CN112382856B - Low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna - Google Patents
Low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN112382856B CN112382856B CN202011136490.XA CN202011136490A CN112382856B CN 112382856 B CN112382856 B CN 112382856B CN 202011136490 A CN202011136490 A CN 202011136490A CN 112382856 B CN112382856 B CN 112382856B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The invention comprises a metal horn part and a back cavity patch antenna; the metal horn part comprises at least two metal horn antenna units for transmitting and two metal horn antenna units for receiving, which are distributed in an array; the back cavity patch antenna comprises an antenna feed dielectric plate, wherein the antenna feed dielectric plate is provided with a transmitting feed unit and a receiving feed unit, and the number of the transmitting feed unit and the receiving feed unit is corresponding to that of the transmitting metal horn antenna units and the receiving metal horn antenna units respectively; the metal horn part is attached to the back cavity patch antenna through conductive adhesive, and each patch antenna radiation source is attached to the lower part of the corresponding metal horn antenna unit. The invention can be realized only by a mature, simple and low-cost machining process and a standard single-layer PCB process; while other properties such as return loss, bandwidth, radiation pattern maintain good characteristics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna.
Background
Array antennas have very wide application in wireless systems such as communications and radar. The integrated design of the receiving and transmitting array antenna can effectively improve the compactness of the antenna array surface and even the whole system, reduce the volume of the system, reduce the processing difficulty and reduce the assembly error. However, when the system operating frequency reaches the millimeter wave band, the design of the array antenna encounters new problems and challenges.
In the millimeter wave frequency band, the planar array antenna units are subjected to interference of surface waves of a printed circuit board, and have larger coupling and poorer isolation performance, so that the directional diagram is distorted. Meanwhile, the traditional horn antenna is very small in size due to extremely short wavelength of the millimeter wave frequency band, the manufacturing and processing cost and the processing difficulty of the metal horn antenna unit are both remarkably improved, and certain challenges exist in assembling the horn antenna and the millimeter wave plane radio frequency link.
Thus, there is a need to provide a low cost high performance broadband array antenna operating in the millimeter wave band.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the traditional millimeter wave PCB planar antenna and the traditional horn antenna, and provides a low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna. The array antenna adopts Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) feed, and a back cavity patch antenna radiation source is used for feeding a loaded metal horn antenna; combines the advantages of the planar antenna that is easy to integrate with the front-end radio frequency link and the advantage of stable radiation of the horn antenna. Meanwhile, the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna feed structure adopts broadband design, so that the processing difficulty can be reduced, and the millimeter wave array antenna with low cost and high performance can be processed.
Specifically, the invention provides a low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna, which comprises a metal horn part and a back cavity patch antenna:
the metal horn part comprises at least two metal horn antenna units for transmitting and two metal horn antenna units for receiving, which are distributed in an array;
the back cavity patch antenna comprises an antenna feed medium plate, wherein the antenna feed medium plate is provided with a number of transmitting feed units corresponding to the number of transmitting metal horn antenna units and a number of receiving feed units corresponding to the number of receiving metal horn antenna units;
the metal horn part is attached to the back cavity patch antenna through conductive adhesive, each radiating patch antenna radiating source is attached to the lower side of the corresponding radiating metal horn antenna unit, and each receiving patch antenna radiating source is attached to the lower side of the corresponding receiving metal horn antenna unit.
Further, each of the transmitting feed units includes a transmitting patch antenna radiation source, a transmitting substrate integrated waveguide back cavity, a transmitting substrate integrated waveguide transmission line, and a transmitting substrate integrated waveguide-to-microstrip line switching portion; each receiving feed unit comprises a receiving patch antenna radiation source, a receiving substrate integrated waveguide back cavity, a receiving substrate integrated waveguide transmission line and a switching part from the receiving substrate integrated waveguide to the microstrip line;
the periphery of the radiation source of the patch antenna for transmitting and the radiation source of the patch antenna for receiving is provided with a slit beside the patch.
Further, metallized through holes are distributed along the edge of the transmitting feed unit, and transmitting substrate integrated waveguide transmission lines are formed between the metallized through holes; forming a receiving substrate integrated waveguide transmission line between the metallized through holes distributed along the edge of the receiving feed unit;
the radiation source of the transmitting patch antenna, the metallized through holes arranged along the periphery of the radiation source of the transmitting patch antenna and the stratum of the antenna feed dielectric plate form a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity for transmitting; the receiving patch antenna radiation source, the metallized through holes arranged along the periphery of the receiving patch antenna radiation source and the stratum of the antenna feed dielectric plate form a receiving substrate integrated waveguide back cavity;
the feed window is surrounded by the metallized through holes, and is respectively connected with the radiation source of the patch antenna for transmitting and the transmission line of the substrate integrated waveguide for transmitting, and is connected with the radiation source of the patch antenna for receiving and the transmission line of the substrate integrated waveguide for receiving.
Further, the structures and the numbers of the metal horn antenna units for transmitting and the metal horn antenna units for receiving are the same; the number of the transmitting power supply units and the receiving power supply units are the same, and the structures are the same or mirror images are arranged.
Further, the metal horn antenna units for transmitting and the metal horn antenna units for receiving are milled on the same metal, and at least one choke groove is milled between the metal horn antenna units for transmitting, between the metal horn antenna units for receiving and between the metal horn antenna units for transmitting and the metal horn antenna units for receiving respectively, wherein the thickness and the width of the choke groove are one quarter of the working wavelength of the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna.
Further, the patch antenna radiation source for transmitting, the switching part from the substrate integrated waveguide for transmitting to the microstrip line, the patch antenna radiation source for receiving, and the switching part from the substrate integrated waveguide for receiving to the microstrip line are arranged on the front surface of the antenna feed dielectric plate; and the stratum of the back cavity patch antenna is arranged on the back of the antenna feed dielectric plate.
Further, copper is covered on the front surface of the antenna feed dielectric plate except for a gap beside the patch in a region surrounded by the metallized through hole and the transfer part from the transmitting substrate integrated waveguide to the microstrip line; copper is completely covered on the back of the antenna feed dielectric plate; the inner walls of all the metallized vias are covered with copper.
Further, the metal block is arranged above the antenna feed dielectric plate and is connected with the antenna feed dielectric plate below through a fastening and positioning device.
Further, the antenna feed dielectric plate is a Rogers R3003 plate.
Further, the number of the metal horn antenna units for transmitting is at least two, and the number of the metal horn antenna units for receiving is at least two; the distance between the adjacent transmitting metal horn antenna units is 1 wavelength, and the distance between the adjacent transmitting metal horn antenna units and the receiving metal horn antenna units is 4 wavelengths; a choke groove is arranged among the metal horn antenna units for transmitting, among the metal horn antenna units for receiving and among the metal horn antenna units for transmitting and the metal horn antenna units for receiving, the width of the choke groove is 1mm, and the depth is 1mm; the width of the metal horn antenna unit for transmitting and the metal horn antenna unit for receiving is 2.2mm, the length is 1.5mm, and the depth is 2mm; the width of the radiation source of the feed patch antenna for transmitting and the radiation source of the feed patch antenna for receiving is 1.05mm, and the length is 0.87mm; the width of the back cavity of the substrate integrated waveguide for transmitting and the back cavity of the substrate integrated waveguide for receiving are 2.15mm, and the length is 2mm; the width of the transmission substrate integrated waveguide transmission line and the receiving substrate integrated waveguide transmission line is 2.6mm, and the length is 3mm.
The low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna has the following beneficial effects:
the invention relates to a low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna, which comprises a metal horn part and a back cavity patch antenna, wherein the metal horn part at least comprises two metal horn antenna units for transmitting and two metal horn antenna units for receiving, so as to form array distribution. The back cavity patch antenna includes an antenna feed dielectric plate on which are provided a number of transmission feed units corresponding to the number of transmission metal horn antenna units, and a number of reception feed units corresponding to the number of reception metal horn antenna units. The metal horn antenna unit for transmitting and the corresponding feed unit for transmitting form a transmitting antenna; the receiving metal horn antenna unit and the corresponding receiving power supply unit constitute a receiving antenna. The low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna combines the advantages of the metal loudspeaker and the planar PCB antenna, and simultaneously effectively avoids the defects of the metal loudspeaker and the planar PCB antenna. Particularly, the radiation part of the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna adopts a metal horn antenna unit, and the advantage of a broadband radiation pattern is utilized; the feed structure adopts a planar patch antenna of a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) back cavity as the feed structure of the horn antenna; the antenna loaded by the SIW back cavity has wider impedance bandwidth, so that the inner wall of the horn antenna can adopt a simple and easy-to-mill cuboid air cavity without special shaping; meanwhile, the SIW transmission line has the characteristics of low loss, low space radiation, high power capacity, small size and the like, and is suitable for serving as a plane transmission line of a millimeter wave frequency band.
According to the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna, the transmitting metal horn antenna unit and the receiving metal horn antenna unit are processed on the same metal block, so that errors caused by later assembly are reduced; meanwhile, the choke grooves are respectively added among the receiving/transmitting horn antennas, the transmitting/transmitting horn antennas and the receiving/transmitting horn antennas, so that the receiving isolation and the receiving isolation of the antennas are improved. Meanwhile, the structures of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are completely the same, so that the design difficulty and the workload are reduced.
The transmission ports of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna of the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna adopt the transfer from the microstrip line to the SIW feeder line, and the microstrip line can be well interconnected with the receiving-transmitting radio frequency link. The design is favorable for the integrated design of the transceiving link and the transceiving antenna system, improves the design efficiency and reduces the processing difficulty.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic general structural view of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of radiation directions according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of return loss and isolation for an embodiment of the present invention.
The marks in the figure are as follows: the antenna comprises a 1-transmitting metal horn antenna unit, a 2-transmitting feed unit, a 3-transmitting patch antenna radiation source, a 4-transmitting substrate integrated waveguide back cavity, a 5-transmitting substrate integrated waveguide transmission line, a switching part from a 6-transmitting substrate integrated waveguide to a microstrip line, a 7-patch side gap, an 8-metalized through hole, a 9-feed window, a 10-antenna feed dielectric plate, a 11-receiving metal horn antenna unit, a 12-receiving feed unit, a 13-receiving patch antenna radiation source, a 14-receiving substrate integrated waveguide back cavity, a 15-receiving substrate integrated waveguide transmission line, a switching part from a 16-receiving substrate integrated waveguide to the microstrip line and a 17-choke slot.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
An embodiment 1 of the present invention is a low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna, mainly including two parts: a metal horn section and a back cavity patch antenna.
As shown in fig. 1, the metal horn section includes at least two transmitting metal horn antenna units 1 and two receiving metal horn antenna units 11, and is distributed in an array. The transmitting metal horn antenna unit 1 and the receiving metal horn antenna unit 11 are identical in structure and are machined on the same metal by a milling machine.
The back cavity patch antenna includes an antenna feed dielectric plate 10 on which transmission feed units 2 corresponding to the number of transmission metal horn antenna units 1 and reception feed units 12 corresponding to the number of reception metal horn antenna units 11 are provided. The metal horn antenna unit 1 for transmitting and the corresponding feed unit 2 for transmitting form a transmitting antenna; the receiving metal horn antenna unit 11 and the corresponding receiving power supply unit 12 constitute a receiving antenna. Each of the transmitting power feeding units 2 includes a transmitting patch antenna radiation source 3, a transmitting substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 4, a transmitting substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 5, and a transmitting substrate integrated waveguide-to-microstrip line switching section 6; each of the reception power feeding units 12 includes a reception patch antenna radiation source 13, a reception substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 14, a reception substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 15, and a reception substrate integrated waveguide-to-microstrip line changeover portion 16. The periphery of the transmitting patch antenna radiation source 3 and the receiving patch antenna radiation source 13 is provided with a patch side slit 7. A substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 5 for transmission is formed between two rows of metallized through holes 8 distributed along the edge of the feeding unit 2 for transmission; a receiving substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 15 is formed between two rows of metallized through holes 8 distributed along the edge of the receiving power feeding unit 12. The radiation source 3 of the transmitting patch antenna, the metallized through holes 8 arranged along the periphery of the radiation source 3 of the transmitting patch antenna and the stratum of the antenna feed dielectric plate 10 form a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 4 for transmitting; the receiving chip-integrated waveguide back cavity 14 is formed between the receiving patch antenna radiation source 13, the metallized through holes 8 provided along the periphery of the receiving patch antenna radiation source 13, and the ground layer of the antenna feed dielectric plate 10. The feed window 9 is surrounded by the metallized through hole 8, and is respectively connected with the patch antenna radiation source 3 for transmitting and the substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 5 for transmitting, and is connected with the patch antenna radiation source 13 for receiving and the substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 15 for receiving.
The transmitting patch antenna radiation source 3 and the receiving patch antenna radiation source 13 feed the transmitting metal feedhorn unit 1 and the receiving metal feedhorn unit 11, respectively. The transmitting substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 5 and the receiving substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 15 are low-loss and low-coupling shielded transmission lines, and the fed transmitting patch antenna radiation source 3 and receiving patch antenna radiation source 13 are connected to the transmitting link and receiving link at the rear end, respectively.
The metal horn part and the back cavity patch antenna are tightly attached through conductive adhesive, each radiating patch antenna radiation source 3 is attached to the lower part of the corresponding radiating metal horn antenna unit 1, and each receiving patch antenna radiation source 13 is attached to the lower part of the corresponding receiving metal horn antenna unit 11. The antenna signal to be transmitted by the metal horn antenna unit 1 is fed through the transmitting substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 4 and the transmitting patch antenna radiation source 3 via the transmitting substrate integrated waveguide to microstrip line switching part 6, transmitting substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 5 and feeding window 9. The antenna signal received by the reception metal horn antenna unit 11 passes through the reception patch antenna radiation source 13, the reception substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 14, the feed window 9, and the reception substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 15, and reaches the substrate integrated waveguide-microstrip line transition portion 16. Compared with the traditional metal horn array antenna, the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna has the advantage of easy integration with a millimeter wave radio frequency link; compared with a PCB planar array antenna, the antenna has the advantages of high bandwidth and high isolation between array elements.
Preferably, in another embodiment 2, the structures and the numbers of the transmitting metal feedhorn unit 1 and the receiving metal feedhorn unit 11 of the metal horn section are identical; the transmitting power supply unit 2 and the receiving power supply unit 12 of the back cavity patch antenna have the same structure and number, and can be arranged in a mirror image mode. The transmitting and receiving functions of the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna of the embodiment adopt the same structure, and compared with adopting different structures, the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna can reduce the design workload of the antenna and is more convenient to process.
In another embodiment 3, the transmitting metal feedhorn unit 1 and the receiving metal feedhorn unit 11 are milled on the same piece of metal, and at least one choke groove 17 is milled between the transmitting metal feedhorn unit, the receiving metal feedhorn unit, and the transmitting metal feedhorn unit and the receiving metal feedhorn unit, respectively, and the thickness and width of the choke groove 17 are about one quarter of the operating wavelength of the array antenna. The current distribution on the metal surface can be changed by introducing a choke groove between the metal horn antenna units of the metal horn part, so that the receiving isolation and the receiving isolation between the metal horn antenna units of the antenna array are effectively improved.
In another embodiment 4, the patch antenna radiation source for transmission 3, the transit portion for transmission substrate integrated waveguide to microstrip line 6, the patch antenna radiation source for reception 13, and the transit portion for reception substrate integrated waveguide to microstrip line 16 are located on the front surface of the antenna feed dielectric plate 10. The ground layer of the back cavity patch antenna is located on the back side of the antenna feed dielectric plate 10. Because the millimeter wave link at the rear end is generally located on the front side of the dielectric plate, the feeding unit of the embodiment is located on the front side of the antenna feeding dielectric plate 10, so that the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna system and the millimeter wave link at the rear end of the embodiment can be designed and processed integrally, thereby reducing the complexity and cost of the system.
Preferably, in another embodiment 5, on the front surface of the antenna feed dielectric plate 10, etching is performed outside the region surrounded by the metallized through hole 8, the transmitting substrate integrated waveguide to the transition portion 6 of the microstrip line, outside the region surrounded by the metallized through hole 8, the receiving substrate integrated waveguide to the transition portion 16 of the microstrip line, and at the patch side slit 7, so that the region remaining after etching is subjected to copper-clad treatment. The copper-clad layer on the back of the antenna feed dielectric plate 10, i.e., the ground layer of the back cavity patch antenna, remains completely. The inner walls of all the metallized through holes 8 are also covered with copper, thereby connecting the copper-covered areas of the front and back sides of the antenna feed dielectric plate 10 as a whole. Because the millimeter wave circuit is designed and processed by adopting a copper-clad dielectric plate, the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna based on the copper-clad plate is beneficial to reducing the connection difficulty of an antenna system and a rear-end millimeter wave radio frequency link and the overall cost of the system.
Preferably, in another embodiment 6, a metal block including a metal horn portion is placed above the antenna feed dielectric plate 10, and is directly and tightly connected with the antenna feed dielectric plate 10 below by fastening and positioning means (such as screws and positioning pins), so as to ensure the operational stability of the antenna.
Preferably, in another embodiment 7, the antenna feeding dielectric plate 10 is a Rogers R3003 plate having a dielectric constant of 3.0 and a thickness of 0.127mm. Compared with other high-frequency millimeter wave plates, the Rogers R3003 plate has low cost and large use amount, and the rear-end circuit basically uses the plate, so that the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna system and the millimeter wave link at the rear end can be integrally designed and processed, thereby reducing the complexity and cost of the system.
In another embodiment 8, the low cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna has at least two transmitting metallic horn antenna units 1 and two receiving metallic horn antenna units 11. The distance between two adjacent metal horn antenna units for transmitting is 1 working wavelength, and the distance between the two adjacent metal horn antenna units for transmitting and the metal horn antenna unit for receiving is 4 working wavelengths. The working frequency band of the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna is 76.5-83.5 GHz.
A flow-suppressing groove 17 is milled between the transmitting metal horn antenna units, between the receiving metal horn antenna units, and between the transmitting metal horn antenna units and the receiving metal horn antenna units, and the width of the flow-suppressing groove 17 is 1mm and the depth is 1mm. The width of the metal horn antenna unit for transmitting and the metal horn antenna unit for receiving are 2.2mm, the length is 1.5mm, and the depth is 2mm. The width of the radiation source 3 for transmitting and the radiation source 13 for receiving feed patch antenna was 1.05mm and the length was 0.87mm. The back cavities of the SIW (i.e., the transmission substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 4 and the reception substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 14) have a width of 2.15mm and a length of 2mm. The SIW transmission lines (i.e., the transmission substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 5 and the reception substrate integrated waveguide back cavity transmission line 15) have a width of 2.6mm and a length of 3mm.
In order to verify the performance of the present invention, the return loss and radiation pattern of the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna of example 8 were simulated, and the simulation results are shown in fig. 2 and 3. As can be seen from fig. 2, the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna of the invention has smoother main beam and smaller ripple, and is suitable for the application of a wireless communication system. As can be seen from fig. 3, the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna of the embodiment has a reflection coefficient (S11) smaller than-15 dB in the working frequency band of 76.5-83.5 GHz, and the port isolation (S21) of the transceiver antenna is better than-34 dB, so that good matching and isolation characteristics are realized in a wider frequency band.
The invention relates to a low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna, which comprises a metal horn part and a back cavity patch antenna, wherein the metal horn part at least comprises two metal horn antenna units for transmitting and two metal horn antenna units for receiving, so as to form array distribution. The back cavity patch antenna includes an antenna feed dielectric plate on which are provided a number of transmission feed units corresponding to the number of transmission metal horn antenna units, and a number of reception feed units corresponding to the number of reception metal horn antenna units. The metal horn antenna unit for transmitting and the corresponding feed unit for transmitting form a transmitting antenna; the receiving metal horn antenna unit and the corresponding receiving power supply unit 12 constitute a receiving antenna. The low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna combines the advantages of the metal loudspeaker and the planar PCB antenna, and simultaneously effectively avoids the defects of the metal loudspeaker and the planar PCB antenna. Particularly, the radiation part of the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna adopts a metal horn antenna unit, and the advantage of a broadband radiation pattern is utilized; the feed structure adopts a planar patch antenna of a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) back cavity as the feed structure of the horn antenna; the antenna loaded by the SIW back cavity has wider impedance bandwidth, so that the inner wall of the horn antenna can adopt a simple and easy-to-mill cuboid air cavity without special shaping; meanwhile, the SIW transmission line has the characteristics of low loss, low space radiation, high power capacity, small size and the like, and is suitable for serving as a plane transmission line of a millimeter wave frequency band.
According to the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna, the transmitting metal horn antenna unit and the receiving metal horn antenna unit are processed on the same metal block, so that errors caused by later assembly are reduced; meanwhile, the choke grooves are respectively added among the receiving/transmitting horn antennas, the transmitting/transmitting horn antennas and the receiving/transmitting horn antennas, so that the receiving isolation and the receiving isolation of the antennas are improved. Meanwhile, the structures of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are completely the same, so that the design difficulty and the workload are reduced.
The transmission ports of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna of the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna adopt the transfer from the microstrip line to the SIW feeder line, and the microstrip line can be well interconnected with the receiving-transmitting radio frequency link. The design is favorable for the integrated design of the transceiving link and the transceiving antenna system, improves the design efficiency and reduces the processing difficulty.
In summary, the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna can be realized only through a mature, simple and low-cost machining process and a standard single-layer PCB process; meanwhile, other performances of the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna, such as return loss, bandwidth and radiation pattern, keep excellent characteristics.
While the invention has been disclosed in terms of preferred embodiments, the embodiments are not intended to limit the invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and are intended to be within the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention should therefore be determined by the following claims.
Claims (8)
1. A low cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna comprising a metallic horn portion and a back cavity patch antenna:
the metal horn part comprises at least two metal horn antenna units for transmitting and two metal horn antenna units for receiving, which are distributed in an array; the metal horn antenna unit for transmitting and the metal horn antenna unit for receiving are milled on the same metal block;
the back cavity patch antenna comprises an antenna feed medium plate, wherein the antenna feed medium plate is provided with a number of transmitting feed units corresponding to the number of transmitting metal horn antenna units and a number of receiving feed units corresponding to the number of receiving metal horn antenna units; each transmitting feed unit comprises a transmitting patch antenna radiation source, a transmitting substrate integrated waveguide back cavity, a transmitting substrate integrated waveguide transmission line and a transmitting substrate integrated waveguide-to-microstrip line switching part; each receiving feed unit comprises a receiving patch antenna radiation source, a receiving substrate integrated waveguide back cavity, a receiving substrate integrated waveguide transmission line and a switching part from the receiving substrate integrated waveguide to the microstrip line; the periphery of the radiation source of the patch antenna for transmitting and the radiation source of the patch antenna for receiving is provided with a slit beside the patch; metallized through holes are distributed along the edges of the transmitting power supply unit and the receiving power supply unit, and a transmitting substrate integrated waveguide transmission line and a receiving substrate integrated waveguide transmission line are respectively formed between the metallized through holes; the radiation source of the transmitting patch antenna, the metallized through holes arranged along the periphery of the radiation source of the transmitting patch antenna and the stratum of the antenna feed dielectric plate form a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity for transmitting; the receiving patch antenna radiation source, the metallized through holes arranged along the periphery of the receiving patch antenna radiation source and the stratum of the antenna feed dielectric plate form a receiving substrate integrated waveguide back cavity; a feed window is surrounded by the metallized through holes and is respectively connected with a patch antenna radiation source for transmitting and a substrate integrated waveguide transmission line for transmitting and a patch antenna radiation source for receiving and a substrate integrated waveguide transmission line for receiving;
the metal horn part is attached to the back cavity patch antenna through conductive adhesive, each radiating patch antenna radiating source is attached to the lower side of the corresponding radiating metal horn antenna unit, and each receiving patch antenna radiating source is attached to the lower side of the corresponding receiving metal horn antenna unit.
2. The low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the metallic horn antenna elements for transmission and the metallic horn antenna elements for reception are identical in structure and number; the number of the transmitting power supply units and the receiving power supply units are the same, and the structures are the same or mirror images are arranged.
3. The low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna of claim 1, wherein at least one choke groove is milled between the transmitting metal horn antenna elements, between the receiving metal horn antenna elements, and between the transmitting metal horn antenna elements and the receiving metal horn antenna elements, respectively, the choke groove having a thickness and a width that are each one quarter of an operating wavelength of the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna.
4. The low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the patch antenna radiation source for transmission, the transfer portion of the substrate integrated waveguide for transmission to the microstrip line, the patch antenna radiation source for reception, and the transfer portion of the substrate integrated waveguide for reception to the microstrip line are provided on the front surface of the antenna feed dielectric plate; and the stratum of the back cavity patch antenna is arranged on the back of the antenna feed dielectric plate.
5. The low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna according to claim 4, wherein copper is covered on the front surface of said antenna feed dielectric plate except for the slit beside the patch in the region surrounded by the metallized through hole and the transfer part of the transmitting substrate integrated waveguide to the microstrip line; copper is completely covered on the back of the antenna feed dielectric plate; the inner walls of all the metallized vias are covered with copper.
6. A low cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna according to claim 3, wherein said metal block is placed above the antenna feed dielectric plate and is connected to the antenna feed dielectric plate below by fastening and positioning means.
7. The low cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna of claim 1, wherein said antenna feed dielectric plate is a Rogers R3003 plate.
8. The low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna according to claim 1, wherein said at least two transmitting metal horn antenna elements and said at least two receiving metal horn antenna elements; the distance between the adjacent transmitting metal horn antenna units is 1 wavelength, and the distance between the adjacent transmitting metal horn antenna units and the receiving metal horn antenna units is 4 wavelengths; a choke groove is arranged among the metal horn antenna units for transmitting, among the metal horn antenna units for receiving and among the metal horn antenna units for transmitting and the metal horn antenna units for receiving, the width of the choke groove is 1mm, and the depth is 1mm; the width of the metal horn antenna unit for transmitting and the metal horn antenna unit for receiving is 2.2mm, the length is 1.5mm, and the depth is 2mm; the width of the radiation source of the feed patch antenna for transmitting and the radiation source of the feed patch antenna for receiving is 1.05mm, and the length is 0.87mm; the width of the back cavity of the substrate integrated waveguide for transmitting and the back cavity of the substrate integrated waveguide for receiving are 2.15mm, and the length is 2mm; the width of the transmission substrate integrated waveguide transmission line and the receiving substrate integrated waveguide transmission line is 2.6mm, and the length is 3mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011136490.XA CN112382856B (en) | 2020-10-21 | 2020-10-21 | Low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011136490.XA CN112382856B (en) | 2020-10-21 | 2020-10-21 | Low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN112382856A CN112382856A (en) | 2021-02-19 |
| CN112382856B true CN112382856B (en) | 2023-05-05 |
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