CN112369353B - 一种提高大菱鲆幼鱼植物蛋白部分替代饲料效果的养殖方法 - Google Patents
一种提高大菱鲆幼鱼植物蛋白部分替代饲料效果的养殖方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112369353B CN112369353B CN202011342372.4A CN202011342372A CN112369353B CN 112369353 B CN112369353 B CN 112369353B CN 202011342372 A CN202011342372 A CN 202011342372A CN 112369353 B CN112369353 B CN 112369353B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- turbot
- feed
- juvenile
- content
- protein
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 241000157468 Reinhardtius hippoglossoides Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 108010064851 Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 title description 14
- 235000021118 plant-derived protein Nutrition 0.000 title description 14
- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 240000000249 Morus alba Species 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 235000008708 Morus alba Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 235000019733 Fish meal Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000004467 fishmeal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 108010082495 Dietary Plant Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 102100037486 Reverse transcriptase/ribonuclease H Human genes 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 108010068370 Glutens Proteins 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000021312 gluten Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019764 Soybean Meal Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004455 soybean meal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 101710130006 Beta-glucanase Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010001817 Endo-1,4-beta Xylanases Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010059820 Polygalacturonase Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 108010093305 exopolygalacturonase Proteins 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 abstract description 23
- 235000019784 crude fat Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 11
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 8
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 6
- 210000001835 viscera Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000037356 lipid metabolism Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 11
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 235000019750 Crude protein Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 108010023302 HDL Cholesterol Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 108010028554 LDL Cholesterol Proteins 0.000 description 4
- 230000004584 weight gain Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000019786 weight gain Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 108010013563 Lipoprotein Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000043296 Lipoprotein lipases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 108020004999 messenger RNA Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010010234 HDL Lipoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000015779 HDL Lipoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010007622 LDL Lipoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000007330 LDL Lipoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000186660 Lactobacillus Species 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 241000269908 Platichthys flesus Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 2
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229940039696 lactobacillus Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000021073 macronutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxine Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZJQQNWSSLCLJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(OCC)=CC=C21 AZJQQNWSSLCLJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102100029077 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710158485 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000255789 Bombyx mori Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000269981 Bothidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 101150075266 CYP7A1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium propionate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCC([O-])=O.CCC([O-])=O BCZXFFBUYPCTSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910021580 Cobalt(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JDMUPRLRUUMCTL-VIFPVBQESA-N D-pantetheine 4'-phosphate Chemical compound OP(=O)(O)OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCS JDMUPRLRUUMCTL-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000004930 Fatty Liver Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010019708 Hepatic steatosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hexa-Ac-myo-Inositol Natural products CC(=O)OC1C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C(OC(C)=O)C1OC(C)=O SQUHHTBVTRBESD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010061218 Inflammation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007696 Kjeldahl method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-leucine Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-lysine Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N L-valine Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leucine Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(O)=O ROHFNLRQFUQHCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010067125 Liver injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lysine Natural products NCCCCC(N)C(O)=O KDXKERNSBIXSRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004472 Lysine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000168 Microcrystalline cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O N,N,N-trimethylglycinium Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC(O)=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 102000000536 PPAR gamma Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010016731 PPAR gamma Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000944 Soxhlet extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Threonine Natural products CC(O)C(N)C(O)=O AYFVYJQAPQTCCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004473 Threonine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Valine Natural products CC(C)C(N)C(O)=O KZSNJWFQEVHDMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003451 Vitamin B1 Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003779 Vitamin B12 Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003471 Vitamin B2 Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 description 1
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003448 Vitamin K Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930013930 alkaloid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000540 analysis of variance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000433 anti-nutritional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002685 biotin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020958 biotin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011616 biotin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001506 calcium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010331 calcium propionate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004330 calcium propionate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-WZHZPDAFSA-L cobalt(3+);[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2r)-1-[3-[(1r,2r,3r,4z,7s,9z,12s,13s,14z,17s,18s,19r)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2 Chemical compound [Co+3].N#[C-].N([C@@H]([C@]1(C)[N-]\C([C@H]([C@@]1(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=C(\C)/C1=N/C([C@H]([C@@]1(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=C\C1=N\C([C@H](C1(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=C/1C)[C@@H]2CC(N)=O)=C\1[C@]2(C)CCC(=O)NC[C@@H](C)OP([O-])(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](N2C3=CC(C)=C(C)C=C3N=C2)O[C@@H]1CO FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-WZHZPDAFSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000009841 combustion method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000366 copper(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000010706 fatty liver disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000021050 feed intake Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N glutamine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(N)=O ZDXPYRJPNDTMRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 231100000753 hepatic injury Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002955 immunomodulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940121354 immunomodulator Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000004054 inflammatory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229960000367 inositol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N inositol Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007413 intestinal health Effects 0.000 description 1
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000005228 liver tissue Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000004213 low-fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940016286 microcrystalline cellulose Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019813 microcrystalline cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008108 microcrystalline cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000150 monocalcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013642 negative control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036542 oxidative stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009048 phenolic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007965 phenolic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N phylloquinone Natural products CC(C)CCCCC(C)CCC(C)CCCC(=CCC1=C(C)C(=O)c2ccccc2C1=O)C SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013641 positive control Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RADKZDMFGJYCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxal hydrochloride Natural products CC1=NC=C(CO)C(C=O)=C1O RADKZDMFGJYCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000028503 regulation of lipid metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 231100000240 steatosis hepatitis Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000003431 steroids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003505 terpenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004474 valine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000010374 vitamin B1 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011691 vitamin B1 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019163 vitamin B12 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011715 vitamin B12 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019164 vitamin B2 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011716 vitamin B2 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019158 vitamin B6 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011726 vitamin B6 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019168 vitamin K Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011712 vitamin K Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003721 vitamin K derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940011671 vitamin b6 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940046010 vitamin k Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Physiology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种促进大菱鲆幼鱼生长的桑叶添加剂，能够有效的缓解高植物蛋白饲料替代鱼粉对大菱鲆的不良影响，促进大菱鲆的生长。本发明首先提供一种能够促进大菱鲆幼鱼生长的桑叶添加剂，是将桑叶用复合蛋白酶进行酶解制备的。本发明中的饲料添加剂在大菱鲆幼鱼饲料中显著促进了大菱鲆的生长，降低了全鱼粗脂肪的含量、血清中一些脂肪代谢指标的含量且调控了脂质代谢相关的基因的表达。且不影响大菱鲆的饲料效率、肝体比、脏体比和肥满度；不影响鱼体水分、灰分和蛋白的含量。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于鱼类养殖技术领域，具体涉及一种提高大菱鲆幼鱼植物蛋白饲料效率的养殖方法，即提高大菱鲆饲料植物蛋白替代效果，降低大菱鲆脂肪含量并促进大菱鲆幼鱼生长的方法。
背景技术
大菱鲆又叫多宝鱼，属于鲽形目，鲆科，菱鲆属，是一种肉食性海水鱼类，是我国重要的经济鱼类之一。大菱鲆具有生长迅速，刺少肉质肥美，腥味小，高蛋白质，低脂肪，富含不饱和脂肪酸及微量元素等诸多优点而受到消费者喜爱。大菱鲆对饲料中蛋白质含量要求较高(理想的蛋白含量在50％左右)，而鱼粉是饲料中蛋白质的主要来源。但是，鱼粉长期供不应求，且其价格高昂，因此需要用来源广泛、价格低廉的植物蛋白源来替代适量的鱼粉以降低饲料成本。但在养殖过程中发现，过高的植物蛋白替代鱼粉会导致大菱鲆生长滞缓，免疫力下降，脏器损伤(肝脏损伤和肠道炎症)，进而会导致鱼类死亡率升高。因此，寻找免疫调节剂已经引起了水产研究者的广泛关注。此外在工厂化养殖过程中，脂肪的过度积累会导致生产损失，肉质改变，和鱼类的脂肪肝，因此脂质代谢的调节已成为水产养殖研究的一个值得关注的重点。
桑叶是蚕桑行业的主要的原料，仅中国一个国家桑叶年产量就有1197万吨，每年都会有大量多余叶子被浪费掉或用作陆地养殖动物的原料。桑叶因其营养成分丰富，活性物质含量众多，价格低廉且极易获得而受到广泛关注。桑叶的成分非常多样，其中常量营养素中蛋白质含量最高，大概在15-28％之间，其氨基酸种类也非常丰富，尤其是缬氨酸，谷氨酰胺，亮氨酸，甘氨酸和赖氨酸。桑叶中维生素和矿物质的含量也极高，且桑叶还含有多种有效的生物活性成分，如黄酮类和多酚类、多糖、类固醇、萜类物质、酚酸、生物碱和有机酸等。但是，由于桑叶中还有较高的纤维素，这些纤维素不仅不能被鱼类利用，而且还会对鱼类的生长产生不利的作用。抗营养因子的存在也影响了桑叶在大菱鲆养殖中的应用。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种提高大菱鲆幼鱼植物蛋白饲料效率的养殖方法，将桑叶作为大菱鲆饲料功能性添加剂使用，以提高大菱鲆饲料植物蛋白替代效果，降低大菱鲆脂肪含量，提高大菱鲆幼鱼免疫力，有效的缓解高植物蛋白饲料替代鱼粉对大菱鲆的不良影响。
本发明首先提供一种能够促进大菱鲆幼鱼生长的桑叶添加剂，是将桑叶用复合蛋白酶进行酶解制备的；
所述的复合蛋白酶，包含有纤维素酶、果胶酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶、β-葡聚糖酶和木聚糖酶；
更进一步的，所述的桑叶添加剂，是先用复合蛋白酶进行酶解，酶解产物再用混合菌进行发酵制备的；
所述的混合菌，其中包含有酵母菌、乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌
本发明所提供的桑叶添加剂用于制备大菱鲆饲料；
所述的大菱鲆饲料，其中使用植物蛋白替代了45％或以上的鱼粉；
所述的桑叶添加剂在大菱鲆饲料中的添加量为1-2％。
本发明还提供一种大菱鲆幼鱼的养殖方法，是使用添加了桑叶添加剂的植物蛋白饲料来饲喂大菱鲆幼鱼。
本发明解决了桑叶无法直接添加到饲料中的问题。本发明中的饲料添加剂在大菱鲆幼鱼饲料中显著促进了大菱鲆的生长，提高大菱鲆饲料植物蛋白添加比例，降低了全鱼粗脂肪的含量、血清中一些脂肪代谢指标的含量且调控了脂质代谢相关的基因的表达。且不影响大菱鲆的饲料效率、肝体比、脏体比和肥满度；不影响鱼体水分、灰分和蛋白的含量。
附图说明
图1：大菱鲆幼鱼照片图；
图2：大菱鲆幼鱼养殖实验照片图；
图3：大菱鲆肝脏hmgcor，Cyp7a1，LPL和PPAR-γmRNA的表达量。
具体实施方式
大菱鲆饲料中蛋白质含量较高，而饲料中蛋白质的主要来源是鱼粉，常规大菱鲆饲料中鱼粉含量高达60％。但是，由于近十几年来，鱼粉供应严重不足，且其价格高昂，在这种情况下，必须尽快找到合适的植物蛋白源以降低饲料成本。目前单一植物蛋白源一般可替代大菱鲆饲料中20％左右的鱼粉而对大菱鲆生长不产生显著影响(如豆粕，玉米蛋白粉)，复合蛋+白源替代比例一般不会超过30％。当配合饲料中含有植物蛋白比例较高时，会影响饲料适口性，损害大菱鲆肠道健康，影响养殖效果。
为了解决这一问题，本发明筛选获得了能够有效解决高植物蛋白对大菱鲆带来的影响的添加剂，从而促成了本发明。
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细的描述。
实施例1制备酶解桑叶
复合酶酶解桑叶(F)：使用的复合酶购自山东苏柯汉生物工程股份有限公司，复合酶包含有纤维素酶、果胶酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶、β-葡聚糖酶和木聚糖酶。每千克桑叶用1g的复合酶，复合酶首先加水稀释40倍，再加入桑叶中拌匀后装入封口袋，密封后在50℃酶解3小时，在75℃放置2分钟以终止酶作用。然后将酶解的桑叶铺在托盘上在烘箱(50℃)内烘干，得到酶解桑叶(F)。
将酶解桑叶作为添加剂，与大菱鲆幼鱼饲料的其它组分按从小到大的比例逐级混匀，制成大菱鲆幼鱼饲料。
实施例2：酶解桑叶进行发酵
复合酶酶解后发酵桑叶(FF)：
在上一步酶解得到的酶解桑叶(F)的基础上再用混合菌进行发酵，混合菌购自沧州市中信生物科技有限公司，包含有酵母菌、乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌(按1:1:1的比例混合)。
首先进行菌种活化，具体步骤是将以菌种：红糖：水＝1:1:50的比例放入锥形瓶，密封后在37℃活化4小时备用。每1kg酶解桑叶加入4-5g的菌种，酶解桑叶和活化菌液混匀后，放入封口袋密封在37℃酶解7天，然后将酶解后发酵的桑叶铺在托盘上在烘箱(50℃)内烘干。酶解桑叶后再用混合菌进行发酵得到酶解后发酵的桑叶(FF)；与大菱鲆幼鱼饲料的其它组分按从小到大的比例逐级混匀制成饲料。
实施例3养殖实验
实验实施地点位于山东省胶南市，使用上述实施例1的酶解桑叶(F)和实施例2的发酵桑叶(FF)中作为添加剂添加到大菱鲆配合饲料作为实验组，以含有60％的鱼粉的饲料组为正对照组(FM)，以复合植物蛋白(豆粕：玉米蛋白粉：谷朊粉：花生粕＝49:25:16:10)替代45％的鱼粉的饲料组为负对照组(CON)。饲料具体配方见表1。
表1：实验饲料配方表
注：1FM:鱼粉组；CON:用复合植物蛋白源替代45％的鱼粉；F1:在CON组饲料中添加1％的复合酶酶解的桑叶；F2:在CON组饲料中添加2％的复合酶酶解的桑叶；FF1:在CON组饲料中添加1％的复合酶酶解后再发酵的桑叶；FF2：在CON组饲料中添加2％的复合酶酶解后再发酵的桑叶。
a购自青岛七好生物技术有限公司。鱼粉：粗蛋白69.23％，粗脂肪7.56％；小麦粉：粗蛋白20.01％，粗脂肪2.50％；啤酒酵母：粗蛋白54.65％，粗脂肪3.04％。
b复合植物蛋白是按豆粕：玉米蛋白粉：谷朊粉：花生粕＝49:25:16:10的比例混合所得。植物蛋白原料购自青岛七好生物技术有限公司。豆粕：粗蛋白51.81％，粗脂肪2.43％；玉米蛋白粉：粗蛋白67.41％，粗脂肪2.56％；谷朊粉：粗蛋白86.00％，粗脂肪0.90％；花生粕：粗蛋白54.58％，粗脂肪1.17％。
c维生素预混料(mg/kg diet)：维生素B1，25；维生素B2，45；维生素B6，20；维生素K，10；维生素B12，10；肌醇，800；酸钙，60；烟酸，200；叶酸，20；生物素，60；维生素A，32；维生素D，5；维生素E，240；泛维生素磷酸酯，2000；微晶纤维素,16473。
d矿物质预混料(mg/kg diet)：CoCl2(1％)，50；CuSO4·5H2O，10；FeSO4·7H2O，80；ZnSO4·H2O，50；MnSO4·H2O，45；MgSO4·7H2O，1,200；H2NaOSe(1％)，20；沸石粉，3485。
e桑叶：购自成都桑果果食品有限公司。
f其他：磷酸二氢钙0.50％，氯化胆碱0.25％，诱食剂1％(甜菜碱：硫代甜菜碱：苏氨酸：甘氨酸：5-磷酸肌苷＝4:2:2:1:1)；丙酸钙0.05％；乙氧基喹啉0.05％；海藻酸钠1％；三氧化二钇0.1％。
选取初重6.50±0.01g的大菱鲆幼鱼，分进18个桶(桶体积为300L)，每桶30条鱼，每个处理设置三个平行组，进行9周的养殖实验。养殖期间水温控制在18.0-21.0℃之间，盐度控制在29-32‰之间，溶氧高于7mg/l，氨氮和亚硝酸盐的含量低于0.1mg/l。
养殖实验结束后，称鱼重，根据鱼重和摄食的饲料量计算饲料效率、增重率和特定生长率。解剖鱼体，取出内脏团和肝脏称量，计算肝体比、脏体比和肥满度。以烘干法测定鱼体水分，以索氏抽提法测量鱼体粗脂肪，以凯氏定氮法测定鱼体粗蛋白，以马弗炉燃烧法测定鱼体灰分。取大菱鲆的肝脏组织和血清，测定血清中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白及低密度脂蛋白的含量。并测定与脂肪代谢相关的基因的表达量。
试验数据以平均值±标准误(X±SD),数据分析使用SPSS18.0软件，通过ANOVA分析数据间的显著性差异，对于存在显著性差异(P<0.05)的数值以英文上标字母标记。
结果显示，添加1％和2％的酶解桑叶(F)及添加2％的酶解后发酵的桑叶(FF)的饲料投喂大菱鲆，增重率显著高于对照组，显著促进了大菱鲆的生长(表2)。
表2饲料中添加桑叶对大菱鲆生长性能和饲料效率的影响
注：增重率(％)＝100×(终末体重-初始体重)/初始体重
特定生长率(％d-1)＝100×(Ln终末体重-Ln初始体重)/养殖天数
饲料效率(FE,％)＝鱼体增重/摄食饲料量
另外，桑叶添加剂表现出良好的降脂作用添加2％的FML和FFML显著降低了大菱鲆全鱼粗脂肪的含量(表3)，添加2％的FFML显著降低了大菱鲆血清中总胆固醇(T-CHO)的含量(表4)，且抑制了脂蛋白脂肪酶(LPL)mRNA的表达(图1)。2％的FML降低了高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)的含量，而添加桑叶都显著降低了低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)的含量(表4)。此外，添加2％的FML和FFML显著抑制了肝脏3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰基辅酶A还原酶(Hmgcor)mRNA的表达(图1)。
表3：饲料中添加桑叶对大菱鲆形体指标和体成分的影响
注：肝体比(％)＝100％×肝脏的重量(g)/鱼体总重(g)
脏体比(％)＝100％×内脏团的重量(g)/鱼体总重(g)
肥满度(％)＝100％×鱼体总重(g)/体长(cm)3
表4：饲料中添加桑叶添加剂对大菱鲆血清脂质代谢指标的影响
注：T-CHO，总胆固醇；TG，甘油三酯；HDL-C，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇，LDL-C，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。T-CHO，TG，HDL-C和LDL-C的单位是mmol/L。
本实验植物蛋白选取的是复合植物蛋白，经实验验证，将酶解桑叶和酶解后发酵处理的桑叶对单一植物蛋白替代鱼粉的饲料中，也有明显改善养殖效果的作用。
综上指标所述，用复合植物蛋白源替代45％鱼粉蛋白显著降低了大菱鲆的生长性能、饲料效率，并且造成了氧化应激。而在高植物蛋白饲料中添加2％的酶解桑叶或酶解+发酵桑叶显著促进大菱鲆生长，而且起到了良好的降脂作用。
Claims (2)
1.一种大菱鲆幼鱼的养殖方法，其特征在于，所述的方法是使用大菱鲆幼鱼饲料来饲喂大菱鲆幼鱼；所述的大菱鲆幼鱼饲料中使用植物蛋白替代了40%或以上的鱼粉；且大菱鲆幼鱼饲料中还添加了桑叶添加剂；所述的桑叶添加剂在大菱鲆饲料中的添加量为1-2%；
所述的桑叶添加剂先用复合蛋白酶进行酶解，酶解产物再用混合菌进行发酵制备的；
所述的复合蛋白酶包含有纤维素酶、果胶酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶、β-葡聚糖酶和木聚糖酶；所述的混合菌中包含有酵母菌、乳酸菌和芽孢杆菌。
2.如权利要求1所述的养殖方法，其特征在于，所述的植物蛋白为豆粕、玉米蛋白粉、谷朊粉、花生粕的混合物，其中豆粕：玉米蛋白粉：谷朊粉：花生粕的质量份数比为49:25:16:10。
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011342372.4A CN112369353B (zh) | 2020-11-26 | 2020-11-26 | 一种提高大菱鲆幼鱼植物蛋白部分替代饲料效果的养殖方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011342372.4A CN112369353B (zh) | 2020-11-26 | 2020-11-26 | 一种提高大菱鲆幼鱼植物蛋白部分替代饲料效果的养殖方法 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN112369353A CN112369353A (zh) | 2021-02-19 |
| CN112369353B true CN112369353B (zh) | 2022-03-29 |
Family
ID=74588351
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202011342372.4A Active CN112369353B (zh) | 2020-11-26 | 2020-11-26 | 一种提高大菱鲆幼鱼植物蛋白部分替代饲料效果的养殖方法 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN112369353B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112997929B (zh) * | 2021-02-24 | 2022-08-26 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | 一种用于大规模测定大菱鲆个体饲料转化率的装置及方法 |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP4665150B2 (ja) * | 2000-12-01 | 2011-04-06 | 有限会社北山キット | 桑葉粉末 |
| CN103918889B (zh) * | 2014-04-30 | 2015-12-02 | 中国海洋大学 | 一种植物复合蛋白 |
| RU2548106C1 (ru) * | 2014-10-30 | 2015-04-10 | Институт биологии южных морей им. А.О. Ковалевского | Способ интенсивного выращивания мальков камбалы калкан |
| CN106036250A (zh) * | 2016-07-28 | 2016-10-26 | 中国海洋大学 | 一种大菱鲆饲料用的植物复合蛋白 |
| CN109744365A (zh) * | 2019-03-18 | 2019-05-14 | 南京可莱威生物科技有限公司 | 一种桑叶发酵饲料及其制备方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-11-26 CN CN202011342372.4A patent/CN112369353B/zh active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112369353A (zh) | 2021-02-19 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN102018151A (zh) | 中华鳖成鳖阶段粉状配合饲料 | |
| CN102669448B (zh) | 一种肉大鸡低能量饲料及其制备方法 | |
| CN102090538A (zh) | 中华鳖稚鳖阶段粉状配合饲料 | |
| CN103349156B (zh) | 一种富寡肽的花鳗鲡粉状配合饲料 | |
| CN102669447B (zh) | 一种肉中鸡低蛋白饲料及其制备方法 | |
| CN102018152A (zh) | 中华鳖幼鳖阶段粉状配合饲料 | |
| CN107114601A (zh) | 一种加州鲈鱼苗无淀粉开口配合饲料 | |
| CN103478446B (zh) | 南美白对虾养殖前期配合饲料 | |
| CN102018129A (zh) | 一种保健型鲤鱼饲料及其制备方法 | |
| CN103931881A (zh) | 一种加州鲈和乌鳢用膨化配合饲料的制备方法 | |
| CN102018121A (zh) | 一种保健型草鱼饲料及其制备方法 | |
| CN105124152A (zh) | 一种快大型肉鸡专用饲料 | |
| CN105533291B (zh) | 一种无鱼粉无豆粕黄河鲤鱼配合饲料及其制备方法 | |
| CN102018113A (zh) | 一种鳙鱼饲料及其制备方法 | |
| CN103478450B (zh) | 南美白对虾养殖后期配合饲料 | |
| CN102018127A (zh) | 青鱼饲料及其制备方法 | |
| CN107889976B (zh) | 一种工厂化养殖南美白对虾生态饲料 | |
| CN113100355A (zh) | 一种改善罗非鱼肉质的饲料添加剂及饲料 | |
| CN112369353B (zh) | 一种提高大菱鲆幼鱼植物蛋白部分替代饲料效果的养殖方法 | |
| CN110679787A (zh) | 一种河蟹专用功能性生态饲料 | |
| CN114223805A (zh) | 一种肉鸭养殖的黑水虻昆虫混合饲料的制备方法 | |
| CN102018134A (zh) | 一种青鱼饲料及其制备方法 | |
| CN104286578A (zh) | 斑节对虾养殖中期配合饲料 | |
| CN104273398A (zh) | 斑节对虾养殖前期配合饲料 | |
| CN102018147B (zh) | 一种降低罗非鱼肠脂的配合饲料 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |