CN112387279A - 用于处理有机染料废水的光催化剂及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
用于处理有机染料废水的光催化剂及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- ytterbium
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- 239000011941 photocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 57
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ag+].[Ag+] NDVLTYZPCACLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- HBAGRTDVSXKKDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxido(dioxo)manganese lanthanum(3+) Chemical compound [La+3].[La+3].[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O.[O-][Mn]([O-])(=O)=O HBAGRTDVSXKKDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 229910001923 silver oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910000473 manganese(VI) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910000108 silver(I,III) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver(1+) nitrate Chemical compound [Ag+].[O-]N(=O)=O SQGYOTSLMSWVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910001961 silver nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MIVBAHRSNUNMPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009210 therapy by ultrasound Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000013033 photocatalytic degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- KUBYTSCYMRPPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Yb+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KUBYTSCYMRPPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver acetate Chemical compound [Ag+].CC([O-])=O CQLFBEKRDQMJLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 229940071536 silver acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 5
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ce+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium;9,10-dioxoanthracene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1 GGCZERPQGJTIQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021380 Manganese Chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Manganese chloride Chemical compound Cl[Mn]Cl GLFNIEUTAYBVOC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- ICAKDTKJOYSXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[La](Cl)Cl ICAKDTKJOYSXGC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940099607 manganese chloride Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002867 manganese chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011565 manganese chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CKLHRQNQYIJFFX-UHFFFAOYSA-K ytterbium(III) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Yb+3] CKLHRQNQYIJFFX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- JLRJWBUSTKIQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-K lanthanum(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [La+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O JLRJWBUSTKIQQH-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940071125 manganese acetate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);diacetate Chemical compound [Mn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O UOGMEBQRZBEZQT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OSCVBYCJUSOYPN-UHFFFAOYSA-K ytterbium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Yb+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O OSCVBYCJUSOYPN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000007540 photo-reduction reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001782 photodegradation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M methyl orange Chemical compound [Na+].C1=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C1\N=N\C1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 STZCRXQWRGQSJD-GEEYTBSJSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodamine B Chemical compound [Cl-].C=12C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C2OC2=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002328 LaMnO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004410 SrSnO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- PGSADBUBUOPOJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N neutral red Chemical compound Cl.C1=C(C)C(N)=CC2=NC3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 PGSADBUBUOPOJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/54—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/66—Silver or gold
- B01J23/68—Silver or gold with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/688—Silver or gold with arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium with manganese, technetium or rhenium
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Abstract
本发明属于废水处理技术领域,具体涉及一种用于处理有机染料废水的光催化剂及其制备方法和应用。所述光催化剂为铈和镱共掺杂锰酸镧与氧化银的复合光催化剂,其化学式为铈和镱共掺杂锰酸镧La1‑x‑yCexYbyMnO3/Ag2O,其中x=0.05~0.15,y=0.05~0.15,其中氧化银与铈和镱共掺杂锰酸镧的质量比为1:10~20。通过溶胶凝胶法制备铈和镱共掺杂锰酸镧,然后通过光还原法负载氧化银,制备方法简单。而且利用铈和镱其协同作用,以及光还原法负载氧化银,两者之间形成协同作用,进一步提高了锰酸镧光催化剂的光催化性能,其对有机废水中的有机染料具有很好的光降解能力,是一种处理染料废水的理想材料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于废水处理技术领域。更具体地,涉及一种用于处理有机染料废水的光催化剂及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
随着社会的进步和经济的增长,环境污染和能源匮乏问题已成为当今社会正面临和亟待解决的两大难题。特别是现代化工业的迅猛发展,助长了不规范工业数量突增的猖獗之势。其中印染行业是废水治理的重点关注对象,其产生的有机染料污染物颜色深,有毒物质含量高且难以降解从而造成了严重的环境污染,因此,解决印染废水污染已经迫在眉睫。
钙钛矿型材料因其稳定的八面体晶体结构,是当前材料科学研究领域的热点之一。在众多光催化材料中,钙钛矿氧化物由于其独特的晶体结构和电子性质,在可见光辐照下显示出作为高效光催化材料的良好前景。钙钛矿晶体结构提供的一个稳定框架,有利于研究者在其中调整带隙的位置,对带边缘电位进行有效控制,以适应特定光催化反应的需要。此外,钙钛矿化合物中的晶格畸变有利于光生载流子的分离。晶格中的缺陷、缺陷诱导的能量状态以及电子在特定缺陷上的位置决定了光生电子空穴对的命运。Mudring等人采用微波辅助离子液体法制备了Sr1-xBaxSnO3钙钛矿材料,与纯相的SrSnO3相比,由于晶体结构和形貌的改变、较小的晶粒尺寸、合适的带隙尺寸以及带边缘位置的协同影响,Ba2+掺杂样品对苯二甲酸的羟基化催化效率显著提高。
唐彬等人通过采用溶胶凝胶法合成了一系列掺杂型LaNixMn1-xO3(X=0.1,0.3,0.5,0.7,0.9)钙钛矿催化剂,并采用机械研磨法制备LaNi0.9Mn0.1O3/活性炭,LaNi0.9Mn0.1O3/石墨烯复合材料。采用XRD、SEM、BET、XPS等手段对材料进行结构表征。结合光催化降解中性红反应,考察镍掺杂量和不同的炭载体对LaNi0.9Mn0.1O3结构以及催化性能的影响,并探讨复合材料的降解机理。结果表明,镍掺杂和炭负载都能够明显提高材料的催化性能。当X=0.9时,掺杂型催化剂的催化活性达到最佳,进一步负载炭材料后LaNi0.9Mn0.1O3/HAC催化剂性能最佳,其降解率可达到97%。镍的引入提高了催化剂的颗粒分散性,而炭材料负载使催化剂比表面积增大,两者都使表面活性氧O-/O2-含量增加,从而表现出较好的降解效果。
而对于锰酸镧光催化剂,现有技术中都是通过B位掺杂来提高其光催化性能,并没有研究A位掺杂对其光催化性能的影响,因而继续提高锰酸镧的光催化性能,以及其对染料废水的降解能力,仍是目前亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是克服现有锰酸镧的光催化性能的缺陷和不足,提供一种光催化剂及其制备方法和应用。
本发明的目的是提供一种光催化剂,所述光催化剂由铈和镱共掺杂锰酸镧与氧化银复合而成。
本发明另一目的是提供一种光催化剂的制备方法,其是通过溶胶凝胶法制备铈和镱共掺杂锰酸镧,然后通过光还原法负载氧化银。
本发明另一目的是一种光催化剂的用途,将其用于光催化降解染料废水中的有机染料。
本发明上述目的通过以下技术方案实现:
一种光催化剂,所述光催化剂为铈和镱共掺杂锰酸镧与氧化银的复合光催化剂,其化学式为铈和镱共掺杂锰酸镧La1-x-yCexYbyMnO3/Ag2O,其中x=0.02~0.08,y=0.02~0.08。
优选的,所述氧化银与铈和镱共掺杂锰酸镧的质量比为1:10~20。
基于上述的光催化剂的制备方法,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将镧源、铈源、镱源、锰源按照化学式La1-x-yCexYbyMnO3,其中x=0.02~0.08,y=0.02~0.08,称取原料,然后将其加入到去离子水中,搅拌均匀,配成溶液;
(2)称取一定量的柠檬酸入到上述溶液中,然后在80~90℃水浴条件下加热成凝胶,然后置于烘箱中干燥,取出后研磨,放入马弗炉中于700~800℃煅烧5~8h,得到产物A;
(3)将银源溶于去离子水中,配置成银盐溶液,将产物A加入到银盐溶液中,超声处理5~10min,然后在搅拌条件下,在高压汞的照射下还原5~10min,离心洗涤,在60~80℃下真空干燥12~20h,得到La1-x-yCexYbyMnO3/Ag2O复合光催化剂。
优选的,在步骤(1)中,所述镧源为硝酸镧、醋酸镧、氯化镧中的一种或多种;所述铈源为硝酸铈、醋酸铈、氯化铈中的一种或多种,所述镱源为硝酸镱、醋酸镱、氯化镱中的一种或多种,所述锰源为硝酸锰、醋酸锰、氯化锰中的一种或多种。
优选的,在步骤(1)中,所述搅拌转速为100~200rpm,搅拌时间为20~40min。
优选的,在步骤(2)中,所述柠檬酸与总金属离子的摩尔比为2~4:1。
优选的,在步骤(2)中,所述干燥为100~120℃下干燥15~20h。
优选的,在步骤(3)中,所述银源为硝酸银、氯化银、醋酸银中的一种或多种,所述硝酸银的浓度为0.01~0.02mol/L。
基于上述所述的光催化剂的制备方法制备的光催化剂。
基于上述所述的光催化剂的用途,所述光催化剂用于光催化降解染料废水中的有机染料。
本发明具有以下有益效果:
(1)首先通过溶胶凝胶法制备铈和镱共掺杂锰酸镧光催化剂,通过共掺杂铈和镱,利用铈和镱之间的协同作用,显著提高锰酸镧光催化剂的光催化性能,而且由于铈和镱的共掺杂,拓宽了其对可见光的吸收范围;提高了对可见光的利用效率。
(2)通过采用光化学还原法在铈和镱共掺杂锰酸镧光催化剂表面上负载氧化银,使其与氧化银之间形成异质结,进而可以有效提高光生电子的转移,提高光生电子和空穴的分离效率,进而提高光催化性能。
(3)本申请的制备方法简单,容易控制,制备的产品性能优异,而且有利于工业化生产。
综上所述,本发明制备的一种复合光催化剂,光催化性能优异,而且对染料废水中的有机染料具有很好的降解能力,是一种降解染料废水的理想材料。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例来进一步说明本发明,但实施例并不对本发明做任何形式的限定。除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、方法和设备为本技术领域常规试剂、方法和设备。
除非特别说明,以下实施例所用试剂和材料均为市购。
实施例1
一种光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)称取0.09mol硝酸镧、0.005mol硝酸铈、0.005mol硝酸镱、0.1mol硝酸锰,然后将其加入到100mL去离子水中,搅拌均匀,配成溶液;所述搅拌转速为150rpm,搅拌时间为30min;
(2)称取0.6mol柠檬酸,并将其加入到上述溶液中,然后在85℃水浴条件下加热成凝胶,然后置于110℃烘箱中干燥18h,取出后研磨,放入马弗炉中于750℃煅烧5~8h,得到产物A;
(3)将硝酸银溶于100mL去离子水中,配置成浓度为0.05mol/L的硝酸银溶液,将产物A加入到硝酸银溶液中,超声处理8min,然后在搅拌条件下,在高压汞的照射下还原7min,离心洗涤,在70℃下真空干燥18h,得到La0.9Ce0.05Yb0.05MnO3/Ag2O复合光催化剂,其中所述氧化银与铈和镱共掺杂锰酸镧的质量比为1:15。
实施例2
一种光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)称取0.09mol氯化镧、0.008mol醋酸铈、0.002mol硝酸镱、0.1mol氯化锰,然后将其加入到100mL去离子水中,搅拌均匀,配成溶液;所述搅拌转速为200rpm,搅拌时间为20min;
(2)称取0.8mol柠檬酸,并将其加入到上述溶液中,然后在90℃水浴条件下加热成凝胶,然后置于120℃烘箱中干燥15h,取出后研磨,放入马弗炉中于800℃煅烧5h,得到产物A;
(3)将氯化银溶于100mL去离子水中,配置成浓度为0.02mol/L氯化银溶液,将产物A加入到氯化银溶液中,超声处理10min,然后在搅拌条件下,在高压汞的照射下还原10min,离心洗涤,在80℃下真空干燥12h,得到La0.9Ce0.08Yb0.02MnO3/Ag2O复合光催化剂,其中所述氧化银与铈和镱共掺杂锰酸镧的质量比为1:10。
实施例3
一种光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)称取0.09mol硝酸镧、0.002mol醋酸铈、0.008mol氯化镱、0.1mol硝酸锰,然后将其加入到100mL去离子水中,搅拌均匀,配成溶液;所述搅拌转速为100rpm,搅拌时间为40min;
(2)称取0.4mol柠檬酸,并将其加入到上述溶液中,然后在80℃水浴条件下加热成凝胶,然后置于100℃烘箱中干燥20h,取出后研磨,放入马弗炉中于700℃煅烧8h,得到产物A;
(3)将醋酸银溶于100mL去离子水中,配置成浓度为0.01mol/L醋酸银溶液,将产物A加入到醋酸银溶液中,超声处理5min,然后在搅拌条件下,在高压汞的照射下还原5~10min,离心洗涤,在60~80℃下真空干燥12~20h,得到La0.9Ce0.02Yb0.08MnO3/Ag2O复合光催化剂,其中所述氧化银与铈和镱共掺杂锰酸镧的质量比为1:20。
对比例1
一种光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)称取0.09mol硝酸镧、0.01mol硝酸镱、0.1mol硝酸锰,然后将其加入到100mL去离子水中,搅拌均匀,配成溶液;所述搅拌转速为150rpm,搅拌时间为30min;
(2)称取0.6mol柠檬酸,并将其加入到上述溶液中,然后在85℃水浴条件下加热成凝胶,然后置于110℃烘箱中干燥18h,取出后研磨,放入马弗炉中于750℃煅烧5~8h,得到产物A;
(3)将硝酸银溶于100mL去离子水中,配置成浓度为0.05mol/L的硝酸银溶液,将产物A加入到硝酸银溶液中,超声处理8min,然后在搅拌条件下,在高压汞的照射下还原7min,离心洗涤,在70℃下真空干燥18h,得到La0.9Yb0.1MnO3/Ag2O复合光催化剂,其中所述氧化银与铈和镱共掺杂锰酸镧的质量比为1:15。
对比例2
一种光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)称取0.09mol硝酸镧、0.01mol硝酸铈、0.1mol硝酸锰,然后将其加入到100mL去离子水中,搅拌均匀,配成溶液;所述搅拌转速为150rpm,搅拌时间为30min;
(2)称取0.6mol柠檬酸,并将其加入到上述溶液中,然后在85℃水浴条件下加热成凝胶,然后置于110℃烘箱中干燥18h,取出后研磨,放入马弗炉中于750℃煅烧5~8h,得到产物A;
(3)将硝酸银溶于100mL去离子水中,配置成浓度为0.05mol/L的硝酸银溶液,将产物A加入到硝酸银溶液中,超声处理8min,然后在搅拌条件下,在高压汞的照射下还原7min,离心洗涤,在70℃下真空干燥18h,得到La0.9Ce0.1MnO3/Ag2O复合光催化剂,其中所述氧化银与铈和镱共掺杂锰酸镧的质量比为1:15。
对比例3
一种光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)称取0.1mol硝酸镧、0.1mol硝酸锰,然后将其加入到100mL去离子水中,搅拌均匀,配成溶液;所述搅拌转速为150rpm,搅拌时间为30min;
(2)称取0.6mol柠檬酸,并将其加入到上述溶液中,然后在85℃水浴条件下加热成凝胶,然后置于110℃烘箱中干燥18h,取出后研磨,放入马弗炉中于750℃煅烧5~8h,得到产物A;
(3)将硝酸银溶于100mL去离子水中,配置成浓度为0.05mol/L的硝酸银溶液,将产物A加入到硝酸银溶液中,超声处理8min,然后在搅拌条件下,在高压汞的照射下还原7min,离心洗涤,在70℃下真空干燥18h,得到LaMnO3/Ag2O复合光催化剂,其中所述氧化银与铈和镱共掺杂锰酸镧的质量比为1:15。
对比例4
一种光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)称取0.09mol硝酸镧、0.005mol硝酸铈、0.005mol硝酸镱、0.1mol硝酸锰,然后将其加入到100mL去离子水中,搅拌均匀,配成溶液;所述搅拌转速为150rpm,搅拌时间为30min;
(2)称取0.6mol柠檬酸,并将其加入到上述溶液中,然后在85℃水浴条件下加热成凝胶,然后置于110℃烘箱中干燥18h,取出后研磨,放入马弗炉中于750℃煅烧5~8h,得到La0.9Ce0.05Yb0.05MnO3。
对比例5
一种光催化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
将硝酸银溶于100mL去离子水中,配置成浓度为0.05mol/L的硝酸银溶液,超声处理8min,然后在搅拌条件下,在高压汞的照射下还原7min,离心洗涤,在70℃下真空干燥18h,得到Ag2O复合光催化剂。
将实施例1-3和对比例1-5的光催化剂用于光催化降解实验。具体方法如下:取50mg光催化剂,加入到罗丹明B的水溶液中(浓度为15mg/L),先黑暗条件下搅拌15min,再在氙灯(350W)照射下搅拌,测定8min时的降解率。
取50mg光催化剂,加入到甲基橙的水溶液中(浓度为15mg/L),先黑暗条件下搅拌15min,再在氙灯(350W)照射下搅拌,测定8min时的降解率。
具体测试结果见表1:
8min时罗丹明B的降解率(%) | 8min时甲基橙降解率(%) | |
实施例1 | 96.4 | 96.8 |
实施例2 | 95.2 | 95.6 |
实施例3 | 95.5 | 95.9 |
对比例1 | 92.3 | 92.8 |
对比例2 | 90.5 | 91.2 |
对比例3 | 89.2 | 90.1 |
对比例4 | 74.8 | 75.1 |
对比例5 | 83.9 | 85.2 |
通过上述实施例1-3与对比例1-5的对比可以发现,本申请的铈和镱共掺杂锰酸镧与氧化银的复合光催化剂,具有优异的光催化活性,对染料废水中的有机染料具有很好的光催化降解能力,降解率最高达到了96.8%,因而本申请的光催化剂是降解染料废水的理想材料。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式,但本发明的实施方式并不受上述实施例的限制,其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化,均应为等效的置换方式,都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于处理有机染料废水的光催化剂,其特征在于:所述光催化剂为铈和镱共掺杂锰酸镧与氧化银的复合光催化剂,其化学式为铈和镱共掺杂锰酸镧La1-x-yCexYbyMnO3/Ag2O,其中x=0.02~0.08,y=0.02~0.08。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光催化剂,其特征在于:所述氧化银与铈和镱共掺杂锰酸镧的质量比为1:10~20。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的光催化剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)将镧源、铈源、镱源、锰源按照化学式La1-x-yCexYbyMnO3,其中x=0.02~0.08,y=0.02~0.08,称取原料,然后将其加入到去离子水中,搅拌均匀,配成溶液;
(2)称取一定量的柠檬酸入到上述溶液中,然后在80~90℃水浴条件下加热成凝胶,然后置于烘箱中干燥,取出后研磨,放入马弗炉中于700~800℃煅烧5~8h,得到产物A;
(3)将银源溶于去离子水中,配置成银盐溶液,将产物A加入到银盐溶液中,超声处理5~10min,然后在搅拌条件下,在高压汞的照射下还原5~10min,离心洗涤,在60~80℃下真空干燥12~20h,得到La1-x-yCexYbyMnO3/Ag2O复合光催化剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(1)中,所述镧源为硝酸镧、醋酸镧、氯化镧中的一种或多种;所述铈源为硝酸铈、醋酸铈、氯化铈中的一种或多种,所述镱源为硝酸镱、醋酸镱、氯化镱中的一种或多种,所述锰源为硝酸锰、醋酸锰、氯化锰中的一种或多种。
5.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(1)中,所述搅拌转速为100~200rpm,搅拌时间为20~40min。
6.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(2)中,所述柠檬酸与总金属离子的摩尔比为2~4:1。
7.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(2)中,所述干燥为100~120℃下干燥15~20h。
8.根据权利要求3所述的制备方法,其特征在于:在步骤(3)中,所述银源为硝酸银、氯化银、醋酸银中的一种或多种,所述硝酸银的浓度为0.01~0.02mol/L。
9.根据权利要求3-8任一项所述的光催化剂的制备方法制备的光催化剂。
10.根据权利要求1或2或9所述的光催化剂的用途,其特征在于:所述光催化剂用于光催化降解染料废水中的有机染料。
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