CN111146581B - Double-layer antenna structure - Google Patents
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- CN111146581B CN111146581B CN202010059982.7A CN202010059982A CN111146581B CN 111146581 B CN111146581 B CN 111146581B CN 202010059982 A CN202010059982 A CN 202010059982A CN 111146581 B CN111146581 B CN 111146581B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/20—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements characterised by the operating wavebands
- H01Q5/28—Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-layer antenna structure, which comprises: the dielectric plate structure comprises a first dielectric plate and a second dielectric plate, wherein the top surface of the first dielectric plate is connected with the bottom surface of the second dielectric plate, a grounding metal layer is arranged on the bottom surface of the first dielectric plate, a first metal layer is arranged on the top surface of the first dielectric plate, and a second metal layer is arranged on the top surface of the second dielectric plate; the radiation substructure is arranged on the second metal layer and comprises a first radiation part and a second radiation part; the feed substructure is arranged on the first metal layer and comprises a first feed part, a first metal sheet and a second metal sheet, the first metal sheet is arranged on one side of the first feed part and is connected with the grounding metal layer through a first through hole of the first metal sheet; the second metal sheet is arranged on the other side of the first feed portion and is connected with the grounding metal layer through a second through hole of the second metal sheet. The double-layer antenna structure has good passband characteristics and wide stopband characteristics, and the feeding mode is diversified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency communication, in particular to a double-layer antenna structure.
Background
With the rapid development of modern wireless communication systems, communication devices are continuously advancing toward multifunctional integration, miniaturization, integration, modularization and intellectualization. Thus, more stringent requirements are placed on wireless communication technologies.
As is well known, an antenna is one of the important components in a wireless communication system as a core component for transmitting and receiving electromagnetic waves, and the quality of the antenna performance largely determines the quality of the whole wireless communication system. In order to adapt to the working environment of miniaturization and multi-frequency integration of a communication system, the antenna unit for wireless receiving and transmitting puts forward the requirements for miniaturization, built-in, multi-frequency band and intellectualization. The microstrip patch antenna is the best choice for the built-in antenna of the mobile terminal due to the characteristics of small volume, light weight, low profile and conformality. For this reason, multiband antennas have become one of the hot spots of research in recent years. However, microstrip antennas have the disadvantages of low gain and narrow bandwidth, which limits their applications to some extent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a double-layer antenna structure which has the characteristics of multiple frequency bands, can realize high-gain passband characteristics and wide stopband characteristics, has diversified feeding modes and has higher engineering practical value.
In order to solve the above technical problem, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is to provide a dual-layer antenna structure, where the antenna includes:
the dielectric plate structure comprises a first dielectric plate and a second dielectric plate, wherein the top surface of the first dielectric plate is connected with the bottom surface of the second dielectric plate, a grounding metal layer is arranged on the bottom surface of the first dielectric plate, a first metal layer is arranged on the top surface of the first dielectric plate, and a second metal layer is arranged on the top surface of the second dielectric plate;
the radiating substructure is arranged on the second metal layer and comprises a first radiating part and a second radiating part connected with the first radiating part; and
the feed substructure is arranged on the first metal layer and comprises a first feed part, a first metal sheet and a second metal sheet, wherein the first metal sheet is arranged on one side of the first feed part and is connected with the grounding metal layer through a first through hole of the first metal sheet; the second metal sheet is arranged on the other side of the first feed portion and is connected with the grounding metal layer through a second through hole of the second metal sheet.
In an alternative embodiment, the radiating substructures are symmetrically arranged with respect to a central axis of the second dielectric slab, and the first radiating part and the second radiating part are rectangles with different sizes.
In an optional embodiment, the feeding sub-structure is disposed in a left-right symmetric manner with respect to a central axis of the first dielectric plate, and the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet are disposed symmetrically with respect to the first feeding portion.
In an optional embodiment, the first feeding portion includes a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line, a third microstrip line, and a fourth microstrip line connected to the second microstrip line, wherein one end of the second microstrip line is connected to the first microstrip line, and the other end of the second microstrip line is connected to the third microstrip line, and the first microstrip line and the third microstrip line are arranged in bilateral symmetry with respect to the fourth microstrip line.
In an optional implementation manner, the first microstrip line, the third microstrip line, and the fourth microstrip line are respectively and vertically disposed with the second microstrip line.
In an optional embodiment, the first microstrip line, the second microstrip line, the third microstrip line and the fourth microstrip line have the same width.
In an optional implementation manner, the feed substructure further includes a third via and a fourth via, where the third via is disposed at the bottom of the fourth microstrip and penetrates through the first dielectric plate, and the fourth via is connected to the third via and penetrates through the ground metal layer.
In an optional embodiment, the first through hole is disposed at the bottom of the first metal sheet, and the second through hole is disposed at the bottom of the second metal sheet.
In an optional embodiment, the first through hole and the second through hole penetrate through the first dielectric plate, and inner walls of the first through hole and the second through hole are covered with a metal layer.
In an optional embodiment, the first feeding portion and the ground metal layer form a feeding port, or the first feeding portion and the first metal sheet form a feeding port, or the first feeding portion and the second metal sheet form a feeding port, or the first feeding portion and the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet form a feeding port at the same time.
In the embodiment of the invention, the frequency band required by the double-layer antenna structure can be freely designed through the adjustment of a plurality of related parameters, meanwhile, the passband characteristic and the stopband characteristic of the double-layer antenna structure can be adjusted through the radiation substructure, and the wide stopband characteristic can be provided through the feed substructure, so that the influence of harmonic frequency on other systems and the influence generated when out-of-band frequency enters the system through a coupling mode are solved, and the electromagnetic compatibility of the whole system is improved; in addition, the double-layer antenna structure provides multiple feed access modes and has higher engineering practical value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic front perspective view of a dual-layer antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an external schematic view of a dual-layer antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an upper layer of a dual-layer antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an intermediate layer of a dual-layer antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a bottom schematic view of a dual-layer antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an equivalent circuit diagram of a dual-layer antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a frequency ratio of a dual-layer antenna structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of S parameter response of a dual-layer antenna structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 to 5, fig. 1 is a schematic front perspective view illustrating a dual-layer antenna structure in an embodiment of the present invention, fig. 2 is a schematic external view illustrating the dual-layer antenna structure in the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 3 is a schematic upper-layer view illustrating the dual-layer antenna structure in the embodiment of the present invention, fig. 4 is a schematic middle-layer view illustrating the dual-layer antenna structure in the embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 5 is a schematic bottom-layer view illustrating the dual-layer antenna structure in the embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, a dual-layer antenna structure includes a dielectric plate structure 1, a radiation substructure 2, and a feed substructure 3, where the dielectric plate structure 1 includes a first dielectric plate 11 and a second dielectric plate 12, a top surface of the first dielectric plate 11 is connected to a bottom surface of the second dielectric plate 12, a ground metal layer 112 is disposed on the bottom surface of the first dielectric plate 11, a first metal layer 113 is disposed on the top surface of the first dielectric plate 11, and a second metal layer 122 is disposed on the top surface of the second dielectric plate 12. The radiation substructure 2 is disposed on the second metal layer 122, the electron-feeding structure 3 is disposed on the first metal layer 113, and when the electron-feeding structure 3 is fed with electromagnetic excitation, signals are transmitted to the radiation substructure 2 in a coupling manner, and then the signals are radiated outwards through the radiation substructure 2.
The radiating substructures 2 are symmetrically arranged, that is, the radiating substructures 2 are symmetrically arranged left and right relative to the central axis of the second dielectric slab 12. The embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the complete, and the radiation substructure 2 may also be disposed in a vertical symmetry manner, or may also be disposed in an asymmetric manner.
Specifically, the radiating substructure 2 includes a first radiating portion 21 and a second radiating portion 22 connected to the first radiating portion 21, where the first radiating portion 21 and the second radiating portion 22 are rectangles with different sizes, and a short-side midpoint of the first radiating portion 21 coincides with a short-side midpoint of the second radiating portion 22. The first radiation portion 21 and the second radiation portion 22 are microstrip lines made of metal.
The electron feeding structures 3 are symmetrically arranged, that is, the electron feeding structures 3 are symmetrically arranged left and right relative to the central axis of the first dielectric slab 11. The embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the complete, and the radiation substructures may be arranged in a vertical symmetry manner, or in an asymmetric manner.
Specifically, the feeding substructure 3 includes a first feeding portion 31, a first metal sheet 32, and a second metal sheet 33, where the first metal sheet 32 is disposed on one side of the first feeding portion 31, the second metal sheet 33 is disposed on the other side of the first feeding portion 31, and the first metal sheet 32 and the second metal sheet 33 are symmetrically disposed about the first feeding portion 31.
The first metal sheet 32 is connected to the ground metal layer 112 through the first via 36 of the first metal sheet 32, and the second metal sheet 33 is connected to the ground metal layer 112 through the second via 37 of the second metal sheet 33.
It should be noted that, no matter the radiation substructure 2 or the feed-electron structure 3 is asymmetrically arranged, corresponding characteristic parameters need to be adjusted according to actual application scenarios, so as to reduce the influence on the whole antenna system.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the dual-layer antenna structure can generate dual-band operating characteristics by using the three-layer overlapped patch structure, the passband characteristics and the stopband characteristics of the dual-layer antenna structure can be adjusted by using the radiation substructure 2, and the stopband characteristics can be provided by using the feed substructure 3, so that the dual-layer antenna structure has wide stopband characteristics while realizing high-gain passband characteristics.
In the present embodiment, the first feeding portion 31 has a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms.
Further, the first feeding portion 31 includes a first microstrip line 311, a second microstrip line 312, a third microstrip line 313 and a fourth microstrip line 314 connected to the second microstrip line 312, wherein one end of the second microstrip line 312 is connected to the first microstrip line 311, the other end is connected to the third microstrip line 313, and the first microstrip line 311 and the third microstrip line 313 are arranged in a left-right symmetrical manner with respect to the fourth microstrip line 314.
The first microstrip line 311, the third microstrip line 313 and the fourth microstrip line 314 are respectively perpendicular to the second microstrip line 312, wherein the first microstrip line 311, the second microstrip line 312 and the third microstrip line 313 form a U-shaped metal sheet, which ensures that the dual-layer antenna structure realizes broadband and miniaturization.
It should be noted that the first microstrip line 311, the second microstrip line 312, the third microstrip line 313 and the fourth microstrip line 314 have the same width to ensure that the same characteristic impedance is provided. In the embodiment of the present invention, the size of the broadside will affect the frequency bandwidth, radiation efficiency and impedance matching of the dual-layer antenna structure, and the size limitation is always less than half of the free-space wavelength.
Further, the feed sub-structure 3 further includes a third via 34 and a fourth via 35, where the third via 34 is disposed at the bottom of the fourth microstrip line 314 and penetrates through the first dielectric plate 11, and the fourth via 35 is connected to the third via 34 and penetrates through the ground metal layer 112.
In an embodiment, a coaxial probe of an SMA connector on a coaxial feeder line is connected to the fourth microstrip line 314 through the third via 34, and a metal contact surface of the SMA connector is connected to the ground metal layer 112 by using a welding technique, wherein the fourth via 35 is configured to adapt to a structure of the SMA connector; here a coaxial feed is used to provide electromagnetic excitation to the radiating substructure 2.
In another embodiment, the first feeding portion 31 and the ground metal layer 112 form a feeding port, and a side feeding manner is adopted here to provide electromagnetic excitation to the radiating substructure 2.
Further, the first through hole 36 is disposed at the bottom of the first metal sheet 32, the second through hole 37 is disposed at the bottom of the second metal sheet 33, the first through hole 36 and the second through hole 37 penetrate through the first dielectric plate 11, and a metal layer covers inner walls of the first through hole 36 and the second through hole 37.
In yet another embodiment, at least one of the first feeding portion 31 and the first metal sheet 32 and the second metal sheet 33 constitutes a feeding port, that is, the first feeding portion 31 and the first metal sheet 32 constitute a feeding port, or the first feeding portion 31 and the second metal sheet 33 constitute a feeding port, or the first feeding portion 31 and the first metal sheet 32 and the second metal sheet 33 constitute a feeding port at the same time; here a planar feeding is used to provide electromagnetic excitation to the radiating substructure 2.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the first power feeding unit 31 serves as an input terminal of a positive signal, and the ground metal layer 112 serves as a reference ground. Since the first metal piece 32 is connected to the ground metal layer 112 through the first via 36, and the second metal piece 33 is connected to the ground metal layer 112 through the second via 37, both the first metal piece 32 and the second metal piece 33 are referenced to the ground.
Since the first feeding portion 31 and at least one of the first metal plate 32 and the second metal plate 33 may constitute a feeding port, the first feeding portion 31 and the metal plate 34 may also constitute a feeding port, and in addition, feeding may be directly performed through the coaxial feeding line 35. Therefore, the double-layer antenna structure provides a plurality of different feed access modes which are not influenced mutually, has the characteristics of easy engineering equipment, expandable performance and high system integration, and embodies higher engineering practical value; and various feeding access modes can be suitable for different application scenes, for example, the feeding mode applied to the GPS and ISM adopts a coaxial feeding mode.
It should be noted that an electrical signal is generated by the feeding substructure 3 and transmitted to the radiating substructure 2 by means of coupling, wherein the amount of coupling energy between the feeding substructure 3 and the radiating substructure 2 is achieved by adjusting the thickness of the second dielectric plate 12 and the relative dielectric constant thereof.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the feeding electronic structure 3 determines that the E face of the dual-layer antenna structure has good directivity, and the radiating sub-structure 2 determines that the H face of the dual-layer antenna structure has good omni-directivity.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the specific size design of the dual-layer antenna structure actually depends on the resonant frequency thereof, in order to research the frequency characteristics of the dual-layer antenna structure, a traditional transmission line model is improved and analyzed by modeling, an equivalent circuit diagram of the dual-layer antenna structure as shown in fig. 6 is provided, and the electrical admittance of the dual-layer antenna structure is calculated as:
in the formula, YsmAs a coupling factor, Y1Is the admittance of said first radiating portion 21, Y2Is the admittance, theta, of said second radiating portion 221Is an electrical length, theta, of the first radiation portion 212Is the electrical length of the second radiation portion 22.
Based on the calculation result of the formula (1), when the resonance condition I is satisfiedm(Yin) In the case of 0, the calculation formula of the resonant frequency of the dual-layer antenna structure is as follows:
tan[αθ+arctan(K tan(1-α)θ]＝0 (2)
where K is an impedance ratio, α is an attenuation constant, and θ is an electrical length of the double-layer antenna structure.
Obtaining a frequency ratio schematic diagram of the double-layer antenna structure shown in fig. 7 based on formula (2), inquiring corresponding parameter values alpha and K in fig. 7 according to a preset frequency band aiming at the design of the double-layer antenna structure, and obtaining the size parameter of the double-layer antenna structure by a reverse-derivation method.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the characteristics of the dual-layer antenna structure are described by taking a specific size design as an example. The first dielectric plate 11 and the second dielectric plate 12 are both made of FR4 material with a dielectric constant of 4.5, the plate thickness is 1.6mm, and the size of the double-layer antenna structure is 80 × 40 × 3.2 mm.
It should be noted that the first dielectric plate 11 includes a first dielectric layer 111, the ground metal layer 112, and the first metal layer 113, and the second dielectric plate 12 includes a second dielectric layer 121 and the second metal layer 122. The material of the first dielectric layer 111 and the second dielectric layer 121 is not limited to FR4 material, and may be other materials. In the present invention, the first dielectric plate 11 and the second dielectric plate 12 are used for supporting the whole antenna structure and participating in signal transmission, so that the material of the first dielectric layer 111 and the second dielectric layer 121 will affect the signal transmission capability of the ground metal layer 112, the first metal layer 113 and the second metal layer 122.
The first radiating portion 21 has a length L120mm and a width W11mm, the length of the second radiation part 22 is L212mm and width W2＝12mm。
The widths of the first microstrip line 311, the second microstrip line 312, the third microstrip line 313 and the fourth microstrip line 314 are all W31.45mm, the lengths of the first microstrip line 311 and the third microstrip line 313 are both L36.1mm, the length of the second microstrip line 312 is L44.35 mm. The size of each microstrip line is according to the double-layer antennaThe preset frequency band of the line structure is designed by using the size limiting condition, and the design freedom degree of the antenna is increased.
Further, the return loss of the double-layer antenna structure is analyzed by using the S-parameter response diagram of the double-layer antenna structure shown in fig. 8. As can be seen from fig. 8, two resonant frequencies of the dual-layer antenna structure are 1.57GHz and 2.4GHz, respectively, that is, the dual-layer antenna structure can operate in a GPS 1.57GHz band and also can operate in an ISM 2.4GHz band, and a ratio of a 10dB stop band frequency to a pass band frequency can reach 3.4, so that the dual-layer antenna structure has a wide stop band characteristic, and the possibility of influence on other systems by the resonant frequency and influence on the systems by out-of-band frequencies entering the systems through antenna coupling is solved, thereby improving the electromagnetic compatibility of the entire system.
Aiming at the manufacture of the double-layer antenna structure, because the double-layer antenna structure is a three-layer structure of a double-layer dielectric plate, the double-layer antenna structure can be processed and manufactured by utilizing the traditional PCB or low-temperature co-fired ceramic technology, the cost is low, and the processing difficulty is relatively low. And, for fixing the double-deck dielectric plate on the double-deck antenna structure, can fix through the screw that is located four corners.
The above detailed description of the dual-layer antenna structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention is to be taken as an example to explain the principle and the implementation of the present invention, and the above description of the embodiment is only used to help understand the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there may be variations in the specific embodiments and the application scope, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A dual-layer antenna structure, the antenna comprising:
the dielectric plate structure comprises a first dielectric plate and a second dielectric plate, wherein the top surface of the first dielectric plate is connected with the bottom surface of the second dielectric plate, a grounding metal layer is arranged on the bottom surface of the first dielectric plate, a first metal layer is arranged on the top surface of the first dielectric plate, and a second metal layer is arranged on the top surface of the second dielectric plate;
the radiation substructure is arranged on the second metal layer and comprises a first radiation part and a second radiation part connected with the first radiation part, and the first radiation part and the second radiation part are microstrip lines made of metal; and
the feed substructure is arranged on the first metal layer and comprises a first feed part, a first metal sheet and a second metal sheet, wherein the first metal sheet is arranged on one side of the first feed part and is connected with the grounding metal layer through a first through hole of the first metal sheet; the second metal sheet is arranged on the other side of the first feed part and is connected with the grounding metal layer through a second through hole of the second metal sheet;
the feed sub-structures are arranged in a left-right symmetrical mode relative to the central axis of the first dielectric plate, wherein the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet are arranged symmetrically relative to the first feed portion;
the first feed portion comprises a first microstrip line, a second microstrip line, a third microstrip line and a fourth microstrip line connected with the second microstrip line, wherein one end of the second microstrip line is connected with the first microstrip line, the other end of the second microstrip line is connected with the third microstrip line, and the first microstrip line and the third microstrip line are arranged in bilateral symmetry relative to the fourth microstrip line;
the first microstrip line, the second microstrip line and the third microstrip line form a U-shaped metal sheet.
2. The dual-layer antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the radiating sub-structures are disposed in a left-right symmetrical manner with respect to a central axis of the second dielectric board, and wherein the first radiating portion and the second radiating portion are rectangles with different sizes.
3. The dual-layer antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the first microstrip line, the third microstrip line and the fourth microstrip line are respectively disposed perpendicular to the second microstrip line.
4. The dual-layer antenna structure of claim 3, wherein the first microstrip line, the second microstrip line, the third microstrip line and the fourth microstrip line have the same width.
5. The dual-layer antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the electronic feed structure further comprises a third via and a fourth via, wherein the third via is disposed at the bottom of the fourth microstrip and penetrates through the first dielectric plate, and the fourth via is connected to the third via and penetrates through the ground metal layer.
6. The dual-layer antenna structure of claim 1, wherein the first via is disposed at a bottom of the first metal plate, and the second via is disposed at a bottom of the second metal plate.
7. The dual-layer antenna structure of claim 6, wherein the first and second vias penetrate the first dielectric plate, and inner walls of the first and second vias are covered with a metal layer.
8. The dual-layer antenna structure of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the first feed portion and the ground metal layer form a feed port, or the first feed portion and the first metal sheet form a feed port, or the first feed portion and the second metal sheet form a feed port, or the first feed portion and the first metal sheet and the second metal sheet form a feed port at the same time.
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