CN112358277B - 可烧制出泡沫翡翠状肌理的陶泥料及其陶制品的烧制方法 - Google Patents
可烧制出泡沫翡翠状肌理的陶泥料及其陶制品的烧制方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
可烧制出泡沫翡翠状肌理的陶泥料及其陶制品的烧制方法，所述陶泥料是按质量比将75％～95％的白色普通陶泥料与5％～25％的绿色碳化硅粉末混合，再加入适量水，用练泥机反复炼制而成。将练制好的陶泥料经人工拉坯或机器压膜成型，风干后放入柴窑中，用松柴作为燃料烧至少80小时，即可得到表面具有泡沫翡翠状肌理的陶制品。本发明陶泥料烧制得到的陶制品，表面泡沫翡翠状肌理自然而美观，翡翠色泽对比度好，古朴独特，是极具价值的艺术品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及陶泥料及其陶制品烧制方法技术领域。
背景技术
传统陶制品在生产和生活中主要体现两大功能：一是文化的载体功能，即将陶作为一种文化载体，如把字画描绘或刻填于陶坯体之上，再经烧制、打磨形成可长期保存的艺术品，它突出的是人文性；二是容器的盛装功能，如将陶制作为茶具、餐具、等生活生产用品，它突出的是实用性。由此可见，陶制品的研发主要是关注陶的成型和装饰两个方面，研发新型陶泥料，特别是具有独特艺术效果和功能的陶泥料，一直是行业人员的不断追求。
发明内容
本发明的目的提供一种具有独特艺术效果和功能的陶泥料，以及采用这种泥料烧制出表面具有泡沫翡翠状肌理的陶制品的方法。
实现本发明目的的技术方案如下：
一种可烧制出泡沫翡翠状肌理的陶泥料，是按质量比将75％～95％的白色普通陶泥料与5％～25％的绿色碳化硅粉末混合，再加入适量水，用练泥机反复炼制而成。
进一步地，所述绿色碳化硅粉末为200目以上的粉末。
进一步地，所述白色普通陶泥料为已炼制好的280目以上的白色建水紫陶泥料。
采用本发明所述陶泥料烧制陶制品的方法，是将练制好的陶泥料经人工拉坯或机器压膜成型，风干后放入柴窑中，用松柴作为燃料烧至少80小时，得到表面具有泡沫翡翠状肌理的陶制品。
进一步地，烧制陶制品的烧成制度如下：从常温开始以每分钟2℃～3℃的速度缓缓升温，大约4小时后温度达到500℃，然后连续18个小时保持窑温450℃～550℃；接下来以每分钟3℃～4℃的速度缓缓升温，大约2.5小时后温度到达900℃，再连续21.5个小时保持窑温800℃～1000℃；之后继续以每分钟3℃～4℃的速度缓缓升温，大约1.5小时后温度到达1200℃，再连续10.5个小时保持窑温1100℃～1200℃；再继续以每分钟1℃～2℃的速度缓缓升温，大约1小时后温度到达1300℃，剩余时间让窑温保持在1200℃～1300℃之间，直至停火封窑，待窑温降至常温时，即可开窑出货。
碳化硅俗名金刚砂，分子式为SiC。绿色碳化硅通常是用石英砂(SiO2)和碳、木屑、食盐等原料通过电阻炉高温冶炼而成，其具有高硬度、高耐磨性、高耐腐蚀性及较高的高温强度。绿色碳化硅在空气中加热到1300℃时，会与空气中的氧气发生化学反应生成具有玻璃质感且粘稠的二氧化硅和碳的氧化物气体，生成的气体被粘稠的液体包裹难以逸出，冷却后形成泡沫釉。加之含碳化硅的陶坯体在柴窑中烧制时，自身产生的二氧化硅与柴烧落灰相互作用形成的落灰泡沫肌理更加自然和明显。
陶坯体在柴窑中烧制时，迎火面称为阳面，背火面称为阴面。阳面气压大氧气多呈氧化气氛，阴面气压较低氧气少呈还原气氛。本发明使用的绿色碳化硅为绿色粉末，内含少量杂质铁，加之柴烧用的燃料为松柴，也含铁元素，铁元素在氧化气氛下呈现黄翡色，铁元素在还原气氛下呈现翠绿色，故而在烧成的陶制品上形成阴阳翡翠色泽(即阴面和阳面形成不同的翡翠色泽，且阴面和阳面之间的色泽过渡自然)，从而使烧出来的陶制品表面具有泡沫肌理和翡翠色泽。
陶泥料中碳化硅的质量分数在5％--25％范围内均可产生具有泡沫肌理和翡翠色泽落灰釉。碳化硅含量越高，泡沫面积越大、凸凹感越强，翡翠色泽越明显；碳化硅含量越低，泡沫面积越小且分布越均匀，泡沫翡翠落灰釉的稳定性越高。
本发明至少具有如下优点：
(1)练制陶泥料的原料均来自自然界且为存储量较大的物质，取材容易，生产成本低。
(2)陶泥料中含抗热振性好的碳化硅，制成的陶胚体经多次试验证明，胚体变形和开裂几率小，废品率低。
(3)用本发明陶泥料烧制得到的陶制品，表面泡沫翡翠状肌理自然而美观，翡翠色泽对比度好，古朴独特，是极具价值的艺术品。
附图说明
图1是本发明烧制成的一件陶制品的阳面的实物图片；
图2是同一件陶制品的阳面和阴面过渡的实物图片。
具体实施方式
实施例1
可烧制出泡沫翡翠状肌理的陶泥料，按质量比将80％的白色普通陶泥料与20％的绿色碳化硅粉末混合，再加入适量水，用练泥机反复炼制，使白色普通陶泥料与绿色碳化硅粉末充分混合均匀，即得所需的陶泥料。所述绿色碳化硅粉末采用200目以上的粉末，绿色碳化硅粉末可以直接市购，也可以将绿色碳化硅颗粒粉碎后过200目筛制得。目前市场上销售的碳化硅分为黑色碳化硅和绿色碳化硅两种，本发明必须采用绿色碳化硅，以使烧制后的陶器呈现翡翠色。所述白色普通陶泥料采用已炼制好的280目以上的白色建水紫陶泥料。白色建水紫陶泥料可以直接市购，也可以采用现有技术自制。采用白色建水紫陶泥料，可以使烧制后的陶制品表面形成的泡沫翡翠状肌理被映衬得更加漂亮。
实施例2
可烧制出泡沫翡翠状肌理的陶泥料，按质量比将75％％的白色普通陶泥料与25％的绿色碳化硅粉末混合，再加入适量水，用练泥机反复炼制，使白色普通陶泥料与绿色碳化硅粉末充分混合均匀，即得所需的陶泥料。所述绿色碳化硅粉末采用200目以上的粉末。所述白色普通陶泥料为已炼制好的280目以上的白色建水紫陶泥料。
实施例3
可烧制出泡沫翡翠状肌理的陶泥料，按质量比将95％的白色普通陶泥料与5％的绿色碳化硅粉末混合，再加入适量水，用练泥机反复炼制，使白色普通陶泥料与绿色碳化硅粉末充分混合均匀，即得所需的陶泥料。所述绿色碳化硅粉末采用200目以上的粉末。所述白色普通陶泥料为已炼制好的280目以上的白色建水紫陶泥料。
实施例4
采用本发明所述陶泥料烧制陶制品的方法，是将练制好的陶泥料经人工拉坯或机器压膜成型，风干后放入柴窑中，用松柴作为燃料烧至少80小时，得到表面具有泡沫翡翠状肌理的陶制品。烧成制度如下：从常温开始以每分钟2℃～3℃的速度缓缓升温，大约4小时后温度达到500℃，然后连续18个小时保持窑温450℃～550℃；接下来以每分钟3℃～4℃的速度缓缓升温，大约2.5小时后温度到达900℃，再连续21.5个小时保持窑温800℃～1000℃；之后继续以每分钟3℃～4℃的速度缓缓升温，大约1.5小时后温度到达1200℃，再连续10.5个小时保持窑温1100℃～1200℃；再继续以每分钟1℃～2℃的速度缓缓升温，大约1小时后温度到达1300℃，剩余时间让窑温保持在1200℃～1300℃之间，直至停火封窑，待窑温降至常温时，即可开窑出货。
实际生产时，一般是将练制好的陶泥料经人工拉坯或机器压膜成型，风干后放入柴窑中，用松柴作为燃料烧4天3夜，具体如下：第一天(早8:00--次日早8:00)从常温开始以每分钟2～3℃的速度缓缓升温，大约4小时后温度达到500℃，剩余18个小时窑温保持在500℃左右(上下偏差不超过50℃)，这一步操作的目的是温窑、烤坯和坯体分子间脱水；第二天(早8:00--次日早8:00)从500℃左右开始以每分钟3～4℃的速度缓缓升温，大约2.5小时后温度到达900℃，剩余21.5个小时窑温保持在900℃左右(上下偏差不超过100℃)；第三天(早8:00--晚20:00)从900℃左右开始以每分钟3～4℃的速度缓缓升温，大约1.5小时后温度到达1200℃，剩余10.5个小时窑温保持在1100--1200℃之间；第四天(第三天晚20:00--次日下午18:00)从1200℃左右开始以每分钟1～2℃的速度缓缓升温，大约1小时后温度到达1300℃，剩余时间让窑温保持在1200～1300℃之间反复多次烧成，直到下午18:00停火封窑。大约3天后窑温降至常温时，即可开窑出货，烧成的每一件陶制品上都会形成阴阳翡翠色泽，其阴面和阳面形成不同的翡翠色泽，且阴面和阳面之间的色泽过渡自然，每一件陶制品表面的泡沫翡翠状肌理都不同，变幻丰富多彩，成为具有独特艺术效果的陶制品。图1、图2所示即为一件烧制成的陶制品的阳面形态和阳面和阴面过渡的形态，可以看出其形态的变化。
Claims (4)
1.可烧制出泡沫翡翠状肌理的陶泥料，其特征在于，所述陶泥料是按质量比将75％～95％的白色普通陶泥料与5％～25％的绿色碳化硅粉末混合，再加入适量水，用练泥机反复炼制而成；将练制好的陶泥料经人工拉坯或机器压膜成型，风干后放入柴窑中，用松柴作为燃料烧至少80小时，得到表面具有泡沫翡翠状肌理的陶制品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可烧制出泡沫翡翠状肌理的陶泥料，其特征在于，所述绿色碳化硅粉末为200目以上的粉末。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的可烧制出泡沫翡翠状肌理的陶泥料，其特征在于，所述白色普通陶泥料为已炼制好的280目以上的白色建水紫陶泥料。
4.采用如权利要求1或2或3所述陶泥料烧制陶制品的方法，其特征在于，烧制陶制品的烧成制度如下：从常温开始以每分钟2℃～3℃的速度缓缓升温，4小时后温度达到500℃，然后连续18个小时保持窑温450℃～550℃；接下来以每分钟3℃～4℃的速度缓缓升温，2.5小时后温度到达900℃，再连续21.5个小时保持窑温800℃～1000℃；之后继续以每分钟3℃～4℃的速度缓缓升温，1.5小时后温度到达1200℃，再连续10.5个小时保持窑温1100℃～1200℃；再继续以每分钟1℃～2℃的速度缓缓升温，1小时后温度到达1300℃，剩余时间让窑温保持在1200℃～1300℃之间，直至停火封窑，待窑温降至常温时，即可开窑出货。
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