CN112339272B - 一种可自动去支撑的光固化3d打印方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可自动去支撑的光固化3D打印方法:每一层打印过程中,光敏树脂经过405nm光源曝光形成主体部分和支撑部分,主体部分再经过365nm光源曝光,直至打印完成;将支撑部分浸泡在水中,支撑部分水解;所述光敏树脂包括丙烯酸酯和阳离子固化单体。该方法通过使用一种光敏树脂,配合两个不同波长的光源,实现主体部分和支撑部分的性能差异,从而使得支撑部分可以通过水解自动去除。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及快速成型技术,具体涉及一种可自动去支撑的光固化3D打印方法。
背景技术
3D打印,又称增材制造(additive manufacturing),是一系列快速原型成型技术(rapid prototyping)的统称。它的基本原理是以数字模型文件为基础,使用金属、塑料、陶瓷等材料,通过层层堆叠成型的方式来构造三维结构物体。
使用高分子为打印材料的3D打印技术主要包括熔融沉积成型(FDM)、选区激光烧结(SLS)、多射流熔融成型(MJF)、立体平板印刷(SLA)、数字光处理(DLP)及多重喷射(Polyjet)。其中,DLP、SLA和polyjet为代表的光固化3D打印技术由于较高的精度和打印速度而广泛应用。
光固化3D打印的一个痛点是支撑的手工去除,极大地影响了整体的打印效率,增加了打印成本。在一些特殊结构的3D打印中需要添加一些内部的支撑,而这些支撑极难后期去除。Polyjet技术可以同时打印多种材料,当选用一种可水解的光敏树脂去打印支撑部分时,可以实现支撑的自动去除。但是,polyjet技术成本非常高,而且打印速度相对DLP慢许多。如公开号为CN110789117A的中国专利公开了一种熔融沉积法混料彩色3D打印方法,同时兼顾零件打印色彩逼真及结构强度。采用的技术方案是,借助双挤出头,一个负责打印模型本体,使用的是5种不同颜色的PLA塑料线混熔作为原料;另一个负责打印模型悬空部位的支撑结构,使用的是水溶性PVA塑料,整个模型打印完毕之后支架部分水解消失,从而实现零件的熔融沉积法混料彩色3D打印。本发明的优点是成型后零件不易变形、不出现裂纹,且热应力易于控制。
对于DLP和SLA技术来说,由于其只能同时使用一种光敏树脂,导致其支撑部分和主体部分的材料性质是一致的,所以其支撑部分必须手工去除。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,提供一种可自动去支撑的光固化3D打印方法。该方法通过使用一种光敏树脂,配合两个不同波长的光源,实现主体部分和支撑部分的性能差异,从而使得支撑部分可以通过水解自动去除。
本发明所提供的技术方案为:
一种可自动去支撑的光固化3D打印方法,在模型的打印过程中,主体部分和支撑部分经历不同波长光源的曝光。具体而言,每一层打印过程中,光敏树脂经过405nm光源曝光形成主体部分和支撑部分,主体部分再经过365nm光源曝光,直至打印完成;将支撑部分浸泡在水中,支撑部分水解;所述光敏树脂包括丙烯酸酯和阳离子固化单体。
打印完成之后,主体部分为丙烯酸酯固化和阳离子单体固化后的一个互穿高分子网络,而支撑部分为丙烯酸酯固化和阳离子单体的一个混合物。支撑部分可以水解,主体部分不可以水解。
丙烯酸酯组分需包含可水溶或可水解的化合物或者化学基团。
作为优选,所述丙烯酸酯为丙烯酰吗啉,固化后可在水中溶解。
作为优选,所述丙烯酸酯为包含酸酐键的丙烯酸酯,固化后酸酐键会在水中水解。包含酸酐键的丙烯酸酯可选自丙烯酸酐、甲基丙酸酐。丙烯酸酯也可以是上述含酸酐键的丙烯酸酯与其他不含酸酐键的丙烯酸酯的混合物。
作为优选,丙烯酸酯为上述丙烯酰吗啉和包含酸酐键的丙烯酸酯的混合物。
上述丙烯酸酯组分中还包含光引发剂。作为优选,光引发剂可以选自双(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰基)苯基氧化膦(819)、二苯基-(2,4,6-三甲基苯甲酰)氧磷(TPO)中的一种或两种。
上述丙烯酸酯可由405nm光源曝光固化成型。
阳离子固化单体可选自1-丙烯基醚类、1-丁烯基醚类、1-戊烯基醚类、乙烯酮缩二乙二醇类、环氧类、氧杂环丁烷类的一种或几种。
作为优选,阳离子固化单体可选自环氧类、氧杂环丁烷类以及1-丙烯基醚类、1-丁烯基醚类。
上述阳离子单体组分中还包括阳离子光引发剂。作为优选,阳离子光引发剂可选自芳基重氮盐、二芳基碘鎓盐、三芳基硫鎓盐、芳茂铁盐。作为进一步优选,阳离子光引发剂可选自三苯基硫鎓盐、苯硫基苯基二苯基硫鎓盐、异丙苯茂铁六氟磷酸盐。
上述阳离子单体可由365nm光源曝光固化成型。
本发明中使用两个不同波长的光源。其中,405nm光源可以选自DLP面光源或者LCD面光源,365nm光源可选自DLP面光源或者激光点光源。作为优选,本发明中光源可以选自405nmDLP光源和365nmDLP光源的组合,或者405nmDLP光源和365nm激光点光源的组合。
本发明中,打印完成的包含支撑部分的物件浸泡于水中,支撑部分的丙烯酸酯固化物会溶解或者水解。为加速溶解或水解过程,可以提高水的PH或者温度。作为优选,水的pH大于7,温度大于35摄氏度。主体部分为丙烯酸酯与阳离子单体固化后的互穿网络,整体不会在水中溶解或者水解。
同现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果体现在:
(1)本发明仅使用一种光敏树脂,通过两个不同波长光源对主体及支撑的选择性曝光,实现主体与支撑性质的差异,支撑部分可在水中自动去除。
(2)本发明中所提供的打印方法工艺简单、成本低。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中光固化3D打印装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图和具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明,但本发明的实际应用并不仅限于图示的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域的技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他替换实施例,都应被认为属于本发明保护的范围。
下面通过具体的实施例介绍本发明中光敏树脂的组成:
实施例1
甲基丙烯酸酐 3g
聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(Mw=700) 7g
1,4-环己烷二甲醇双(3,4-环氧环己烷甲酸)酯 10g
819(405引发剂) 0.3g
苯硫基苯基二苯基硫鎓盐(365引发剂) 0.3g
苏丹三(紫外线阻断剂) 0.03g
实施例2
甲基丙烯酸酐 5g
聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(Mw=700) 5g
1,4-环己烷二甲醇双(3,4-环氧环己烷甲酸)酯 7g
氧杂环丁烷 3g
819(405引发剂) 0.3g
苯硫基苯基二苯基硫鎓盐(365引发剂) 0.3g
苏丹三(紫外线阻断剂) 0.03g
实施例3
丙烯酰吗啉 9g
聚乙二醇二丙烯酸酯(Mw=700) 1g
1,4-环己烷二甲醇双(3,4-环氧环己烷甲酸)酯 10g
819(405引发剂) 0.3g
苯硫基苯基二苯基硫鎓盐(365引发剂) 0.3g
苏丹三(紫外线阻断剂) 0.03g
本发明实施例中光固化3D打印装置的结构示意图如图1所示。
以下介绍具体的工艺流程,包括:
(1)配置上述实施例中的光敏树脂;
(2)对模型进行切片,上机打印。每一切片层打印时,首先对主体部分和支撑部分进行405nm光源曝光;然后切换光源,对主体部分进行365nm曝光。如此重复,直至模型打印完成;
(3)将打印完成的模型放入水中,搅拌,支撑部分溶解或水解消失。
(4)模型干燥。
以上仅为本发明的实施例而已,不能以此限定本发明实施的范围,即凡依本发明权利要求书及说明书内容所作的简单的等效变化与修饰,皆属于本发明所涵盖的范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种可自动去支撑的光固化3D打印方法,其特征在于,每一层打印过程中,光敏树脂经过405nm光源曝光形成主体部分和支撑部分,主体部分再经过365nm光源曝光,直至打印完成;将支撑部分浸泡在水中,支撑部分水解;所述光敏树脂包括丙烯酸酯和阳离子固化单体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可自动去支撑的光固化3D打印方法,其特征在于,所述丙烯酸酯为丙烯酰吗啉或含酸酐键的丙烯酸酯的一种或两种。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的可自动去支撑的光固化3D打印方法,其特征在于,所述丙烯酸酯为丙烯酰吗啉、丙烯酸酐、甲基丙烯酸酐的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可自动去支撑的光固化3D打印方法,其特征在于,所述阳离子固化单体为环氧化合物、氧杂丁环化合物、乙烯基醚化合物、烯丙基醚化合物的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可自动去支撑的光固化3D打印方法,其特征在于,所述丙烯酸酯组分包含自由基光引发剂,所述阳离子固化单体组分包含阳离子光引发剂。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可自动去支撑的光固化3D打印方法,其特征在于,所述405nm光源为DLP面光源,365nm光源为DLP面光源或者激光点光源。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可自动去支撑的光固化3D打印方法,其特征在于,用于浸泡的水的pH大于等于7。
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