CN112358275A - 一种膨胀珍珠岩保温板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种膨胀珍珠岩保温板及其制备方法，该制备工艺是以珍珠岩矿砂为原料，经电热竖炉加热膨化，形成闭口膨胀珍珠岩，风力输送到混料段外加15‑20wt％混合液均匀混料，再定量送至模具内压制成膨胀珍珠岩保温板。本膨胀珍珠岩保温板制备方法属短流程，珍珠岩矿砂电热膨化、热混料(膨胀珍珠岩余温80～90℃)、热压成板材并固化(60～80℃)，与传统的以膨胀珍珠岩为原料冷压板材工艺相比，成品质量优异；制备过程能源利用率高；工艺连续紧凑、密闭，没有扬尘污染；导热系数低至0.05‑0.06W/(m·K)，抗压强度达0.5‑1.0MPa，具有良好的保温隔热性能，综合性价比高。此膨胀珍珠岩保温板组成的外墙外保温系统施工方便，质量稳定，节能防火，寿命较长，应用前景广阔。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种建筑材料，更具体的说是一种膨胀珍珠岩保温板及其短流程制备方法。
背景技术
对建筑行业使用保温隔热板是节约能源、提高能源利用率的重要方法,目前外墙外保温技术是建筑围护结构节能的必要和关键措施。膨胀珍珠岩保温板以其轻质，导热系数低，可制备较大块体板材具有良好的发展前景。但是目前市面上膨胀珍珠岩保温板制备工艺复杂制备成本过高，限制其发展与应用。
例如公开号CN107082621A一种新型建筑节能保温材料的制备方法，将膨胀珍珠岩、粉煤灰和粘结剂等先混合，再压制成型，最后涂抹固化剂固化干燥。其中膨胀珍珠岩原料生产和运输过程产生粉尘污染，板材制备分多步完成，制备的板材质量较大不利于大面积使用。
例如前期所做的工作专利号ZL201210234157.1无机轻骨料防火保温隔热板及其制备方法，在成型后需要在150～220℃下低温固化5～12h，制备保温板工时较长，工序较多，综合性价比不高。
发明内容
针对现有制备工艺的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种以珍珠岩矿砂为原料，在短流程密闭环境下生产膨胀珍珠岩保温板的方法，减少粉尘污染，以及避免膨胀珍珠岩运输过程中的损耗。
本发明的另一个目的是在膨胀珍珠岩保温板制备过程中充分利用珍珠岩膨化后的余热，减少能源浪费，并且利用该余热制备的保温板具有低密度、高强度和低热导系数等优良性能。
一种膨胀珍珠岩保温板及其制备方法包括如下步骤：
(1)膨化：将珍珠岩矿砂置于电热竖炉内先进行预热处理，除去过多水分，然后进行高温膨化，形成膨胀珍珠岩颗粒；
(2)混料：将无机粘结剂、憎水剂和水预先混合均匀形成复合溶液，然后喷洒到从膨化炉气力输送过来的、具有一定温度的膨胀珍珠岩颗粒中，混合均匀；
(3)模压成型：将混合均匀且具有一定温度的物料经螺旋输送机转移至模具内，在一定压力下压制成板材，冷却至室温，制得膨胀珍珠岩保温板。
珍珠岩矿砂在预热膨化后没有冷却至室温，而是利用膨胀珍珠岩的余温进行混料、模压等一系列连续化操作。
珍珠岩矿砂堆积密度为220～240kg/m3，粒径为0.85～2.36mm，预热温度为650～800℃，使矿砂含水量达到膨化要求，防止膨化时形成开口膨胀珍珠岩。膨化温度为1100～1200℃。
无机粘结剂为磷酸二氢铝/二氧化硅溶胶/改性正硅酸乙酯其中的一种或多种的复合粘结剂，憎水剂为有机硅憎水剂。
混料时膨胀珍珠岩余温为80～90℃，模压成型时温度为60～80℃，成型压力为1～2MPa.
模压成型后的板材重量份数如下：膨胀珍珠岩100份，无机粘结剂3～6份，有机硅憎水剂2～5份，水10份。
本发明的积极效果是：
(1)本发明制备工艺简单，由珍珠岩矿砂为原料，在膨化炉内预热膨化后，利用膨胀珍珠岩余热混料，模压成型制备保温板，制备工时短，工艺流程在封闭环境下连续化进行，减少粉尘污染，方法简便，综合性价比较高。
(2)本发明节约能源，该膨胀珍珠岩保温板制备过程中仅需要膨化加热，模压后不需要中高温热处理或烧结，并且充分利用膨化后的余热，使混料更加均匀，固化更加简便，而且在一定温度下成型，使膨胀珍珠岩保温板具有较低的密度和导热系数，较高的强度，综合性能良好。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施作进一步详细说明，其中：
图1为本发明的工艺流程图。
具体实施方法
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明:
实施例1
以堆积密度为220kg/m3，平均粒径为2.1mm的珍珠岩矿砂(选用信阳上天梯矿)为原料，以磷酸二氢铝和改性正硅酸乙酯混合液为粘结剂，制作膨胀珍珠岩防火保温隔热板。先将珍珠岩矿砂放置在膨化炉中预热，含水量达到膨化要求后，在1100℃下膨化，膨胀珍珠岩在风力作用下转移转移至混料仓；混料时膨胀珍珠岩的余温为90℃，加入预混的粘结剂与憎水剂所配置的混合溶液，混合均匀；将混合均匀的物料经螺旋输送器转移至模具内，膨胀珍珠岩余温为80℃，在1MPa的压力下压制成膨胀珍珠岩保温板；脱模干燥即可。其体积密度为180kg/m3，导热系数(平均温度25℃，以下同)0.050W/(m·K)，抗压强度0.50MPa，防火性能A1级。
实施例2
以堆积密度为230kg/m3，平均粒径为1.5mm的珍珠岩矿砂(选用信阳上天梯矿)为原料，以磷酸二氢铝粘结剂，制作膨胀珍珠岩防火保温隔热板。先将珍珠岩矿砂放置在膨化炉中预热，含水量达到膨化要求后，在1100℃下膨化，膨胀珍珠岩在风力作用下转移转移至混料仓；混料时膨胀珍珠岩的余温为80℃，加入预混的粘结剂与憎水剂所配置的混合溶液，混合均匀；将混合均匀的物料经螺旋输送器转移至模具内，膨胀珍珠岩余温为70℃，在0.8MPa的压力下压制成膨胀珍珠岩保温板；脱模干燥即可。其体积密度为200kg/m3，导热系数0.051W/(m·K)，抗压强度0.75MPa，防火性能A1级。
实施例3
以堆积密度为240kg/m3，平均粒径为0.9mm的珍珠岩矿砂(选用信阳上天梯矿)为原料，以改性正硅酸乙酯粘结剂，制作膨胀珍珠岩防火保温隔热板。先将珍珠岩矿砂放置在膨化炉中预热，含水量达到膨化要求后，在1200℃下膨化，膨胀珍珠岩在风力作用下转移转移至混料仓；混料时膨胀珍珠岩的余温为80℃，加入预混的粘结剂与憎水剂所配置的混合溶液，混合均匀；将混合均匀的物料经螺旋输送器转移至模具内，膨胀珍珠岩余温为60℃，在2MPa的压力下压制成膨胀珍珠岩保温板；脱模干燥即可。其体积密度为220kg/m3，导热系数0.058W/(m·K)，抗压强度1.00MPa，防火性能A1级。
Claims (6)
1.一种膨胀珍珠岩保温板及其制备方法，其特征在于：包括如下步骤：
(1)膨化：将珍珠岩矿砂置于电热竖炉内先进行预热处理，含水量达到膨化标准后，进行高温膨化，形成膨胀珍珠岩颗粒；
(2)混料：将无机粘结剂、憎水剂和水预先混合均匀形成复合溶液，然后喷洒到从膨化炉气力输送过来的、具有一定温度的膨胀珍珠岩颗粒中，混合均匀；
(3)模压成型：将混合均匀且具有一定温度的物料经螺旋输送机转移至模具内，在一定压力下压制成板材，冷却至室温，制得膨胀珍珠岩保温板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种膨胀珍珠岩保温板及其制备方法，其特征在于：珍珠岩矿砂在预热膨化后没有冷却至室温，而是利用膨胀珍珠岩的余温进行混料、模压等一系列连续化操作。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种膨胀珍珠岩保温板及其制备方法，其特征在于：珍珠岩矿砂堆积密度为220～240kg/m3，粒径为0.85～2.36mm，预热温度为650～800℃，使矿砂含水量达到膨化要求，防止膨化时形成开口膨胀珍珠岩。膨化温度为1100～1200℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种膨胀珍珠岩保温板及其制备方法，其特征在于：无机粘结剂为磷酸二氢铝/二氧化硅溶胶/改性正硅酸乙酯其中的一种或多种的复合粘结剂，憎水剂为有机硅憎水剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种膨胀珍珠岩保温板及其制备方法，其特征在于：混料时膨胀珍珠岩余温为80～90℃，模压成型时温度为60～80℃，成型压力为1～2MPa。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种膨胀珍珠岩保温板及其制备方法，其特征在于：模压成型后的板材重量份数如下：膨胀珍珠岩100份，无机粘结剂3～6份，有机硅憎水剂2～5份，水10份。
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