CN112373154B - 高阻燃强隔热复合面料 - Google Patents

高阻燃强隔热复合面料 Download PDF

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CN112373154B
CN112373154B CN202011241896.4A CN202011241896A CN112373154B CN 112373154 B CN112373154 B CN 112373154B CN 202011241896 A CN202011241896 A CN 202011241896A CN 112373154 B CN112373154 B CN 112373154B
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fabric
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retardant
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CN112373154A (zh
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张泽武
柏蓉
卜小海
杨金涛
王晶喜
鲍煦文
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Nanjing Institute of Technology
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Abstract

本发明提供一种高阻燃强隔热复合面料，所述复合面料从表层到里层包括表层面料、隔热层面料、吸热层面料和里层面料，其中：所述表层面料由有机硅改性聚丙烯腈纤维丝和芳纶纤维纱线交织编织形成；所述里层面料由阻燃棉纤维丝和有机复合型导电纤维纱线交织并由硅氮系阻燃粘胶定型；所述隔热层面料为聚酰亚胺纤维/TiO2‑SiO2复合气凝胶层；所述吸热层面料为微胶囊相变层。本发明的高阻燃强隔热复合面料，具有优异的高阻燃、强隔热、透湿舒适等性能，可以适应消防、电气、冶金、焊接和石化等行业安全防护应用。

Description

高阻燃强隔热复合面料
技术领域
本发明涉及防护服技术领域，具体而言涉及一种高阻燃强隔热复合面料。
背景技术
消防、石油化工、冶金铸造、电力电气等行业的工作人员常常会在高温环境中作业，有可能会发生烫伤等事故。为保障这些特殊行业从业人员的人身安全，就需要配备热防护服。热防护服需要具备较好的阻燃性能和隔热性能，还需要具备特殊功能，如防静电性能和防金属融液飞溅性能等，而且需要具备较好的透湿舒适性能以保证从业人员可以长时间穿着热防护服进行作业。
近年来各类民用、装饰和产业用纤维以及非织造布的应用领域快速扩大，由于90％以上的布料都具有易燃特性，根据相关部门的统计数据显示，我国平均每年的大小火灾都会给社会造成5亿元以上的经济损失，而由易燃的面料引发的严重火灾就占了火灾总次数的一半以上，迫切需要研究开发出高阻燃隔热并且舒适透湿的面料。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种高阻燃强隔热复合面料，具有优异的高阻燃、强隔热、透湿舒适等性能，可以适应消防、电气、冶金、焊接和石化等行业安全防护应用。
为实现上述目的，本发明提出一种高阻燃强隔热复合面料，所述复合面料从表层到里层包括表层面料、隔热层面料、吸热层面料和里层面料，其中：
所述表层面料由有机硅改性聚丙烯腈纤维丝和芳纶纤维纱线交织编织形成；
所述里层面料由阻燃棉纤维丝和有机复合型导电纤维纱线交织并由硅氮系阻燃粘胶定型；
所述隔热层面料为聚酰亚胺纤维/TiO2-SiO2复合气凝胶层；
所述吸热层面料为微胶囊相变层。
其中，所述表层面料、隔热层面料、吸热层面料和里层面料中，相邻的面料通过PTFE膜粘合。
其中，所述复合面料的克重为210～500g/m2。
其中，所述里层面料中阻燃棉纤维的质量分数为50％～60％，所述硅氮系阻燃粘胶的质量分数为20％～40％，所述有机复合型导电纤维的质量分数为10％～20％。
与现有技术相比，本发明提出的高阻燃强隔热复合面料的显著优点在于：
1、通过PTFE膜粘合制得包括表层面料、隔热层面料、吸热层面料和里层面料的多层结构，获得具有高阻燃、强隔热、抗静电、透湿舒适的特种面料；
2、表层面料由有机硅改性聚丙烯腈纤维和芳纶纤维纱线织成，其中有机硅改性聚丙烯腈纤维具有优异的疏水、疏油性能，还可以赋予复合面料优异的防金属熔滴的性能；
3、里层面料由阻燃棉纤维、硅氮系阻燃粘胶和有机复合型导电纤维纱线织成，在保证舒适性的同时，可提高面料的抗静电性能；
4、隔热层面料为聚酰亚胺纤维/TiO2-SiO2复合气凝胶层，提高了面料阻隔外界热量的性能；吸热层面料为微胶囊相变层，可对穿透面料的余热进行进一步的吸收。
应当理解，前述构思以及在下面更加详细地描述的额外构思的所有组合只要在这样的构思不相互矛盾的情况下都可以被视为本公开的发明主题的一部分。另外，所要求保护的主题的所有组合都被视为本公开的发明主题的一部分。
结合附图从下面的描述中可以更加全面地理解本发明教导的前述和其他方面、实施例和特征。本发明的其他附加方面例如示例性实施方式的特征和/或有益效果将在下面的描述中显见，或通过根据本发明教导的具体实施方式的实践中得知。
附图说明
附图不意在按比例绘制。在附图中，在各个图中示出的每个相同或近似相同的组成部分可以用相同的标号表示。为了清晰起见，在每个图中，并非每个组成部分均被标记。现在，将通过例子并参考附图来描述本发明的各个方面的实施例，其中：
图1为本发明一种高阻燃强隔热透湿舒适复合面料的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了更了解本发明的技术内容，特举具体实施例并配合所附图式说明如下。
在本公开中参照附图来描述本发明的各方面，附图中示出了许多说明的实施例。本公开的实施例不必定意在包括本发明的所有方面。应当理解，上面介绍的多种构思和实施例，以及下面更加详细地描述的那些构思和实施方式可以以很多方式中任意一种来实施，这是因为本发明所公开的构思和实施例并不限于任何实施方式。另外，本发明公开的一些方面可以单独使用，或者与本发明公开的其他方面的任何适当组合来使用。
结合图1，本发明提出一种高阻燃强隔热并且透湿的复合面料，在保证高阻燃强隔热性能的同时还获得了透湿舒适等性能，相比现在难以长时间穿着的传统防护服具有较高的优越性，在安全防护领域具有较好的应用前景。
作为示例性实施例的复合面料从表层到里层至少包括表层面料、隔热层面料、吸热层面料和里层面料。
表层面料由有机硅改性聚丙烯腈纤维和芳纶纤维纱线织成。
所述里层面料由阻燃棉纤维、硅氮系阻燃粘胶和有机复合型导电纤维纱线织成。尤其是，里层面料由阻燃棉纤维丝和有机复合型导电纤维纱线交织并由硅氮系阻燃粘胶定型。
所述隔热层面料为聚酰亚胺纤维/TiO2-SiO2复合气凝胶层。
所述吸热层面料为微胶囊相变层。
所述表层面料中有机硅改性聚丙烯腈纤维的质量分数为30％～80％，所述有机硅为全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷、正硅酸四乙酯、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的两种或两种以上的组合。
所述里层面料中阻燃棉纤维的质量分数为50％～60％，所述硅氮系阻燃粘胶的质量分数为20％～40％，所述有机复合型导电纤维的质量分数为10％～20％。
其中，所述阻燃棉纤维为多聚芳基磷酸酯改性的棉纤维，所述有机复合型导电纤维为聚苯胺与聚丙烯腈共混纺丝得到的纤维。
所述表层面料、隔热层面料、吸热层面料和里层面料中，相邻的面料通过PTFE膜粘合。复合面料的克重为210～500g/m2。
下面结合具体的示例，更加具体的描述本发明的实施。
实施例1：
用全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷和正硅酸四乙酯制备有机硅，再以有机硅改性聚丙烯腈纤维和芳纶纤维纱线织成表层面料，其中有机硅改性聚丙烯腈纤维的质量分数为40％；
用质量分数为50％的阻燃棉纤维、质量分数为30％的硅氮系阻燃粘胶和质量分数为20％的有机复合型导电纤维织成里层面料；其中阻燃棉纤维为多聚芳基磷酸酯改性的棉纤维，有机复合型导电纤维为聚苯胺与聚丙烯腈共混纺丝得到的纤维；
隔热层面料为聚酰亚胺纤维/TiO2-SiO2复合气凝胶层；
吸热层面料为微胶囊相变材料，采用结晶水合盐囊心+聚乙烯包覆膜。
最后用PTFE膜依次将表层面料、隔热层面料、吸热层面料和里层面料粘合即可制得该高阻燃强隔热透湿舒适复合面料。
实施例2：
用全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、正硅酸四乙酯和γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷制备有机硅，再以有机硅改性聚丙烯腈纤维和芳纶纤维纱线织成表层面料，其中有机硅改性聚丙烯腈纤维的质量分数为30％；
用质量分数为55％的阻燃棉纤维、质量分数为25％的硅氮系阻燃粘胶和质量分数为20％的有机复合型导电纤维织成里层面料；其中阻燃棉纤维为多聚芳基磷酸酯改性的棉纤维，有机复合型导电纤维为聚苯胺与聚丙烯腈共混纺丝得到的纤维；
隔热层面料为聚酰亚胺纤维/TiO2-SiO2复合气凝胶层；
吸热层面料为微胶囊相变材料；采用结晶水合盐囊心+聚乙烯包覆膜。
最后用PTFE膜依次将表层面料、隔热层面料、吸热层面料和里层面料粘合即可制得该高阻燃强隔热透湿舒适复合面料。
实施例3：
用全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷、正硅酸四乙酯和γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷制备有机硅，再以有机硅改性聚丙烯腈纤维和芳纶纤维纱线织成表层面料，其中有机硅改性聚丙烯腈纤维的质量分数为70％；
用质量分数为60％的阻燃棉纤维、质量分数为30％的硅氮系阻燃粘胶和质量分数为10％的有机复合型导电纤维织成里层面料；其中阻燃棉纤维为多聚芳基磷酸酯改性的棉纤维，有机复合型导电纤维为聚苯胺与聚丙烯腈共混纺丝得到的纤维；
隔热层面料为聚酰亚胺纤维/TiO2-SiO2复合气凝胶层；
吸热层面料为微胶囊相变材料；采用结晶水合盐囊心+聚乙烯包覆膜。
最后用PTFE膜依次将表层面料、隔热层面料、吸热层面料和里层面料粘合即可制得该高阻燃强隔热透湿舒适复合面料。
对比例1
用聚丙烯腈纤维和芳纶纤维纱线织成表层面料，其中有聚丙烯腈纤维的质量分数为70％；
用质量分数为60％的阻燃棉纤维、质量分数为30％的硅氮系阻燃粘胶和质量分数为10％的有机复合型导电纤维织成里层面料；其中阻燃棉纤维为多聚芳基磷酸酯改性的棉纤维，有机复合型导电纤维为聚苯胺与聚丙烯腈共混纺丝得到的纤维；
隔热层面料为聚酰亚胺纤维/TiO2-SiO2复合气凝胶层；
最后用PTFE膜依次将表层面料、隔热层面料和里层面料粘合即可制得该复合面料。
对比例2
以聚丙烯腈纤维和芳纶纤维纱线织成表层面料，其中聚丙烯腈纤维的质量分数为60％；
用质量分数为60％的阻燃棉纤维和质量分数为30％的硅氮系阻燃粘胶织成里层面料；其中阻燃棉纤维为多聚芳基磷酸酯改性的棉纤维；
吸热层面料为微胶囊相变材料；采用结晶水合盐囊心+聚乙烯包覆膜。
最后用PTFE膜依次将表层面料、吸热层面料和里层面料粘合即可制得该高阻燃强隔热透湿舒适复合面料。
应用例
将实施例和对比例制备的复合面料进行实际性能测试；其评价结果如表1所示。
表1性能评价结果
Figure BDA0002768693720000051
由上表1可知，本申请提供的具有特殊多层结构的多功能纤维复合面料，无需额外的后整理即可获得优异的阻燃、隔热、防金属熔滴、抗静电等功能；其强度也十分优异。
虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然其并非用以限定本发明。本发明所属技术领域中具有通常知识者，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，当可作各种的更动与润饰。因此，本发明的保护范围当视权利要求书所界定者为准。

Claims (5)

1.一种高阻燃强隔热复合面料，其特征在于，所述复合面料从表层到里层包括表层面料、隔热层面料、吸热层面料和里层面料，其中：
所述表层面料由有机硅改性聚丙烯腈纤维丝和芳纶纤维纱线交织编织形成；
所述里层面料由阻燃棉纤维丝和有机复合型导电纤维纱线交织并由硅氮系阻燃粘胶定型；
所述隔热层面料为聚酰亚胺纤维/TiO2-SiO2复合气凝胶层；
所述吸热层面料为微胶囊相变层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃强隔热复合面料，其特征在于，所述表层面料、隔热层面料、吸热层面料和里层面料中，相邻的面料通过PTFE膜粘合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃强隔热复合面料，其特征在于，所述复合面料的克重为210～500g/m2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃强隔热复合面料，其特征在于，所述里层面料中阻燃棉纤维的质量分数为50％～60％，所述硅氮系阻燃粘胶的质量分数为20％～40％，所述有机复合型导电纤维的质量分数为10％～20％。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高阻燃强隔热复合面料，其特征在于，所述表层面料中有机硅改性聚丙烯腈纤维的质量分数为30％～80％，所述有机硅为全氟辛基三乙氧基硅烷、聚二甲基硅氧烷、正硅酸四乙酯、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的两种或两种以上的组合。
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CN106515097A (zh) * 2015-09-11 2017-03-22 天津工业大学 一种轻薄型高性能隔热防护服面料及其制备方法
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