CN112382856A - Low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna - Google Patents
Low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN112382856A CN112382856A CN202011136490.XA CN202011136490A CN112382856A CN 112382856 A CN112382856 A CN 112382856A CN 202011136490 A CN202011136490 A CN 202011136490A CN 112382856 A CN112382856 A CN 112382856A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/02—Waveguide horns
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
- H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
- H01Q1/523—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas between antennas of an array
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/0006—Particular feeding systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
- H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
- H01Q21/064—Two dimensional planar arrays using horn or slot aerials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna, and belongs to the technical field of antennas. The invention comprises a metal horn part and a cavity-backed patch antenna; the metal horn part comprises at least two metal horn antenna units for transmitting and two metal horn antenna units for receiving, and the metal horn antenna units are distributed in an array; the cavity-backed patch antenna comprises an antenna feed dielectric plate, and a transmitting feed unit and a receiving feed unit which are arranged on the antenna feed dielectric plate and respectively correspond to the transmitting metal horn antenna units and the receiving metal horn antenna units in number; the metal horn part is attached to the cavity-backed patch antenna through conductive adhesive, and the radiation source of each patch antenna is tightly attached to the lower portion of the corresponding metal horn antenna unit. The invention can be realized only by a mature, simple and low-cost machining process and a standard single-layer PCB process; while other properties such as return loss, bandwidth, radiation pattern maintain good characteristics.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna.
Background
The array antenna has very wide application in wireless systems such as communication, radar and the like. The integrated design of the receiving and transmitting array antenna can effectively improve the compactness of an antenna array surface and even the whole system, reduce the volume of the system, reduce the processing difficulty and reduce the assembly error. However, when the system operating frequency reaches the millimeter wave band, the design of the array antenna encounters new problems and challenges.
In the millimeter wave frequency band, the interference of the surface wave of the printed circuit board is trapped, the coupling between the planar array antenna units is large, and the isolation performance is poor, so that the directional diagram is distorted. Meanwhile, the size of the traditional horn antenna is very small due to the extremely short wavelength of the millimeter wave frequency band, the manufacturing and processing cost and the processing difficulty of the metal horn antenna unit are both obviously improved, and the assembly of the horn antenna and the millimeter wave plane radio frequency link has certain challenges.
Therefore, it is desirable to provide a low-cost high-performance broadband array antenna operating in the millimeter-wave band.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the traditional millimeter wave PCB planar antenna and the traditional horn antenna and provides a low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna. The array antenna adopts Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) feed, and feeds a loaded metal horn antenna by using a cavity-backed patch antenna radiation source; the advantages of easy integration of the planar antenna with the front-end radio frequency link and stable radiation of the horn antenna are combined. Meanwhile, the feed structure of the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna adopts a broadband design, so that the processing difficulty can be reduced, and the millimeter wave array antenna with low cost and high performance can be processed.
Specifically, the invention provides a low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna, which comprises a metal horn part and a cavity-backed patch antenna:
the metal horn part comprises at least two metal horn antenna units for transmitting and two metal horn antenna units for receiving, and the metal horn antenna units are distributed in an array;
the back cavity patch antenna comprises an antenna feed dielectric plate, wherein the antenna feed dielectric plate is provided with feed units for transmitting, the number of which corresponds to the number of the metal horn antenna units for transmitting, and feed units for receiving, the number of which corresponds to the number of the metal horn antenna units for receiving;
the metal horn part is attached to the cavity-backed patch antenna through conductive adhesive, each radiating source of the transmitting patch antenna is attached to the lower portion of the corresponding transmitting metal horn antenna unit, and each radiating source of the receiving patch antenna is attached to the lower portion of the corresponding receiving metal horn antenna unit.
Furthermore, each feeding unit for emission comprises a radiation source of a patch antenna for emission, a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity for emission, a substrate integrated waveguide transmission line for emission and a switching part from the substrate integrated waveguide for emission to a microstrip line; each receiving feed unit comprises a receiving patch antenna radiation source, a receiving substrate integrated waveguide back cavity, a receiving substrate integrated waveguide transmission line and a switching part from the receiving substrate integrated waveguide to a microstrip line;
and the peripheries of the radiation source of the patch antenna for transmitting and the radiation source of the patch antenna for receiving are provided with gaps beside the patches.
Further, metallized through holes are distributed along the edge of the feed unit for transmitting, and a substrate integrated waveguide transmission line for transmitting is formed between the metallized through holes; metallized through holes are distributed along the edge of the receiving feed unit to form a receiving substrate integrated waveguide transmission line;
a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity for transmission is formed among the radiation source of the patch antenna for transmission, the metallized through holes arranged along the periphery of the radiation source of the patch antenna for transmission and the ground layer of the antenna feed dielectric plate; a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity for receiving is formed among the radiation source of the patch antenna for receiving, the metallized through holes arranged along the periphery of the radiation source of the patch antenna for receiving and the ground layer of the antenna feed dielectric plate;
and a feed window is formed by the metalized through holes in a surrounding mode, and the feed window is respectively connected with the transmitting patch antenna radiation source and the transmitting substrate integrated waveguide transmission line, and connected with the receiving patch antenna radiation source and the receiving substrate integrated waveguide transmission line.
Furthermore, the transmitting metal horn antenna units and the receiving metal horn antenna units have the same structure and number; the number of the transmitting feed units and the receiving feed units is the same, and the structures are the same or arranged in a mirror image mode.
Furthermore, the metal horn antenna units for transmitting and the metal horn antenna units for receiving are milled on the same metal, and at least one flow stopping groove is milled between the metal horn antenna units for transmitting, between the metal horn antenna units for receiving, and between the metal horn antenna units for transmitting and the metal horn antenna units for receiving respectively, wherein the thickness and the width of the flow stopping groove are both one quarter of the working wavelength of the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna.
Furthermore, the radiating source of the transmitting patch antenna, the switching part from the transmitting substrate integrated waveguide to the microstrip line, the radiating source of the receiving patch antenna, and the switching part from the receiving substrate integrated waveguide to the microstrip line are arranged on the front surface of the antenna feed dielectric plate; the ground layer of the cavity-backed patch antenna is arranged on the back surface of the antenna feed dielectric plate.
Furthermore, in the front surface of the antenna feed dielectric plate, in the area surrounded by the metalized through hole and the switching part from the substrate integrated waveguide for emission to the microstrip line, and in the area surrounded by the metalized through hole and the switching part from the substrate integrated waveguide for reception to the microstrip line, except for the gap beside the patch, copper is covered; the back of the antenna feed dielectric plate is completely covered with copper; the inner walls of all the metallized through holes are coated with copper.
Furthermore, the metal block is arranged above the antenna feed dielectric plate and is connected with the antenna feed dielectric plate below through a fastening and positioning device.
Further, the antenna feed dielectric plate is a Rogers R3003 plate.
Furthermore, the number of the metal horn antenna units for transmitting is at least two, and the number of the metal horn antenna units for receiving is at least two; the distance between the adjacent transmitting metal horn antenna units is 1 wavelength, and the distance between the adjacent transmitting metal horn antenna units and the receiving metal horn antenna units is 4 wavelengths; flow stopping grooves are arranged among the metal horn antenna units for transmitting, among the metal horn antenna units for receiving and among the metal horn antenna units for transmitting and the metal horn antenna units for receiving, and the width and the depth of the flow stopping grooves are 1mm and 1mm respectively; the width of the metal horn antenna unit for transmitting and the metal horn antenna unit for receiving is 2.2mm, the length is 1.5mm, and the depth is 2 mm; the width of the radiation source of the feeding patch antenna for transmitting and the radiation source of the feeding patch antenna for receiving is 1.05mm, and the length of the radiation source of the feeding patch antenna for transmitting and the length of the radiation source of the feeding patch antenna for receiving is 0.87 mm; the width of the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity for transmitting and the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity for receiving are 2.15mm, and the length is 2 mm; the width of the transmitting substrate integrated waveguide transmission line and the receiving substrate integrated waveguide transmission line is 2.6mm, and the length thereof is 3 mm.
The low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna has the following beneficial effects:
the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna comprises a metal horn part and a cavity backed patch antenna, wherein the metal horn part at least comprises two metal horn antenna units for transmitting and two metal horn antenna units for receiving to form array distribution. The cavity-backed patch antenna comprises an antenna feed dielectric plate, wherein the antenna feed dielectric plate is provided with feed units for transmitting, the number of which corresponds to the number of the metal horn antenna units for transmitting, and feed units for receiving, the number of which corresponds to the number of the metal horn antenna units for receiving. The metal horn antenna unit for transmitting and the corresponding feed unit for transmitting form a transmitting antenna; the metal horn antenna element for reception and the corresponding feed element for reception constitute a reception antenna. The low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna combines the advantages of the metal horn and the planar PCB antenna, and effectively avoids the defects of the metal horn and the planar PCB antenna. Specifically, the radiation part of the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna adopts the metal horn antenna unit, and the advantage of having a broadband radiation pattern is utilized; the feed structure adopts a planar patch antenna of a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) back cavity as the feed structure of the horn antenna; the antenna loaded on the SIW back cavity has wider impedance bandwidth, so that the inner wall of the horn antenna can adopt a simple and easily milled cuboid air cavity without special shaping; meanwhile, the SIW transmission line has the characteristics of low loss, low space radiation, high power capacity, small size and the like, and is suitable for being used as a planar transmission line of a millimeter wave frequency band.
According to the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna, the transmitting metal horn antenna unit and the receiving metal horn antenna unit are processed on the same metal block, so that errors caused by later assembly are reduced; meanwhile, choke grooves are respectively added among the receiving/receiving horn antennas, the transmitting/transmitting horn antennas and the receiving/transmitting horn antennas, so that the receiving isolation and the transmitting/receiving isolation of the antennas are improved. Meanwhile, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna have the same structure, and design difficulty and workload are reduced.
According to the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna, the transmission ports of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are switched from the microstrip line to the SIW feeder line, and the microstrip line can be well interconnected with the transmitting-receiving radio frequency link. The design is beneficial to the integrated design of the receiving and transmitting chain circuit and the receiving and transmitting antenna system, the design efficiency is improved, and the processing difficulty is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the radiation direction of an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a return loss and isolation diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
The labels in the figure are: 1-metal horn antenna unit for emission, 2-feed unit for emission, 3-patch antenna radiation source for emission, 4-substrate integrated waveguide back cavity for emission, 5-substrate integrated waveguide transmission line for emission, 6-switching part of substrate integrated waveguide to microstrip line for emission, 7-gap beside patch, 8-metallized through hole, 9-feed window, 10-antenna feed dielectric plate, 11-metal horn antenna unit for reception, 12-feed unit for reception, 13-patch antenna radiation source for reception, 14-substrate integrated waveguide back cavity for reception, 15-substrate integrated waveguide transmission line for reception, 16-switching part of substrate integrated waveguide to microstrip line for reception, and 17-choke groove.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings.
An embodiment 1 of the present invention is a low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna, which mainly includes two parts: a metal horn portion and a cavity backed patch antenna.
As shown in fig. 1, the metal horn section includes at least two transmitting metal horn antenna units 1 and two receiving metal horn antenna units 11, which are distributed in an array. The transmitting metal horn antenna unit 1 and the receiving metal horn antenna unit 11 have the same structure and are machined on the same metal through a milling machine.
The cavity backed patch antenna comprises an antenna feed dielectric plate 10, on which the feed units 2 for transmission corresponding to the number of the metal horn antenna units 1 for transmission and the feed units 12 for reception corresponding to the number of the metal horn antenna units 11 for reception are arranged. The metal horn antenna unit 1 for transmitting and the corresponding feed unit 2 for transmitting form a transmitting antenna; the receiving horn antenna element 11 and the corresponding receiving feed element 12 constitute a receiving antenna. Each transmitting feed unit 2 comprises a transmitting patch antenna radiation source 3, a transmitting substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 4, a transmitting substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 5 and a switching part 6 from the transmitting substrate integrated waveguide to a microstrip line; each receiving feeder unit 12 includes a receiving patch antenna radiation source 13, a receiving substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 14, a receiving substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 15, and a receiving substrate integrated waveguide-to-microstrip line transition section 16. The peripheries of the radiating source 3 of the transmitting patch antenna and the radiating source 13 of the receiving patch antenna are provided with a slot 7 beside the patch. A substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 5 for emission is formed between two rows of metallized through holes 8 distributed along the edge of the feed unit 2 for emission; a substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 15 for reception is formed between two rows of metallized through holes 8 distributed along the edge of the feeding unit 12 for reception. A substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 4 for emission is formed among the radiation source 3 of the patch antenna for emission, the metallized through holes 8 arranged along the periphery of the radiation source 3 of the patch antenna for emission and the ground layer of the antenna feed dielectric plate 10; a receiving substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 14 is formed among the ground layers of the receiving patch antenna radiation source 13, the metallized through holes 8 arranged along the periphery of the receiving patch antenna radiation source 13 and the antenna feed dielectric plate 10. A feed window 9 is formed by the surrounding of the metallized through hole 8 and is respectively connected with the radiating source 3 of the patch antenna for transmitting and the transmitting substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 5, and is connected with the radiating source 13 of the patch antenna for receiving and the receiving substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 15.
The transmitting patch antenna radiation source 3 and the receiving patch antenna radiation source 13 feed the transmitting metal horn antenna unit 1 and the receiving metal horn antenna unit 11, respectively. The transmitting substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 5 and the receiving substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 15 are low-loss low-coupling shielded transmission lines, and the feeding transmitting patch antenna radiation source 3 and the feeding receiving patch antenna radiation source 13 are connected to a transmitting link and a receiving link at the rear ends, respectively.
The metal horn part and the cavity-backed patch antenna are tightly attached through conductive adhesive, each radiating source 3 of the transmitting patch antenna is tightly attached to the lower part of the corresponding transmitting metal horn antenna unit 1, and each radiating source 13 of the receiving patch antenna is tightly attached to the lower part of the corresponding receiving metal horn antenna unit 11. An antenna signal to be transmitted by the metal horn antenna unit 1 is fed to the transmitting metal horn antenna unit 1 through the transmitting substrate integrated waveguide back cavity 4 and the transmitting patch antenna radiation source 3 via the switching part 6 from the transmitting substrate integrated waveguide to the microstrip line, the transmitting substrate integrated waveguide transmission line 5 and the feed window 9. The antenna signal received by the metal horn antenna unit for reception 11 is transferred to a transition section 16 from the substrate integrated waveguide to the microstrip line via a patch antenna for reception radiation source 13, a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity for reception 14, a feed window 9, and a substrate integrated waveguide transmission line for reception 15. Compared with the traditional metal horn array antenna, the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna has the advantage of easy integration with a millimeter wave radio frequency link; compared with a PCB (printed circuit board) planar array antenna, the planar array antenna has the advantages of high bandwidth and high isolation among array elements.
Preferably, in another embodiment 2, the transmitting metal horn antenna unit 1 and the receiving metal horn antenna unit 11 of the metal horn section have the same structure and number; the transmitting feed unit 2 and the receiving feed unit 12 of the cavity-backed patch antenna have the same structure and number, and can be arranged in a mirror image manner. The transmitting and receiving functions of the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna adopt the same structure, and compared with different structures, the antenna design workload can be reduced, and the processing is more convenient.
In another embodiment 3, the transmitting metal horn antenna unit 1 and the receiving metal horn antenna unit 11 are milled on the same metal, and at least one flow stopping groove 17 is milled between the transmitting metal horn antenna units, between the receiving metal horn antenna units, and between the transmitting metal horn antenna units and the receiving metal horn antenna units, respectively, wherein the thickness and the width of the flow stopping groove 17 are about a quarter of the operating wavelength of the array antenna. The current distribution on the metal surface can be changed by introducing the flow stopping grooves among the metal horn antenna units of the metal horn part, so that the receiving isolation and the transmitting-receiving isolation among the metal horn antenna units of the antenna array are effectively improved.
In another embodiment 4, the radiating patch antenna radiation source 3, the transmitting substrate-integrated waveguide-to-microstrip line transition section 6, the receiving patch antenna radiation source 13, and the receiving substrate-integrated waveguide-to-microstrip line transition section 16 are located on the front surface of the antenna feed dielectric plate 10. The ground layer of the cavity-backed patch antenna is located on the back surface of the antenna feed dielectric plate 10. Because the millimeter wave link at the rear end is also generally located on the front surface of the dielectric plate, and the feed unit of the embodiment is located on the front surface of the antenna feed dielectric plate 10, the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna system of the embodiment and the millimeter wave link at the rear end can be integrally designed and processed, thereby reducing the complexity and cost of the system.
Preferably, in another embodiment 5, on the front surface of the antenna feed dielectric plate 10, the area surrounded by the metalized through hole 8, the substrate integrated waveguide for transmission to the transition part 6 of the microstrip line, the area surrounded by the metalized through hole 8, the substrate integrated waveguide for reception to the transition part 16 of the microstrip line, and the slot 7 beside the patch are etched, so that the area remained after etching is subjected to copper-clad treatment. The copper-clad layer on the back of the antenna feed dielectric plate 10, i.e. the ground layer of the cavity-backed patch antenna, is completely reserved. The inner walls of all the metallized through holes 8 are also covered with copper, thereby connecting the copper-clad regions of the front and back surfaces of the antenna feed dielectric sheet 10 as a whole. Because the millimeter wave circuit is usually designed and processed by adopting a copper-clad dielectric plate, the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna based on the copper-clad plate is beneficial to reducing the connection difficulty between the antenna system and the rear-end millimeter wave radio frequency link and the overall cost of the system.
Preferably, in another embodiment 6, the metal block including the metal horn portion is disposed above the antenna feeding dielectric plate 10, and is directly and tightly connected to the antenna feeding dielectric plate 10 below by fastening a positioning device (such as a screw and a positioning pin), so as to ensure the operational stability of the antenna.
Preferably, in another embodiment 7, the antenna feeding dielectric plate 10 is made of a Rogers R3003 plate material, and has a dielectric constant of 3.0 and a thickness of 0.127 mm. Compared with other high-frequency millimeter wave plates, the Rogers R3003 plate is low in cost and large in usage amount, and the rear end circuit basically uses the plate, so that the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna system and the millimeter wave link at the rear end can be integrally designed and processed, and complexity and cost of the system are reduced.
In another embodiment 8, the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna has at least two transmitting metal horn antenna elements 1 and two receiving metal horn antenna elements 11. The distance between two adjacent transmitting metal horn antenna units is 1 working wavelength, and the distance between two adjacent transmitting metal horn antenna units and the receiving metal horn antenna unit is 4 working wavelengths. The working frequency band of the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna is 76.5-83.5 GHz.
The flow stopping grooves 17 are milled among the metal horn antenna units for transmitting, among the metal horn antenna units for receiving and between the metal horn antenna units for transmitting and the metal horn antenna units for receiving, and the width and the depth of the flow stopping grooves 17 are 1mm and 1 mm. The width of the metal horn antenna unit for transmitting and the metal horn antenna unit for receiving is 2.2mm, the length is 1.5mm, and the depth is 2 mm. The transmission feed patch antenna radiation source 3 and the reception feed patch antenna radiation source 13 have a width of 1.05mm and a length of 0.87 mm. The back cavity of the SIW (i.e., the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity for transmission 4 and the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity for reception 14) has a width of 2.15mm and a length of 2 mm. The width of the SIW transmission line (i.e., the transmitting substrate-integrated waveguide transmission line 5 and the receiving substrate-integrated waveguide back-cavity transmission line 15) was 2.6mm, and the length was 3 mm.
In order to verify the performance of the present invention, the return loss and the radiation pattern of the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna of embodiment 8 are simulated, and the simulation results are shown in fig. 2 and 3. As can be seen from fig. 2, the main beam of the radiation pattern of the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna of the present invention is smooth and has small ripple, and is suitable for the application of wireless communication systems. As can be seen from fig. 3, the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna of the embodiment has a reflection coefficient (S11) less than-15 dB in an operating frequency band of 76.5 to 83.5GHz, and has a port isolation (S21) better than-34 dB for the transceiver antenna, thereby achieving good matching characteristics and isolation characteristics in a wider frequency band.
The low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna comprises a metal horn part and a cavity backed patch antenna, wherein the metal horn part at least comprises two metal horn antenna units for transmitting and two metal horn antenna units for receiving to form array distribution. The cavity-backed patch antenna comprises an antenna feed dielectric plate, wherein the antenna feed dielectric plate is provided with feed units for transmitting, the number of which corresponds to the number of the metal horn antenna units for transmitting, and feed units for receiving, the number of which corresponds to the number of the metal horn antenna units for receiving. The metal horn antenna unit for transmitting and the corresponding feed unit for transmitting form a transmitting antenna; the receiving metal horn antenna element and the corresponding receiving feed element 12 constitute a receiving antenna. The low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna combines the advantages of the metal horn and the planar PCB antenna, and effectively avoids the defects of the metal horn and the planar PCB antenna. Specifically, the radiation part of the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna adopts the metal horn antenna unit, and the advantage of having a broadband radiation pattern is utilized; the feed structure adopts a planar patch antenna of a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) back cavity as the feed structure of the horn antenna; the antenna loaded on the SIW back cavity has wider impedance bandwidth, so that the inner wall of the horn antenna can adopt a simple and easily milled cuboid air cavity without special shaping; meanwhile, the SIW transmission line has the characteristics of low loss, low space radiation, high power capacity, small size and the like, and is suitable for being used as a planar transmission line of a millimeter wave frequency band.
According to the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna, the transmitting metal horn antenna unit and the receiving metal horn antenna unit are processed on the same metal block, so that errors caused by later assembly are reduced; meanwhile, choke grooves are respectively added among the receiving/receiving horn antennas, the transmitting/transmitting horn antennas and the receiving/transmitting horn antennas, so that the receiving isolation and the transmitting/receiving isolation of the antennas are improved. Meanwhile, the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna have the same structure, and design difficulty and workload are reduced.
According to the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna, the transmission ports of the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna are switched from the microstrip line to the SIW feeder line, and the microstrip line can be well interconnected with the transmitting-receiving radio frequency link. The design is beneficial to the integrated design of the receiving and transmitting chain circuit and the receiving and transmitting antenna system, the design efficiency is improved, and the processing difficulty is reduced.
In conclusion, the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna can be realized only by a mature, simple and low-cost machining process and a standard single-layer PCB process; meanwhile, other performances of the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna, such as return loss, bandwidth and a radiation pattern, keep excellent characteristics.
Although the present invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiment, it is not intended that the invention be limited to the embodiment. Any equivalent changes or modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention also belong to the protection scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention should therefore be determined with reference to the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna which characterized in that, includes metal horn portion and back of the body chamber patch antenna:
the metal horn part comprises at least two metal horn antenna units for transmitting and two metal horn antenna units for receiving, and the metal horn antenna units are distributed in an array;
the back cavity patch antenna comprises an antenna feed dielectric plate, wherein the antenna feed dielectric plate is provided with feed units for transmitting, the number of which corresponds to the number of the metal horn antenna units for transmitting, and feed units for receiving, the number of which corresponds to the number of the metal horn antenna units for receiving;
the metal horn part is attached to the cavity-backed patch antenna through conductive adhesive, each radiating source of the transmitting patch antenna is attached to the lower portion of the corresponding transmitting metal horn antenna unit, and each radiating source of the receiving patch antenna is attached to the lower portion of the corresponding receiving metal horn antenna unit.
2. The low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna according to claim 1, wherein each of the feeding units for transmission comprises a patch antenna radiation source for transmission, a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity for transmission, a substrate integrated waveguide transmission line for transmission, and a transition part from the substrate integrated waveguide for transmission to a microstrip line; each receiving feed unit comprises a receiving patch antenna radiation source, a receiving substrate integrated waveguide back cavity, a receiving substrate integrated waveguide transmission line and a switching part from the receiving substrate integrated waveguide to a microstrip line;
and the peripheries of the radiation source of the patch antenna for transmitting and the radiation source of the patch antenna for receiving are provided with gaps beside the patches.
3. The low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna according to claim 2, wherein metallized through holes are distributed along the edge of the feed unit for transmission, and a substrate integrated waveguide transmission line for transmission is formed between the metallized through holes; metallized through holes are distributed along the edge of the receiving feed unit to form a receiving substrate integrated waveguide transmission line;
a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity for transmission is formed among the radiation source of the patch antenna for transmission, the metallized through holes arranged along the periphery of the radiation source of the patch antenna for transmission and the ground layer of the antenna feed dielectric plate; a substrate integrated waveguide back cavity for receiving is formed among the radiation source of the patch antenna for receiving, the metallized through holes arranged along the periphery of the radiation source of the patch antenna for receiving and the ground layer of the antenna feed dielectric plate;
and a feed window is formed by the metalized through holes in a surrounding mode, and the feed window is respectively connected with the transmitting patch antenna radiation source and the transmitting substrate integrated waveguide transmission line, and connected with the receiving patch antenna radiation source and the receiving substrate integrated waveguide transmission line.
4. A low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the metallic horn antenna elements for transmission and the metallic horn antenna elements for reception are identical in structure and number; the number of the transmitting feed units and the receiving feed units is the same, and the structures are the same or arranged in a mirror image mode.
5. The low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the transmitting metal horn antenna unit and the receiving metal horn antenna unit are milled on the same metal, and at least one flow-stopping groove is milled between the transmitting metal horn antenna unit and the receiving metal horn antenna unit, and between the transmitting metal horn antenna unit and the receiving metal horn antenna unit, wherein the thickness and width of the flow-stopping groove are both one quarter of the operating wavelength of the low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna.
6. The low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna according to claim 2, wherein the radiating patch antenna, the radiating substrate integrated waveguide to microstrip switching section, the receiving patch antenna radiating source, and the receiving substrate integrated waveguide to microstrip switching section are disposed on the front surface of the antenna feed dielectric plate; the ground layer of the cavity-backed patch antenna is arranged on the back surface of the antenna feed dielectric plate.
7. The low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna according to claim 6, wherein in the front surface of the antenna feed dielectric plate, in the area surrounded by the metallized through hole, the substrate integrated waveguide for transmission to the switching part of the microstrip line, and in the area surrounded by the metallized through hole, the substrate integrated waveguide for reception to the switching part of the microstrip line, except for the slot beside the patch, copper is coated; the back of the antenna feed dielectric plate is completely covered with copper; the inner walls of all the metallized through holes are coated with copper.
8. A low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna according to claim 5, wherein the metal block is placed above the antenna feed dielectric plate and connected with the antenna feed dielectric plate below by fastening and positioning means.
9. The low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna according to claim 1, wherein the antenna feed dielectric plate is a Rogers R3003 plate.
10. A low-cost broadband millimeter wave array antenna according to claim 2, wherein the number of said metallic horn antenna elements for transmission is at least two, and the number of said metallic horn antenna elements for reception is at least two; the distance between the adjacent transmitting metal horn antenna units is 1 wavelength, and the distance between the adjacent transmitting metal horn antenna units and the receiving metal horn antenna units is 4 wavelengths; flow stopping grooves are arranged among the metal horn antenna units for transmitting, among the metal horn antenna units for receiving and among the metal horn antenna units for transmitting and the metal horn antenna units for receiving, and the width and the depth of the flow stopping grooves are 1mm and 1mm respectively; the width of the metal horn antenna unit for transmitting and the metal horn antenna unit for receiving is 2.2mm, the length is 1.5mm, and the depth is 2 mm; the width of the radiation source of the feeding patch antenna for transmitting and the radiation source of the feeding patch antenna for receiving is 1.05mm, and the length of the radiation source of the feeding patch antenna for transmitting and the length of the radiation source of the feeding patch antenna for receiving is 0.87 mm; the width of the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity for transmitting and the substrate integrated waveguide back cavity for receiving are 2.15mm, and the length is 2 mm; the width of the transmitting substrate integrated waveguide transmission line and the receiving substrate integrated waveguide transmission line is 2.6mm, and the length thereof is 3 mm.
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| CN113363696A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-09-07 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Planar integrated millimeter wave series-fed horn array with filtering characteristic |
| CN114267951A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-01 | 中国航天科工集团八五一一研究所 | Broadband open waveguide radiation antenna and design method thereof |
| CN115986434A (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2023-04-18 | 安徽大学 | Multiple-input multiple-output millimeter wave antenna array |
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| US20150048984A1 (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2015-02-19 | Tsinghua University | Waveguide horn arrays, methods for forming the same and antenna systems |
| CN107134651A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-09-05 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of planar horn antenna for the substrate integration wave-guide for loading dipole array |
| CN107394395A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-11-24 | 东南大学 | Dual-polarization horn antenna based on plane orthomode coupler |
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| CN107134651A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-09-05 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of planar horn antenna for the substrate integration wave-guide for loading dipole array |
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| CN113363696A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-09-07 | 杭州电子科技大学 | Planar integrated millimeter wave series-fed horn array with filtering characteristic |
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| CN114267951A (en) * | 2021-12-24 | 2022-04-01 | 中国航天科工集团八五一一研究所 | Broadband open waveguide radiation antenna and design method thereof |
| CN115986434A (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2023-04-18 | 安徽大学 | Multiple-input multiple-output millimeter wave antenna array |
| CN115986434B (en) * | 2023-03-16 | 2023-06-09 | 安徽大学 | Multiple-input multiple-output millimeter wave antenna array |
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