CN112345615A - 一种氮化镓基高电子迁移率晶体管的氢气传感器 - Google Patents
一种氮化镓基高电子迁移率晶体管的氢气传感器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于气体传感器技术领域,提供了一种氮化镓基高电子迁移率晶体管的氢气传感器,在所述氮化镓基材料表面分别蒸镀源极、漏极和Pd/Pt层。本发明利用当氢气吸附在Pd/Pt层上分解为氢原子传递到界面处,氢原子在界面极化吸附以后所产生的电场将引起表面纵向电荷的变化,进而调制异质结界面处二维电子气浓度,改变源漏电极的输出电流,从而测试氢气的浓度。而且本发明具有操作简单,所制备的氢气传感器稳定性好和成本低等优势,所制备的氢气传感器质量好,能够保持良好的性能且该氢气传感器可以在较为宽松的湿度环境中进行测试,不会影响其输出。制备环境条件要求简单,可稳定制备。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于气体传感器技术领域,具体涉及一种氮化镓基高电子迁移率晶体管的氢气传感器。
背景技术
随着世界对能源需求的不断增加,使得对化石能源的消耗不断增多,对环境也产生更加不利的影响。因此人们迫切希望增加可再生能源在能源结构中的占比,氢气作为可再生能源被人们给予厚望。同时氢气在航空航天、武器系统领域,还是医疗健康、燃料电池等方面都有着广泛的应用。但是当局部空气中的氢气的含量处在4%-90%时将会产生爆炸,而且又由于氢气分子很小,在实际的生产、运输过程中很容易泄漏且加上氢气分子无色无味,不易被察觉,其潜在的安全隐患比其他的气体更高,所以对氢气的检测有着迫切的需求和研究价值。
目前常用的是通过氢气传感器来检测空气中的氢气的浓度,可以有效监测氢气的泄漏。而传统的氢气传感器主要是电阻型,其灵敏度虽高,但其输出信号微弱,需要设计额外的后端电路。而且工作的条件比较苛刻,不能普遍的应用于各种环境之中。近年来,AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)技术的发展,能够使气体传感器具有了极其优异的物理和化学稳定性、热稳定性、无毒等特性使其能在各种复杂环境中应用。此外,基于HEMT的氢气传感器具有小型化、并行传感、快速响应时间和与电子制造工艺无缝集成的潜力。因此,发展AlGaN/GaN HEMT氢气传感器,对于推动我国能源事业的发展具有重要的战略意义与实用价值。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明旨在用简单的工艺流程来制备能在室温下工作的氢气传感器。且该氢气传感器能在各种复杂环境下稳定工作,其具有输出响应大、反应恢复速率较快、检测精度较高等特点。
为了达到上述目的,本发明的氢气传感器采用的技术方案为:
一种氮化镓基高电子迁移率晶体管的氢气传感器的制备方法,首先,通过热蒸发或电子束在蒸发的方法在HEMT片上生长四层金属电极,之后,一定比例的Pd/Pt金属通过热蒸发或者电子束蒸发的方法生长在HEMT的敏感区域内由此可以制备出能在室温下工作的氢气传感器。具体步骤如下:
步骤一:HEMT外延片的表面预处理:将切割好的外延片放入丙酮溶液中超声清洗10min,取出外延片,放入无水乙醇中超声清洗10min,然后将外延片放入去离子水中超声清洗10min,去除外延片表面的胶和表面附着的有机物;之后取出外延片放入体积比为1:10的稀盐酸溶液中浸泡3min除去外延片表面的氧化膜,最后将外延片放入去离子水中超声10min,去除残留的试剂。用氮气枪将外延片表面吹干待用。
步骤二:将清洗的外延片放入掩膜版下面,采用热蒸发或电子束蒸发依次蒸发Ti/Al/Ni/Au,然后将外延片取出快速退火,形成欧姆接触。
步骤三:将一定比例的Pd/Pt金属通过热蒸或者电子束蒸发的形式生长在HEMT的敏感区域。
步骤四:将电极用金属引线接出。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)通过将一定比例的Pd/Pt通过热蒸发或电子束蒸发生长在传感区表面,当氢气吸附在Pd/Pt层上分解为氢原子传递到界面处,氢原子在界面极化吸附以后所产生的电场将引起表面纵向电荷的变化,进而调制异质结界面处二维电子气浓度,改变源漏电极的输出电流,输出电流正比于氢气的浓度。该传感器在室温的条件下具有响应度大,线性度好等特点,且该氢气传感器的响应时间<2min,恢复时间<1min。
(2)此方法具有操作简单,所制备的氢气传感器稳定性好和成本低等优势,所制备的氢气传感器质量好,能够保持良好的性能且该氢气传感器可以在较为宽松的湿度环境中进行测试,不会影响其输出。制备环境条件要求简单,可稳定制备。
附图说明
图1为本发明所述氢气传感器的一种实施方式的结构示意图。
图2为本发明所述氢气传感器在不同氢气浓度时氢气传感器的响应电流输出的示意图。
图3为本发明所述氢气传感器线性度的示意图。
图4为本发明所述氢气传感器与敏感层为单一Pd和Pt在室温1000ppm氢气氛围中的瞬态曲线。
图中:101衬底;102未掺杂氮化镓层;103铝氮插入层;104铝镓氮层;105氮化镓帽层;106源电极;107漏电极;108电极保护层;109空栅修饰层。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的技术方案和有益效果更加清楚、明显,下面将结合本发明的较佳的实施例进行详细说明。显然,以下实施例并不是本发明的全部内容。
实施例1
本发明所用的HEMT结构如图1所示,包括衬底101为Al2O3层、3μm的未掺杂氮化镓层102、2nm的铝氮插入层103、铝含量为25%、25nm厚的铝镓氮层104、2nm厚的氮化镓帽层105、Ti/Al/Ni/Au的源电极106和漏电极107、SiO2的电极保护层108;
具体步骤如下:
步骤一:HEMT外延片的表面预处理:将切割好的外延片放入丙酮溶液中超声清洗10min,取出外延片,放入无水乙醇中超声清10min,然后将外延片放入去离子水中超声清洗10min,去除外延片表面的胶和表面附着的有机物;之后取出外延片放入体积比为1:10的稀盐酸溶液中浸泡3min除去外延片表面的氧化膜,最后将外延片放入去离子水中超声10min,去除残留的试剂。用氮气枪将外延片表面吹干待用。
步骤二:将清洗的外延片放入掩膜版下面,采用热蒸发依次蒸发Ti/Al/Ni/Au,然后将外延片取出快速退火,形成欧姆接触。
步骤三:将比例为1:2的Pd/Pt金属通过热蒸发或者是电子束蒸发的形式生长在HEMT的敏感区域。控制Pd/Pt层的厚度<4nm。
步骤四:将电极用金属引线接出,在环境湿度>80时,通入不同浓度的氢气进行测试。
实施例2
本发明所用的HEMT结构如如图1所示,包括衬底101为Al2O3层、3μm的未掺杂氮化镓层102、2nm的铝氮插入层103、铝含量为25%、25nm厚的铝镓氮层104、2nm厚的氮化镓帽层105、Ti/Al/Ni/Au的源电极106和漏电极107、SiO2的电极保护层108;
具体步骤如下:
步骤一:HEMT外延片的表面预处理:将切割好的外延片放入丙酮溶液中超声清洗10min,取出外延片,放入无水乙醇中超声清10min,然后将外延片放入去离子水中超声清洗10min,去除外延片表面的胶和表面附着的有机物;之后取出外延片放入体积比为1:10的稀盐酸溶液中浸泡3min除去外延片表面的氧化膜,最后将外延片放入去离子水中超声10min,去除残留的试剂。用氮气枪将外延片表面吹干待用。
步骤二:将清洗的外延片放入掩膜版下面,采用热蒸发依次蒸发Ti/Al/Ni/Au,然后将外延片取出快速退火,形成欧姆接触。
步骤三:将比例为1:1的Pd/Pt金属通过热蒸发或者是电子束蒸发的形式生长在HEMT的敏感区域。控制Pd/Pt层的厚度<4nm
步骤四:将电极用金属引线接出,。在环境湿度>80时,通入不同浓度的氢气进行测试。
实施例3
本发明所用的HEMT结构如如图1所示,包括衬底101为Al2O3层、3μm的未掺杂氮化镓层102、2nm的铝氮插入层103、铝含量为25%、25nm厚的铝镓氮层104、2nm厚的氮化镓帽层105、Ti/Al/Ni/Au的源电极106和漏电极107、SiO2的电极保护层108;
具体步骤如下:
步骤一:HEMT外延片的表面预处理:将切割好的外延片放入丙酮溶液中超声清洗10min,取出外延片,放入无水乙醇中超声清10min,然后将外延片放入去离子水中超声清洗10min,去除外延片表面的胶和表面附着的有机物;之后取出外延片放入体积比为1:10的稀盐酸溶液中浸泡3min除去外延片表面的氧化膜,最后将外延片放入去离子水中超声10min,去除残留的试剂。用氮气枪将外延片表面吹干待用。
步骤二:将清洗的外延片放入掩膜版下面,采用热蒸发依次蒸发Ti/Al/Ni/Au,然后将外延片取出快速退火,形成欧姆接触。
步骤三:将比例为2:1的Pd/Pt金属通过热蒸发或者是电子束蒸发的形式生长在HEMT的敏感区域。控制Pd/Pt层的厚度<4nm
步骤四:将电极用金属引线接出,在环境湿度>80时,通入不同浓度的氢气进行测试。
实施例4
本发明所用的HEMT结构如如图1所示,包括衬底101为Al2O3层、未3μm的掺杂氮化镓层102、2nm的铝氮插入层103、铝含量为25%、25nm厚的铝镓氮层104、2nm厚的氮化镓帽层105、Ti/Al/Ni/Au的源电极106和漏电极107、SiO2的电极保护层108;
具体步骤如下:
步骤一:HEMT外延片的表面预处理:将切割好的外延片放入丙酮溶液中超声清洗10min,取出外延片,放入无水乙醇中超声清10min,然后将外延片放入去离子水中超声清洗10min,去除外延片表面的胶和表面附着的有机物;之后取出外延片放入体积比为1:10的稀盐酸溶液中浸泡3min除去外延片表面的氧化膜,最后将外延片放入去离子水中超声10min,去除残留的试剂。用氮气枪将外延片表面吹干待用。
步骤二:将清洗的外延片放入掩膜版下面,采用热蒸发依次蒸发Ti/Al/Ni/Au,然后将外延片取出快速退火,形成欧姆接触。
步骤三:将比例为1:1的Pd/Pt金属通过热蒸发或者是电子束蒸发的形式生长在HEMT的敏感区域,控制Pd/Pt层的厚度<4nm。在200度的氮气氛围中退火10min。
步骤四:将电极用金属引线接出,在环境湿度>80时,通入不同浓度的氢气进行测试。
按照相同步骤将敏感层的Pd/Pt换成单一的Pd和Pt放在上述相同的氢气氛围中测试,其结果如图4所示。我们可以清楚的看到:
(1)从氢气的响应度来看,在1000ppm的氢气氛围中,长有Pd/Pt(2:1)的传感器的电流改变量为0.25mA,远大于单独长Pd(0.086mA)和Pt(0.063mA)的传感器的电流改变量。
(2)从响应和恢复特性看,单独长Pd的传感器不能恢复到原有的基准线,且恢复时间长,而长Pt的传感器也不能完全恢复,Pd/Pt(2:1)则能很好的工作其响应(恢复)时间分别为41s和42s远快于上述两个传感器在室温时,1000ppm的氢气氛围中。
Claims (2)
1.一种氮化镓基高电子迁移率晶体管的氢气传感器,包括衬底(101)上表面为未掺杂氮化镓层(102),在未掺杂氮化镓层(102)表面全部或部分覆盖铝氮插入层(103),在铝氮插入层(103)上表面覆盖有铝镓氮层(104),铝镓氮层(104)上表面覆盖有氮化镓帽层(105);在氮化镓帽层(105)表面或在氮化镓帽层(105)表面及铝氮插入层(103)、铝镓氮层(104)和氮化镓帽层(105)侧面生长有源电极(106)和漏电极(107);在源电极(106)和漏电极(107)表面和侧面生长电极保护层(108);栅电极不在源电极(106)和漏电极(107)之间;源电极(106)和漏电极(107)间为空栅修饰层(109);
其特征在于,所述的空栅修饰层(109)的厚度不大于10nm,由Pd/Pt金属通过热蒸发或电子束蒸发的形式,在室温到400度的氮气氛围中退火1-30min生长在源电极(106)和漏电极(107)之间的敏感区域,空栅修饰层(109);其中金属Pd和Pt的质量比为1:5-5:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氮化镓基高电子迁移率晶体管的氢气传感器,其特征在于,所述的空栅修饰层(109)的厚度为2-6nm,其中金属Pd和Pt的质量比为2:1。
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