CN112358465A - 一种化合物及其组成的电解液、锂离子电池 - Google Patents
一种化合物及其组成的电解液、锂离子电池 Download PDFInfo
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 11
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- -1 lithium hexafluorophosphate Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910015872 LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(fluorosulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FS(=O)(=O)[N-]S(F)(=O)=O VDVLPSWVDYJFRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002995 LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013418 LiNixCoyM1-x-yO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910013496 M-Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002931 mesocarbon microbead Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 5
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- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZEOXEPOAQYDFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene-1,2-disulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1S(O)(=O)=O ZEOXEPOAQYDFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJLVXRPNNDKMMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,4,5,6-tetrafluorophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=C(F)C(F)=C(F)C(F)=C1C(O)=O YJLVXRPNNDKMMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013075 LiBF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013872 LiPF Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001290 LiPF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101150058243 Lipf gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical compound OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium carbonate Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-]C([O-])=O XGZVUEUWXADBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052808 lithium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004768 lowest unoccupied molecular orbital Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
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- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07D417/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
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- C07F7/0803—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages
- C07F7/081—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te
- C07F7/0812—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring
- C07F7/0816—Compounds with Si-C or Si-Si linkages comprising at least one atom selected from the elements N, O, halogen, S, Se or Te comprising a heterocyclic ring said ring comprising Si as a ring atom
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电池材料技术领域,特别涉及一种化合物及其组成的电解液、锂离子电池。
背景技术
锂离子电池由于其具有高能量密度、高电压和长寿命等特点而广泛应用于便携式电子产品,同时也成为当前动力和储能领域的重要选择。
锂离子电池电解液主要由锂盐和有机碳酸酯组成,被称为电池的血液。电解液是连接正负电极的桥梁,在电池内部起着传输离子和传导电流的作用。因此,电解液性质对电池性能的影响非常显著,电解液组成和性能的优化对提高锂离子电池的性能具有非常重要的意义。在锂离子电池首次充放电过程中,锂盐、溶剂和添加剂会在碳负极表面发生不可逆的还原反应,形成一层电子绝缘离子可导的固体电解质界面膜(SEI膜)。SEI膜的形成是一个不可逆的反应,会消耗掉电池中的一部分能够循环的锂离子,造成电池的可逆容量降低。加入添加剂可以在不增加或基本不增加电池成本、不改变生产工艺的情况下提高电池整体电化学性能,其具有用量小、针对性强的特点。以往的添加剂大多是有机溶剂如碳酸亚乙烯酯(VC)、氟代碳酸乙烯酯(FEC)等。这些添加剂虽然可以提高整体性能,然而其组成的电池不耐高低温,在高温和低温下的循环性能仍不足。
为此,特提出本发明。
发明内容
本发明的第一目的在于提供一种化合物,该化合物添加到电解液中能够提高电池的高低温循环性能和倍率性。
本发明的第二目的在于提供含有上述化合物的电解液和锂离子电池。
为了实现以上目的,本发明提供了以下技术方案:
一种化合物,其通式为:
其中,R1、R2、R4和R5各自独立地为-S-、-C-或-S(=O)-;
R3为-SiH-、-N-、--P或-P(=O)-;
R6为-SiH2-、-NH-、-PH-或-PH(=O)-;以及
R7为-F、-NH2、-COOH、-OH或-CN。
以上通式范围内的化合物都含有强吸电子基团氟原子,并且含有不饱和官能团,用作电解液的添加剂,可优先于有机溶剂与负极反应生成SEI膜,更利于电池循环性能的提高。
通式范围内的化合物包括但不限于:
在一些优选的实施方式中,R3为-N-、-SiH-或-P-,R6为-NH-或-PH-,R7为-F或-NH2时化合物对电解池的电性能改善明显。在一些更加优选的实施方式中,R3为-N-,R6为-NH-,R7为-F时化合物对电解池的电性能改善更明显,尤其是化合物1、化合物2、化合物3。
本发明的上述化合物主要通过缩合反应制得,以化合物1、化合物2、化合物3为例,其制备路线为:
其中,R=-C-、-S-或-S=O-;化合物B为氨基哌啶-2,6-二酮。
在一些实施方式中,上述反应式的具体过程为:按摩尔比为1:1~2称取反应物A和B于反应瓶中,加入适量的有机溶剂溶解,在45~120℃下反应回流 8h,回流完成后冷却至室温,之后将其进行冷却析晶,待析出晶体后过滤,取滤饼,真空干燥2~24h,得到上述化合物产物。
A和B的摩尔比可以是1:1、1:1.2、1:1.5、1:1.7、1:2等,优选1:1~1.5。
反应式中所用的有机溶剂为乙腈,乙酸,乙醇,四氢呋喃,二甲基亚砜,乙醚,碳酸二甲酯,碳酸二乙酯,碳酸甲乙酯,N,N-二甲基吡咯烷酮,二甲基甲酰胺和二甲基乙酰胺等中的一种或多种。
本发明上述的化合物具有很强的吸电子性,可用于相关领域,本发明仅列举了其作为锂离子电池电解液添加剂的应用,但本发明对化合物的用途并不做限制。
当本发明的化合物用于锂离子电池电解液添加剂时,其具有以下技术效果:
1、化合物中含有的不饱和官能团(双键、环状结构、芳香环)可优先于电解液中的溶剂得到电子,在负极发生还原反应,可形成聚烷基碳酸锂(猜测是化合物开环聚合反应生成聚烷基碳酸锂)覆盖负极表面,保护电极材料的结构,有助于电池循环性能的提高;
2、化合物是含有强吸电子基团F原子的有机分子,可有效降低添加剂的最低空轨道(LUMO)能量,使其优先于溶剂分子获得电子发生还原反应形成SEI 膜,提高电极/电解液之间的兼容性,降低电池极化,提高电池的高温和常温循环性能;
3、化合物中的引入硫酸酯和亚硫酸酯,由于其在负极的得电子能力要强于碳酸酯,因此具有优先成膜的条件,可在负极表面形成致密度更高,机械强度更好和更薄的SEI膜,更有利于锂离子的迁移,降低电池的极化,提高电池的循环性能和倍率性能。
综上,本发明的化合物由于特殊的结构因而会优先于电解液中的溶剂与负极反应,生成SEI膜,从而改善电池的电性能。
本发明的化合物用于电解液时,对电解液中的锂盐、有机溶剂、电池的正负极材料、隔膜等没有限制,常见的锂盐、有机溶剂、电池的正负极材料、隔膜都适配于本发明的化合物,化合物的添加量也是可调整的。
本发明所述的电解液主要指锂盐、有机溶剂和上述化合物组成的溶液。
在一些实施方式中,所述电解液中所述化合物的质量含量为0.1%~5%,例如0.1%、0.5%、0.8%、1%、1.2%、1.5%、1.7%、2.0%、2.3%、2.5%、3.0%、 3.3%、3.5%、4.0%、4.5%、5.0%,其中优选为0.5%~1.5%。
在一些实施方式中,所述有机溶剂为以下中的至少两种混合:碳酸乙烯酯 (EC),碳酸二甲酯(DMC),碳酸二乙酯(DEC),碳酸甲乙酯(EMC),碳酸丙烯酯(PC),优选至少含有碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯和碳酸二乙酯。
在一些实施方式中,所述有机溶剂中碳酸乙烯酯的质量含量为20%~40%、碳酸甲乙酯的质量含量为30%~60%、碳酸二乙酯的质量含量为15%~30%、碳酸二甲酯的质量含量为0%~40%、碳酸丙烯酯的质量含量为0%~20%。
在一些实施方式中,所述锂盐为六氟磷酸锂(LiPF6)、双草酸硼酸锂 (LiBOB)、二氟草酸硼酸锂(LiODFB)、四氟硼酸锂(LiBF4)、双氟磺酰亚胺锂(LiFSI)中的一种或多种混合。
在一些实施方式中,所述锂盐在所述电解液中浓度为0.8~1.2mol/L。
本发明所述的锂离子电池主要指正极、负极和电解液组成的电池。
在一些实施方式中,所述正极为三元正极材料,优选LiNixCoyM1-x-yO2(0.6 ≤x≤1,0≤y≤0.4,M=Mn和/或Al),优选为LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2或LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2;
在一些实施方式中,所述负极包括天然石墨、人工石墨、石墨化MCMB和中间相沥青基碳纤维中的至少一种。
在一些实施方式中,还包括位于所述正极和负极之间的隔膜,所述隔膜为 PE膜、PP膜或二者的复合膜。
综上,与现有技术相比,本发明达到了以下技术效果:
本发明提供了一种可用作电解液添加剂的化合物,化合物添加到电解液中能够提高电池的高低温循环性能和倍率性,尤其在锂离子电池方面效果显著。
附图说明
通过阅读下文优选实施方式的详细描述,各种其他的优点和益处对于本领域普通技术人员将变得清楚明了。附图仅用于示出优选实施方式的目的,而并不认为是对本发明的限制。而且在整个附图中,用相同的参考符号表示相同的部件。在附图中:
图1为本发明提供的化合物1的H谱;
图2为本发明提供的化合物1的F谱;
图3为本发明提供的化合物2的H谱;
图4为本发明提供的化合物2的F谱;
图5为本发明提供的化合物3的H谱;
图6为本发明提供的化合物3的F谱。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用原药、试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品或者可以根据现有技术制备得到。
下文中的化合物1、2和3分别对应上文方面内容的化合物1、2和3。
化合物1的制备:
按摩尔比为1:1.05分别称取23.8g四氟邻苯二甲酸和13.44g氨基哌啶-2,6- 二酮于烧瓶中,加入150mL乙腈,置于80℃的油浴锅中磁力搅拌,回流反应 8h。之后冷却至室温,并在-10℃下冷却析晶过滤,之后将滤饼真空干燥,得到化合物1总计7.92g,测试其核磁H谱和F谱分别为图1和图2。
化合物2的制备:
按摩尔比为1:1.2分别称取31.0g四氟邻苯二磺酸和15.36g氨基哌啶-2,6- 二酮于烧瓶中,加入180mL四氢呋喃,置于95℃的油浴锅中磁力搅拌,回流反应12h。之后冷却至室温,并在-10℃下冷却析晶过滤,之后将滤饼真空干燥,得到化合物2总计10.85g,测试其核磁H谱和F谱分别为图3和图4。
化合物3的制备:
按摩尔比为1:1.1分别称取27.8g四氟邻苯亚磺酸和14.08g氨基哌啶-2,6- 二酮于烧瓶中,加入200mL碳酸二甲酯,置于60℃的油浴锅中磁力搅拌,回流反应16h。之后冷却至室温,并在-10℃下冷却析晶过滤,之后将滤饼真空干燥,得到化合物3总计11.17g,测试其核磁H谱和F谱分别为图5和图6。
实施例1
高镍三元正极材料电解液的制备:在水分小于10ppm的手套箱中,于15℃将有机溶剂按照碳酸乙烯酯(EC):碳酸甲乙酯(EMC):碳酸二乙酯(DEC)=5:7:3 的质量比混合均匀,干燥,除水除杂,加入电解质锂盐LiPF6配成1.2mol/L的溶液,充分搅拌混合均匀,加入化合物1使其在电解液中的质量含量为1.0%,搅拌混合均匀,静置12h,制得高镍三元正极材料电解液。
正极片的制备:将正极活性物质高镍三元材料LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2、导电剂乙炔黑、粘结剂聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)按质量比95:3:2在N-甲基吡咯烷酮体系中充分搅拌混合均匀,涂覆在正极集流体铝箔上,经段切、分切制得正极片。
负极片的制备:将负极活性物质石墨、导电剂乙炔黑、粘结剂丁苯橡胶 (SBR)、增稠剂羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)按质量比96:2:1.2:0.8在去离子水溶剂体系中充分搅拌混合均匀后,涂覆在负极集流体铜箔上,经段切、分切制得负极极片。
隔膜:以PE多孔聚合薄膜作为隔膜。
锂离子软包电池的制备:将得到的正极片、负极片分别焊接极耳、贴胶、卷绕等工艺制备成干软包电芯,然后真空干燥箱中85℃烘烤72h,待冷后,将电芯转移至水分小于10ppm的手套箱中注入上述配制电解液,将其装成软包电池。
性能测试:将上述电解液注入到经过干燥的1.75Ah的LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2/ 石墨软包电芯,电池经45℃搁置、高温夹具化成和二次封口后进行常规分容。
常温循环性能评价:25℃下,1C、2.75~4.2V循环300圈,计算其容量保持率,结果见表1。
高温循环性能评价:45℃下,1C、2.75~4.2V循环200圈,计算其容量保持率。
高温存储性能评价:25℃下将电池1C充放电1次,记录25℃的放电容量,然后1C恒流恒压充满,转移至60℃下进行存储七天,再进行放电,计算其高温存储放电容量保持率。
低温放电性能评价:25℃下将电池1C充放电1次,记录25℃的放电容量,然后1C恒流恒压充满,记录-20℃下放电容量,计算其低温放电容量保持率。
实施例2
高镍三元正极材料电解液中:所加入的添加剂为化合物2,其他与实施例1 相同。
实施例3
高镍三元正极材料电解液中:所加入的添加剂为化合物3,其他与实施例1 相同。
对比例1
高镍三元正极材料电解液中:未加入任何添加剂,其他与实施例1相同。
对比例2
高镍三元正极材料电解液中:所加入的添加剂为氟代碳酸乙烯酯(FEC),其他与实施例1相同。
对比例3
高镍三元正极材料电解液中:所加入的添加剂为碳酸亚乙烯酯(VC),其他与实施例1相同。
上述实施例和对比例的电池性能如表1所示,与常规的添加剂相比,本发明的化合物能显著提高电池常温、高温和低温下的电性能。
表1
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此,本发明的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的化合物,其特征在于,R3为-N-、-SiH-或-P-;R6为-NH-或-PH(=O)-;R7为-F或-NH2。
4.权利要求1-3任一项所述的化合物在电解液或锂离子电池中的应用。
5.一种锂离子电池的电解液,其特征在于,包括权利要求1-3任一项所述的化合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电解液,其特征在于,所述电解液中所述化合物的质量含量为0.1%~5%,优选为0.5%~1.5%。
7.根据权利要求5所述的电解液,其特征在于,所述电解液还包括锂盐和有机溶剂;
所述有机溶剂为以下中的至少两种混合:碳酸乙烯酯,碳酸二甲酯,碳酸二乙酯,碳酸甲乙酯,碳酸丙烯酯,优选至少含有碳酸乙烯酯、碳酸甲乙酯和碳酸二乙酯;
优选地,所述有机溶剂中碳酸乙烯酯的质量含量为20%~40%、碳酸甲乙酯的质量含量为30%~60%、碳酸二乙酯的质量含量为15%~30%、碳酸二甲酯的质量含量为0%~40%、碳酸丙烯酯的质量含量为0%~20%。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电解液,其特征在于,所述锂盐为六氟磷酸锂、双草酸硼酸锂、二氟草酸硼酸锂、四氟硼酸锂、双氟磺酰亚胺锂中的一种或多种混合;
优选地,所述锂盐在所述电解液中浓度为0.8~1.2mol/L。
9.一种锂离子电池,其特征在于,主要由正极、负极和电解液组成,所述电解液为权利要求5-8任一项所述的电解液。
10.根据权利要求9所述的锂离子电池,其特征在于,所述正极为三元正极材料,优选LiNixCoyM1-x-yO2(0.6≤x≤1,0≤y≤0.4,M=Mn和/或Al),优选为LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2或LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2;
优选地,所述负极包括天然石墨、人工石墨、石墨化MCMB和中间相沥青基碳纤维中的至少一种。
优选地,还包括位于所述正极和负极之间的隔膜,所述隔膜为PE膜、PP膜或二者的复合膜。
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