各类复杂环境下使用。
有益效果
本发明针对目前碳纤维面料综合性能差,难以满足极限环境使用的现状,将整个材料设计为四层结构,其中底衬层采用吸汗透气面料,底衬层采用增强改性的碳纤维,将经过改性的纳米二氧化硅和纳米二氧化钛填充于纤维层隙结构中,一方面增强的碳纤维的机械强度,另一方面改性的纳米粒子可以提升碳纤维织物的韧性、防风、保暖以及隔离紫外线的功效。在碳纤维织物外层叠加一层弹性层和耐磨防水层,弹性层的经线和纬线采用不同的材质,显著提高舒适性和实用性;耐磨层防水层可显著提升面料整体的韧性,防止水分进入,抑菌防污性能大幅提升,同时使用寿命大大延长。
附图说明
图1为本发明高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料的结构示意图;
图2为本发明防辐射面料弹性层的结构示意图。
图中:1.底衬层;2.弹性层;3.增强碳纤维织物层;4.耐磨隔水层;21.经线;22.纬线;23.双组份涤纶丝PET/PTT。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步说明,但不限于此。
实施例1
一种高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料,包括底衬层1,所述底衬层1上设有弹性层2,所述底衬层1和弹性层2之间通过增强碳纤维织物层3粘结而成;所述弹性层2的上方设有耐磨隔水层4。
所述底衬层1为棉、麻、涤纶或其混纺的梭织、针织、经编织物。
所述弹性层2为是由经线21和纬线22相织构成的;所述经线21为双组份涤纶丝PET/PTT23;所述纬线22为涤纶纤维和天然竹纤维混纺纱线。
所述增强碳纤维织物层3是由以下方法制备得到的:
1)将纳米二氧化钛和纳米二氧化硅等质量混合后,加入到100倍重量的无水乙醇中,超声分散均匀,得混合液1;将正硅酸乙酯混合在无水乙醇溶液中,制备得到3g/L的混合液2;将按照液液比50:1,将混合液2逐滴加入到混合液1中,滴加时间为1~3小时;滴加完成后,搅拌1~3小时;再加入0.5-1.5wt%的椰油酸二乙醇胺继续60℃恒温搅拌30min,搅拌结束后,静置陈化1-3小时;整个过程控制体系温度为:70~85℃;制得混合溶胶;
2)将碳纤维织物浸润到步骤(1)所得溶胶中,浸润时间为:0.5~1小时;100℃干燥5~8小时,然后在800-1000℃下烧结1h,得到增强碳纤维织物层3。
步骤(2)所述碳纤维织物为T300,3K平纹,比表面积为200g/m2。
所述耐磨隔水层4是由以下重量份的原料制得的:环氧树脂100份、聚偏氟乙烯4份、醋酸丁基纤维素15份、钛白粉5份、十二酰异丙醇胺5份、乙二醇乙醚醋酸酯10份、抑菌剂0.5份、乙醇100份。
所述耐磨层4的厚度为0.5-1mm。
所述抑菌剂为银离子抑菌剂。
一种高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备增强碳纤维织物层3;
2)依次将底衬层1、增强碳纤维织物层3、弹性层2进行加压粘合定型;
3)将耐磨层原料混合均匀,通过刮涂的方式均匀附着在步骤(2)所得面料最外层上,得到耐磨隔水层4,经定型处理得碳纤维复合面料。
实施例2
一种高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料,包括底衬层1,其特征在于,所述底衬层1上设有弹性层2,所述底衬层1和弹性层2之间通过增强碳纤维织物层3粘结而成;所述弹性层2的上方设有耐磨隔水层4。
所述底衬层1为棉、麻、涤纶或其混纺的梭织、针织、经编织物。
所述弹性层2为是由经线21和纬线22相织构成的;所述经线21为双组份涤纶丝PET/PTT23;所述纬线22为涤纶纤维和天然竹纤维混纺纱线。
所述增强碳纤维织物层3是由以下方法制备得到的:
1)将纳米二氧化钛和纳米二氧化硅等质量混合后,加入到100倍重量的无水乙醇中,超声分散均匀,得混合液1;将正硅酸乙酯混合在无水乙醇溶液中,制备得到3g/L的混合液2;将按照液液比50:1,将混合液2逐滴加入到混合液1中,滴加时间为1~3小时;滴加完成后,搅拌1~3小时;再加入0.5-1.5wt%的椰油酸二乙醇胺继续60℃恒温搅拌30min,搅拌结束后,静置陈化1-3小时;整个过程控制体系温度为:70~85℃;制得混合溶胶;
2)将碳纤维织物浸润到步骤(1)所得溶胶中,浸润时间为:0.5~1小时;100℃干燥5~8小时,然后在800℃下烧结1h,得到增强碳纤维织物层3。
步骤(2)所述碳纤维织物为T300,3K平纹,比表面积为200g/m2。
所述耐磨隔水层4是由以下重量份的原料制得的:环氧树脂100份、聚偏氟乙烯7份、醋酸丁基纤维素18份、钛白粉8份、十二酰异丙醇胺8份、乙二醇乙醚醋酸酯15份、抑菌剂0.8份、乙醇120份。
所述耐磨层4的厚度为0.5-1mm。
所述抑菌剂为聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐。
一种高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备增强碳纤维织物层3;
2)依次将底衬层1、增强碳纤维织物层3、弹性层2进行加压粘合定型;
3)将耐磨层原料混合均匀,通过刮涂的方式均匀附着在步骤(2)所得面料最外层上,得到耐磨隔水层4,经定型处理得碳纤维复合面料。
实施例3
一种高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料,包括底衬层1,其特征在于,所述底衬层1上设有弹性层2,所述底衬层1和弹性层2之间通过增强碳纤维织物层3粘结而成;所述弹性层2的上方设有耐磨隔水层4。
所述底衬层1为棉、麻、涤纶或其混纺的梭织、针织、经编织物。
所述弹性层2为是由经线21和纬线22相织构成的;所述经线21为双组份涤纶丝PET/PTT23;所述纬线22为涤纶纤维和天然竹纤维混纺纱线。
所述增强碳纤维织物层3是由以下方法制备得到的:
1)将纳米二氧化钛和纳米二氧化硅等质量混合后,加入到100倍重量的无水乙醇中,超声分散均匀,得混合液1;将正硅酸乙酯混合在无水乙醇溶液中,制备得到3g/L的混合液2;将按照液液比50:1,将混合液2逐滴加入到混合液1中,滴加时间为1~3小时;滴加完成后,搅拌1~3小时;再加入占混合液质量0.5-1.5wt%的椰油酸二乙醇胺继续60℃恒温搅拌30min,搅拌结束后,静置陈化1-3小时;整个过程控制体系温度为:70~85℃;制得混合溶胶;
2)将碳纤维织物浸润到步骤(1)所得溶胶中,浸润时间为:0.5~1小时;100℃干燥5~8小时,然后在900℃下烧结1h,得到增强碳纤维织物层3。
步骤(2)所述碳纤维织物为T300,3K平纹,比表面积为200g/m2。
所述耐磨隔水层4是由以下重量份的原料制得的:环氧树脂100份、聚偏氟乙烯10份、醋酸丁基纤维素20份、钛白粉10份、十二酰异丙醇胺10份、乙二醇乙醚醋酸酯20份、抑菌剂1份、乙醇150份。
所述耐磨层4的厚度为0.5-1mm。
所述抑菌剂为银离子抑菌剂。
一种高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)制备增强碳纤维织物层3;
2)依次将底衬层1、增强碳纤维织物层3、弹性层2进行加压粘合定型;
3)将耐磨层原料混合均匀,通过刮涂的方式均匀附着在步骤(2)所得面料最外层上,得到耐磨隔水层4,经定型处理得碳纤维复合面料。
对比例1
一种高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料,包括底衬层,所述底衬层上设有弹性层,所述底衬层和弹性层之间通过增强碳纤维织物层粘结而成;所述弹性层的上方设有耐磨隔水层。
所述底衬层为棉、麻、涤纶或其混纺的梭织、针织、经编织物。底衬层优选吸湿排汗针织面料,克重为180g/m。
所述弹性层为是由经线和纬线相织构成的;所述经线为双组份涤纶丝PET/PTT;所述纬线为涤纶纤维和天然竹纤维混纺纱线。所述涤纶纤维所占天然竹纤维的质量比为20%。
所述增强碳纤维织物层是由以下方法制备得到的:
1)将纳米二氧化钛和纳米二氧化硅等质量混合后,加入到100倍重量的无水乙醇中,超声分散均匀,得混合液;
2)将碳纤维织物浸润到步骤(1)所得混合液中,浸润时间为:1小时;100℃干燥8小时,然后在1000℃下烧结1h,得到增强碳纤维织物层。
步骤(2)所述碳纤维织物为T300,3K平纹,比表面积为200g/m2。
所述耐磨隔水层是由以下重量份的原料制得的:环氧树脂100份、聚偏氟乙烯10份、醋酸丁基纤维素20份、钛白粉10份、十二酰异丙醇胺10份、乙二醇乙醚醋酸酯20份、抑菌剂1份、乙醇150份。
所述耐磨层的厚度为1mm。所述增强碳纤维织物层的厚度为1.5mm。
所述抑菌剂为银离子抑菌剂。
一种高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)制备增强碳纤维织物层;
2)依次将底衬层、增强碳纤维织物层、弹性层进行加压粘合定型;
3)将耐磨层原料混合均匀,通过刮涂的方式均匀附着在步骤所得面料最外层上,得到耐磨隔水层,经定型处理得碳纤维复合面料。
本对比例配方和制备方法中,除直接添加的纳米二氧化钛和纳米二氧化硅外,即不进行反应改性外,其余均同实施例3。
性能测试
对本发明实施例1-3和对比例所得纤维面料进行性能测试:
依据GB/T3923.1—1997《织物断裂强力和断裂伸长率的测定条样法》,在电子织物强力机上测试面料强力,按照ASTMD737标准对透气性(以透湿量为指标)进行测试;按照AS/NZS4399:1996标准对防紫外线性能(以UPF为指标)进行测试。
表1性能测试结果
从表中数据我们可以看出,本发明实施例所得面料表现出了较好的综合性能,强度高,透气性好,且可有效隔离紫外线。而对比例所得面料综合性能有所下降,这是因为未经过本发明改性的纳米粒子,其再碳纤维织物层中的分散性和稳定性均较弱,无法发挥有效作用所导致。
进一步的对本发明实施例3和对比例所得纤维面料参照GB/T 20944.3-2008《纺织品抗菌性能的评价第3部分:振荡法》测试,以10倍稀释法将菌液稀释到合适倍数并培养,根据18h后对照样和实验样活菌浓度的平均值计算抗菌除臭再生纤维素纤维的抑菌率
表2抑菌性能测试结果
本发明实施例3面料经水洗20次之后,与未经水洗时相比,抑菌率有所减小,但变化幅度不大,均表现出了较强的抑制活性。而对比例所得面料性能下降较快。这是由于本发明经过改性的碳纤维织物层,其对抑菌剂具有一定的固定作用,可以减缓抑菌剂在洗涤过程中的流失。
需要说明的是,上述实施例仅仅是实现本发明的优选方式的部分实施例,而非全部实施例。显然,基于本发明的上述实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的其他所有实施例,都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料,包括底衬层(1),其特征在于,所述底衬层(1)上设有弹性层(2),所述底衬层(1)和弹性层(2)之间通过增强碳纤维织物层(3)粘结而成;所述弹性层(2)的上方设有耐磨隔水层(4)。
2.根据权利要求1所述高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料,其特征在于,所述底衬层(1)为棉、麻、涤纶或其混纺的梭织、针织、经编织物。
3.根据权利要求1所述高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料,其特征在于,所述弹性层(2)为是由经线(21)和纬线(22)相织构成的;所述经线(21)为双组份涤纶丝PET/PTT(23);所述纬线(22)为涤纶纤维和天然竹纤维混纺纱线。
4.根据权利要求1所述高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料,其特征在于,所述增强碳纤维织物层(3)是由以下方法制备得到的:
1)将纳米二氧化钛和纳米二氧化硅等质量混合后,加入到100倍重量的无水乙醇中,超声分散均匀,得混合液1;将正硅酸乙酯混合在无水乙醇溶液中,制备得到3g/L的混合液2;将按照液液比50:1,将混合液2逐滴加入到混合液1中,滴加时间为1~3小时;滴加完成后,搅拌1~3小时;再加入0.5-1.5wt%的椰油酸二乙醇胺继续60℃恒温搅拌30min,搅拌结束后,静置陈化1-3小时;整个过程控制体系温度为:70~85℃;制得混合溶胶;
2)将碳纤维织物浸润到步骤(1)所得溶胶中,浸润时间为:0.5~1小时;100℃干燥5~8小时,然后在800-1000℃下烧结1h,得到增强碳纤维织物层(3)。
5.根据权利要求4所述高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述碳纤维织物为T300,3K平纹,比表面积为200g/m2。
6.根据权利要求1所述高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料,其特征在于,所述耐磨隔水层(4)是由以下重量份的原料制得的:环氧树脂100份、聚偏氟乙烯4-10份、醋酸丁基纤维素15-20份、钛白粉5-10份、十二酰异丙醇胺5-10份、乙二醇乙醚醋酸酯10-20份、抑菌剂0.5-1份、乙醇100-150份。
7.根据权利要求5所述高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料,其特征在于,所述耐磨层(4)的厚度为0.5-1mm。
8.根据权利要求5所述高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料,其特征在于,所述抑菌剂为银离子抑菌剂或者聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐。
9.一种权利要求1-8任意一项所述高强度防水透气碳纤维复合面料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
1)制备增强碳纤维织物层(3);
2)依次将底衬层(1)、增强碳纤维织物层(3)、弹性层(2)进行加压粘合定型;
3)将耐磨层原料混合均匀,通过刮涂的方式均匀附着在步骤(2)所得面料最外层上,得到耐磨隔水层(4),经定型处理得碳纤维复合面料。
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