CN110957574A - Strip line feed broadband millimeter wave antenna unit - Google Patents
Strip line feed broadband millimeter wave antenna unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN110957574A CN110957574A CN201911183190.4A CN201911183190A CN110957574A CN 110957574 A CN110957574 A CN 110957574A CN 201911183190 A CN201911183190 A CN 201911183190A CN 110957574 A CN110957574 A CN 110957574A
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- dielectric substrate
- wave antenna
- substrate body
- stripline
- millimeter wave
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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Abstract
The invention discloses a strip line fed broadband millimeter wave antenna unit, which comprises a dielectric substrate body and a plurality of metalized through holes penetrating through the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate body; the dielectric substrate body is composed of a plurality of layers of dielectric substrates which are sequentially overlapped, metal copper-clad layers are respectively arranged between two adjacent layers of the dielectric substrates and on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate body, the metal copper-clad layers arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate body are fully-covered large-area copper-clad layers, the metal copper-clad layers arranged between the two lowest layers of the dielectric substrates are strip-shaped strip lines, the rest metal copper-clad layers are large-area copper-clad layers etched with rectangular gaps, and the large-area copper-clad layers are electrically connected through the metalized through holes. The high-gain millimeter wave antenna unit realizes broadband and is suitable for PCB processing, and has the advantages of high gain, high efficiency, broadband, planarization, low cost, easiness in mass production and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of antenna design, in particular to a strip line fed broadband millimeter wave antenna unit.
Background
The antenna is an important component of the communication system, and the performance of the antenna directly affects the quality of communication. The millimeter wave frequency band is an important frequency band for modern communication. Since the frequency of the millimeter wave is high, the path loss is large, and a high-gain millimeter wave antenna is generally used in a communication system. It is a common method to use antenna elements for array to improve the gain of the whole antenna, and in the array, the performance design of the elements has a decisive influence on the performance of the whole array.
For the millimeter wave antenna, the wavelength is in millimeter order, so that higher requirements are made on the processing precision of the antenna. Although the metal cavity antenna can achieve better product stability, it is expensive due to the need for high precision machining. The Printed Circuit Board (PCB) technology and the low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology which adopt the plane processing technology have lower cost while realizing higher finished product precision, and are an important development direction of the millimeter wave antenna.
The strip transmission line is a common microwave transmission line with a planar structure, and has the advantages of easiness in planar process machining, a non-dispersive TEM field mode, low radiation leakage and the like. In the case of a strip line fed antenna element, it is necessary to efficiently convert electromagnetic waves transmitted through a strip line into spatially radiated electromagnetic waves. In addition, as communication systems are continuously increasing communication rate requirements, antennas having broadband characteristics are increasingly being used in antenna designs.
Based on the above background, in practical applications, a strip line fed broadband millimeter wave antenna unit is needed to meet the requirements of broadband antenna, high efficiency, low processing cost, and the like in modern millimeter wave communication.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a strip line fed broadband millimeter wave antenna unit. The antenna has the advantages of wide band, high efficiency, low processing cost, planarization, easy mass production and the like.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.
A strip line feed broadband millimeter wave antenna unit comprises a dielectric substrate body and a plurality of metalized through holes penetrating through the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate body; the dielectric substrate body is composed of a plurality of layers of dielectric substrates which are sequentially overlapped, metal copper-clad layers are respectively arranged between two adjacent layers of the dielectric substrates and on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate body, the metal copper-clad layers arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate body are fully-covered large-area copper-clad layers, the metal copper-clad layers arranged between the two lowest layers of the dielectric substrates are strip-shaped strip lines, the rest metal copper-clad layers are large-area copper-clad layers etched with rectangular gaps, and the large-area copper-clad layers are electrically connected through the metalized through holes.
More preferably, each of said dielectric substrates has a length not exceeding 1 free-space wavelength of a wave radiated from the antenna element.
More preferably, the number of the metalized through holes is more than eight, the metalized through holes are symmetrically distributed along a horizontal line of the dielectric substrate body, each rectangular gap is arranged between two rows of the metalized through holes, and the strip-shaped strip line is arranged between two rows of the metalized through holes.
More preferably, the horizontal line is a horizontal centerline.
More preferably, the strip-shaped strip line is arranged on a vertical center line of the dielectric substrate body, and the metalized through holes are symmetrically distributed along the vertical center line.
More preferably, each of the rectangular slits and the orthogonal projection of the strip-shaped strip line on the lower surface overlap each other, and the opening size of the rectangular slit on the lower side is smaller than the opening size of the rectangular slit on the upper side.
More preferably, the distance between two adjacent rows and two adjacent columns of the metallized through holes is smaller than the 1/2 medium wavelength of the radiated wave of the antenna unit.
More preferably, two adjacent dielectric boards are laminated and stacked together through prepregs, and one end of the strip-shaped strip line is exposed at the side of the dielectric substrate body.
More preferably, the operating frequency band of the broadband millimeter wave antenna unit is 22-30 GHz.
The invention adopts the technical proposal to achieve the following beneficial effects:
the dielectric substrate body adopts a multilayer design, corresponding metal copper-clad layers are respectively arranged between layers and on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate body, and the broadband millimeter wave antenna unit can be realized only by combining with the metalized via holes, so that the difficulty and higher cost of blind hole processing are avoided; and the strip line is used for feeding, the whole structure is easy to process by using a PCB, and the antenna can be widely applied to the design of array antennas. In practical use, the high-gain millimeter wave antenna unit suitable for PCB processing of the broadband can be realized by designing the size of each metal copper-clad layer gap and the position of the metalized through hole, and has the advantages of high gain, high efficiency, wide bandwidth, planarization, low cost, easiness in mass production and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of an antenna according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the return loss frequency of the antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of gain versus frequency for the antenna of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a magnetic field plane radiation pattern of the center frequency of the antenna of the present invention;
fig. 6 is an electric field plane radiation pattern of the center frequency of the antenna of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1: first metal-clad copper layer, 11: first rectangular slit, 21: second rectangular slit, 2: second metal copper-clad layer, 3: third metal copper-clad layer, 4: fourth metal copper-clad layer, 5: metallized via, 61: first dielectric substrate, 62: second dielectric substrate, 63: and a third dielectric substrate.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, for the terms of orientation, such as "central", "lateral", "longitudinal", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", etc., it indicates that the orientation and positional relationship shown in the drawings are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated without limiting the specific scope of protection of the present invention.
Furthermore, if the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, they are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features. Thus, a definition of "a first" or "a second" feature may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the feature, and in the description of the invention, "at least" means one or more unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "assembled", "connected", and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; or may be a mechanical connection; the two elements can be directly connected or connected through an intermediate medium, and the two elements can be communicated with each other. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific situations.
In the present invention, unless otherwise specified and limited, "above" or "below" a first feature may include the first and second features being in direct contact, and may also include the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through another feature therebetween. Also, the first feature being "above," "below," and "above" the second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply an elevation which indicates a level of the first feature being higher than an elevation of the second feature. The first feature being "above", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or merely means that the first feature is at a lower level than the second feature.
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings of the specification, so that the technical solutions and the advantages thereof are more clear and clear. The embodiments described below are exemplary and are intended to be illustrative of the invention, but are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a strip line fed broadband millimeter wave antenna unit includes: a first dielectric substrate 61, a second dielectric substrate 62 and a third dielectric substrate 63 laminated together in this order from top to bottom, and a metallized through-hole 5 penetrating each of the dielectric substrates; a first metal copper-clad layer 1, a second metal copper-clad layer 2, a third metal copper-clad layer 3 and a fourth metal copper-clad layer 4 are respectively arranged on the upper surface of a first dielectric substrate 61, between the first dielectric substrate 61 and the second dielectric substrate 62, between the second dielectric substrate 62 and the third dielectric substrate 63 and on the lower surface of the third dielectric substrate 63, the first metal copper-clad layer 1, the second metal copper-clad layer 2 and the fourth metal copper-clad layer 4 are fully-covered large-area copper-clad layers, the metalized through hole 5 electrically connects the large-area copper-clad layers, and the third metal copper-clad layer 3 is a strip-shaped strip line; a first rectangular slot 11 and a second rectangular slot 21 are respectively etched on the first metal-copper-clad layer 1 and the second metal-copper-clad layer 2.
The third metal copper-clad layer 3, the second metal copper-clad layers 2 on the upper side and the lower side, and the fourth metal copper-clad layer 4 form a strip transmission line. The second rectangular slot 21 is used to couple the resonant energy of the metalized via 5 in the second dielectric substrate 62 and the third dielectric substrate 63 to the first dielectric substrate 61. The first rectangular slot 11 is used to convert the coupling energy into a space radiation electromagnetic wave, and the matching is adjusted. Therefore, the high-gain millimeter wave antenna unit which is suitable for processing the PCB and has a wide band can be realized by adjusting the size of each rectangular gap, the position of the metallized through hole 5 and the thickness of each dielectric substrate.
As shown in fig. 2, the number of vias of the metalized via 5 is typically more than 4, symmetrical with respect to the horizontal direction. The adjacent spacing of the metallized through holes 5 is generally less than the 1/2 medium wavelength, and thus can be approximated as an electrical wall, limiting the vertical spreading of electromagnetic waves. The metallized via 5 can thus perform two functions: firstly, the part of the metallized through hole 5 on the second dielectric substrate 62 and the third dielectric substrate 63 can be regarded as a metal resonant cavity, a strip transmission line composed of the third metal copper-clad layer 3 and the like performs feed excitation to form resonance, and resonance energy is coupled to the first dielectric substrate 61 through the second rectangular slot 21; next, the metalized through hole 5 and the first rectangular slot 11 at the portion of the first dielectric substrate 61 can be regarded as forming a horn antenna structure, and the electromagnetic wave is coupled from the second rectangular slot 21 and radiated to the free space through the equivalent horn antenna structure.
The effect of each structure on antenna performance is: by adjusting the position of the metallized through hole 5 and the size of the second rectangular slit 21, the frequency and bandwidth of resonance can be adjusted; by adjusting the position of the metallized via 5, the size of the third metallic copper-clad layer 3 and the first rectangular slot 11, the matching of the antenna can be adjusted. By selecting proper size parameters and materials and thicknesses of the dielectric plate, the broadband antenna unit can be realized.
According to one embodiment of the application, the antenna unit is designed for a strip line fed broadband millimeter wave antenna unit working at 26 GHz. The dielectric substrates with a relative dielectric constant of 3.0, a loss tangent of 0.003, the thicknesses of the dielectric substrates 61 and 62 of 0.529mm, the thickness of the dielectric substrate 63 of 1.542mm, and the areas of the dielectric substrates of 9mm × 9mm were used for the dielectrics 61 to 63. In order to have a prepreg of 0.1mm thickness between adjacent dielectric sheets for the lamination process. The width of the feed strip line 3 is chosen to be 0.6mm and the electric field direction of the antenna element radiation field is in the strip line direction. The dimensions of the rectangular slit 21 are 3.2mm × 0.6mm, and the dimensions of the rectangular slit 11 are 6.5mm × 3.25 mm. The diameter of the metallized through holes 5 is 0.5mm, the distance between adjacent through holes is 1mm, the distance between diagonal through holes along the strip line direction is 4.5mm, and the distance along the direction perpendicular to the strip line direction is 4 mm.
The effect of the present invention can be further illustrated by the simulation result of this embodiment.
Referring to fig. 3, it is a frequency graph of return loss S11 obtained by simulation of the present embodiment. As can be seen from the figure, the millimeter wave antenna provided by the embodiment realizes return loss performance below-10 dB between 23 GHz and 29GHz, has 23% of relative bandwidth, and has good broadband matching characteristic.
Fig. 4 is a graph of the gain of the present example simulation as a function of frequency. It can be seen from the figure that the millimeter wave antenna provided by the embodiment achieves an antenna gain of more than 6.5dB between 22 GHz and 30GHz, and achieves higher gain and efficiency in a wide frequency band.
Fig. 5 shows the main polarization radiation pattern of the magnetic field plane at each frequency point obtained by simulation in this embodiment. As can be seen from the figure, the magnetic field surface pattern of the millimeter wave antenna provided by the present embodiment is very stable in the main lobe range for both the center frequency point and the edge frequency point.
Fig. 6 shows the electric field plane main polarization radiation pattern of each frequency point obtained by simulation in this embodiment. As can be seen from the figure, the electric field plane pattern of the millimeter wave antenna provided by the present embodiment slightly fluctuates for the center frequency point and the edge frequency points, but is relatively stable within a range of ± 45 degrees, and no grating lobe is generated. Combining the results of fig. 5 and fig. 6, the present embodiment provides a millimeter wave antenna unit design having a stable radiation pattern with a wide band.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art from the foregoing description of construction and principles that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that modifications and substitutions based on the teachings of the art may be made without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. The details not described in the detailed description are prior art or common general knowledge.
Claims (10)
1. A strip line feed broadband millimeter wave antenna unit comprises a dielectric substrate body and a plurality of metalized through holes penetrating through the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate body; the copper-clad plate is characterized in that the dielectric substrate body is composed of three layers of dielectric substrates which are sequentially overlapped together, metal copper clad layers are respectively arranged between two adjacent layers of the dielectric substrates and on the upper surface and the lower surface of the dielectric substrate body, the metal copper clad layers arranged on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate body are fully-covered large-area copper clad layers, the metal copper clad layers arranged between the two lowest layers of the dielectric substrates are strip-shaped strip lines, the rest metal copper clad layers are large-area copper clad layers etched with rectangular gaps, and the large-area copper clad layers are electrically connected through the metalized through holes.
2. The stripline feed wideband millimeter wave antenna element of claim 1, wherein each of the dielectric substrates has a length not exceeding 1 free-space wavelength of a wave radiated from the antenna element.
3. The stripline fed broadband millimeter wave antenna unit of claim 1, wherein the number of the metalized through holes is more than eight, the metalized through holes are symmetrically distributed along a horizontal line of the dielectric substrate body, each rectangular slot is arranged between two rows of the metalized through holes, and the strip-shaped stripline is arranged between two rows of the metalized through holes.
4. The stripline-fed wideband millimeter-wave antenna element of claim 3, wherein the horizontal line is a horizontal centerline.
5. The stripline-fed broadband millimeter wave antenna element of claim 3, wherein the strip stripline is disposed on a vertical centerline of the dielectric substrate body, and the metallized through holes are symmetrically distributed along the vertical centerline.
6. The stripline-fed wideband millimeter wave antenna element according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the rectangular slots and the strip striplines are coincident in orthographic projection on the lower surface, and the rectangular slots on the lower side have a smaller opening size than the rectangular slots on the upper side.
7. The stripline feed broadband millimeter wave antenna unit of claim 3, wherein the distance between two adjacent rows and two adjacent columns of the metalized through holes is less than 1/2 medium wavelengths of electromagnetic waves of the antenna unit.
8. The stripline feed wideband millimeter wave antenna unit as claimed in claim 1, wherein two adjacent dielectric boards are laminated together by prepreg.
9. The stripline-fed wideband millimeter-wave antenna element of claim 1, wherein one end of the elongated stripline is exposed at a side of the dielectric substrate body.
10. The stripline-fed broadband millimeter-wave antenna element of claim 1, wherein the operating frequency band is 22-30 GHz.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911183190.4A CN110957574A (en) | 2019-11-27 | 2019-11-27 | Strip line feed broadband millimeter wave antenna unit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201911183190.4A CN110957574A (en) | 2019-11-27 | 2019-11-27 | Strip line feed broadband millimeter wave antenna unit |
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| CN110957574A true CN110957574A (en) | 2020-04-03 |
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| CN201911183190.4A Pending CN110957574A (en) | 2019-11-27 | 2019-11-27 | Strip line feed broadband millimeter wave antenna unit |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113690603A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-23 | 安徽大学 | Millimeter wave antenna |
| CN113945898A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-18 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二四研究所 | Ultra-wide band in-band monitoring circuit with low amplitude imbalance |
| WO2023065068A1 (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2023-04-27 | 宏启胜精密电子(秦皇岛)有限公司 | Circuit board and manufacturing method therefor |
-
2019
- 2019-11-27 CN CN201911183190.4A patent/CN110957574A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113690603A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-23 | 安徽大学 | Millimeter wave antenna |
| CN113945898A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-01-18 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七二四研究所 | Ultra-wide band in-band monitoring circuit with low amplitude imbalance |
| WO2023065068A1 (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2023-04-27 | 宏启胜精密电子(秦皇岛)有限公司 | Circuit board and manufacturing method therefor |
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