CN112335474A - Multifunctional orchard protection method and device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a multifunctional orchard protection method and device, wherein the multifunctional orchard protection device comprises a fixing device, a protective net device and an anti-frost device; the invention is provided with an automatic curtain rolling machine, a temperature control switch, a rotary rocker nozzle, a lightning rod and a curtain rolling protection ceiling; the protective net is made of proper materials and has proper pore size, and oxidation resistance treatment is carried out, so that the roller shutter machine realizes automatic net collection, and when the roller shutter is used, a heavy object is connected to the tail end of the protective net, so that gravity net covering is realized; the temperature control switch monitors the temperature at any time, and when the temperature is sharply reduced, the rotary rocker arm spray head is started to spray water to form a water film in the mesh gap, so that the local humidity is improved, and the fruit trees are protected from being damaged by frost; the protective net can be freely folded and unfolded, multiple functions of wind prevention, frost prevention, hail prevention, sunscald prevention, bird prevention and the like can be realized in different seasons, and adverse effects of severe natural conditions and external environments on the yield and the quality of fruits are effectively solved.

Description

Multifunctional orchard protection method and device

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of orchard protection, in particular to a multifunctional orchard protection method and device.

Background

The main targets of orchard production are increasing fruit yield and improving fruit quality, and the occurrence of disastrous weather such as frost, hail, typhoon, high temperature and the like causes great harm to the safety production of fruit trees. The occurrence of typhoon weather not only can influence pollination of fruit trees, but also can blow branches, blow off fruits, damage fruit surfaces and cause adverse effects on the quality and yield of the fruits; frost occurs in the flowering period, so that the floral organs are damaged, and the yield is seriously reduced; after frost is formed, the temperature returns too fast in the daytime, ice crystals in intercellular spaces are quickly sublimated into water vapor, and plants usually die due to excessive water loss; when hailstones attack fruit trees, the mild hailstones weaken the tree vigor of the fruit trees, and the fruit surfaces are scratched, so that the fruit quality is reduced; if hailstones are severe, fruits of the fruit trees can be knocked off by the hailstones, branches, leaves and trunks of the trees are damaged by the hailstones, the fruit trees are dead in production and dead in harvest in the same year, the flower bud differentiation function of the fruit trees is reduced, and the occurrence of fruit tree rot is triggered; sunburn is considered as one of the main diseases affecting the color of fruits, can cause the change of structure and form, change the composition of pigments and cause the burn on the surfaces of the fruits, thereby losing the commodity value; the fruit damage caused by the bird damage in the orchard can lead to the accumulation of fruit scars and the serious influence on the yield and quality of the fruits, and besides, the fruits pecked by the birds are easy to breed germs, so that the fruit diseases are caused. Nowadays, in order to guarantee the output and the quality of fruit, adopted various safeguard procedures in the orchard to play certain effect, these have just reduced the influence that single harm produced, but the use of multiple safeguard procedure can greatly increased the input cost in orchard undoubtedly, and waste time and energy, is difficult to popularize to most orchards.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a multifunctional orchard protection method and device, which integrates wind prevention, frost prevention, hail prevention, sunburn prevention and bird prevention, adopts a mode of combining electric traction and gravity traction, and can realize automatic net covering on an orchard.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme, and provides a multifunctional orchard protection device, which comprises a protection main frame, a protection net covered on the protection main frame, and an anti-frost device arranged in the protection main frame; the frost prevention device comprises a spray head which is positioned above the fruit tree canopy and is connected with the liquid supply device.

The protection device of this scheme covers the fruit tree when using, the protection network through setting up realizes the hail, prevent sunburning, prevent bird and flexibility are prevent wind, realize the frost prevention through the frost prevention device, before the frost comes, through the shower nozzle to the crown water spray, increase canopy air humidity, because steam is great than the heat capacity, when crossing the outside air temperature dip of crown, but crown internal temperature can slow change, make the range of cooling at night diminish, thereby avoid the frost to take place, along with the continuation of air temperature reduces, water can freeze on the flower bud, because the ice internal temperature will be higher than ambient temperature, so can avoid the flower bud to further freeze injury, in addition water freezes still can release latent heat, still have certain promotion effect to crown night temperature.

Preferably, the frost prevention device further comprises a hanging bracket fixedly connected with the protective main frame, a rotary rocker arm rotatably arranged on the hanging bracket, and a driving device for driving the rotary rocker arm to rotate, and the spray head is mounted on the rotary rocker arm. This optimization scheme passes through drive arrangement drive rotary rocker arm and rotates, realizes the rotatory water spray of 360 degrees of shower nozzle, increase water spray area to improve protection area.

Preferably, the top of the protective main frame is provided with a roller shutter machine, the upper end of the protective net is fixedly connected with a reel of the roller shutter machine, and the lower end of the protective net is provided with a traction weight. According to the optimized scheme, the rolling curtain machine is arranged, so that the protective net can be automatically folded and unfolded, and when the net is covered, the gravity effect of the traction weight is used for realizing gravity net covering.

As optimization, a protective shed positioned right above the roller shutter machine is fixedly arranged at the top of the protective main frame. This optimization scheme is through setting up the protection canopy, can effectively avoid the damage that the protection network caused by the sun and rain, prolongs the life of protection network.

Preferably, the lightning rod is fixedly arranged on the protection shed. This optimization scheme avoids the thunder and lightning to cause destruction to protector through setting up the lightning rod.

As optimization, the protection main frame comprises at least two fixing frames with upper ends inclined relatively and a plurality of upright columns fixedly connected with the fixing frames and fixedly arranged, and the ejector rods and the bottom rods of the fixing frames are connected through guide reinforcing rods. According to the optimized scheme, the upright posts are arranged to support the fixing frame, and the upper end of the fixing frame is relatively inclined, so that the upper part of the end face of the protective main frame is triangular, and the net covering operation of the protective net is facilitated; through setting up the guide stiffener, further consolidate the mount, when gravity pulls to cover the net, play the effect to pulling the heavy object buffering whereabouts, guarantee to cover going on smoothly of net.

As optimization, a vertically arranged support rod is further arranged in the protective main frame and is positioned in a fruit tree row, the lower end of the support rod is fixed on the ground of the orchard, and the upper end of the support rod is fixedly connected with the ejector rod of the fixing frame. According to the optimized scheme, the supporting rods are arranged to support the fixing frame, so that the structural strength of the protective main frame is improved; the supporting rods are arranged in the fruit tree rows so as to avoid influencing manual or mechanical operation between the rows.

As optimization, a temperature control switch electrically connected with the spray head control switch is further arranged in the protection main frame. This optimization scheme is through the temperature detect switch monitoring orchard temperature that sets up, when the temperature reduces to setting for the interval, opens the shower nozzle and sprays water, has improved degree of automation and frost prevention's promptness.

The scheme also provides a multifunctional orchard protection method, which comprises the following aspects:

(1) monitoring the temperature in the orchard through a temperature control switch, when the temperature is reduced to 2-4 ℃, starting a spray head after the temperature control switch senses, spraying water before frost comes, and increasing the air humidity of the canopy to reduce the temperature reduction amplitude in the tree crown; the temperature is continuously reduced, the sprayed water freezes on the flower buds, the flower buds are prevented from being further frozen through the isolation of the ice layer, and meanwhile, the temperature of the tree crowns is improved by utilizing the heat release in the freezing process of the water;

(2) the rolling screen machine is used for unreeling the protective screen, and meanwhile, the gravity action of a traction weight is utilized to realize gravity screen covering, and the protective screen realizes flexible wind prevention, hail prevention, sunburn prevention and bird prevention; when the fruit is dry at high temperature or the bag is picked, the protective net can be released to the edge of the triangular ceiling, so that the phenomenon that the fruit surface is burnt by strong sunlight can be effectively prevented;

(3) cover the net when rotatory rocking arm shower nozzle blowout water smoke, when the protection network whereabouts, water smoke contacts the protection network and forms the water film in the hole, further promotes the frost prevention effect.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. by arranging the roller shutter and the traction heavy object, reliable net covering and net folding are realized, wind prevention, hail prevention, sunburn prevention and bird prevention are achieved, the practicability is high, the temperature of the orchard is monitored through the arranged temperature control switch, and the reliable realization of the frost prevention function is ensured;

2. the installation and maintenance are simple, the using protection effect is strong in persistence, the operation is convenient, and the investment cost is low;

3. the stand column can be optimized and adjusted according to garden building, the stand column is built on the basis of the existing support system, and the orchard garden building support system can adapt to orchards of different varieties and different tree shapes and is high in applicability.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a multifunctional orchard protection device according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a side view of the multi-functional orchard protection of the present invention;

shown in the figure:

1. the device comprises a stand column, 2, a support rod, 3, a fixing frame, 4, a spray head, 5, a temperature control switch, 6, a roller shutter machine, 7, a protective shed, 8, a lightning rod, 9, a protective net, 10, a traction heavy object, 11, a guide reinforcing rod, 12 and a fixed platform.

Detailed Description

In order to clearly illustrate the technical features of the present solution, the present solution is explained below by way of specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the multifunctional orchard protection device comprises a fixing device, a protection net device and an anti-frost device, wherein the anti-frost device can be arranged in a plurality according to the front and back length of an orchard, is fixed above a fruit tree canopy in a hanging manner, and ensures that the whole orchard can be covered by a water spraying area when the device is started.

The fixing device comprises a protection main frame for covering the fruit trees, the protection main frame comprises at least two fixing frames 3 with the upper ends relatively inclined, and a plurality of upright posts 1 fixedly connected with the fixing frames and fixedly arranged, and the upright posts 1 are vertically fixed on the ground of the orchard and are self-provided when the orchard is built in the orchard, and reinforcement and optimization can be carried out on the basis of the upright posts; the fixing frame 3 is a steel frame and is formed by building a plurality of stainless steel metal steel frames, a triangular roof structure is arranged on the stand columns 1 of the orchard during building, and is connected with the two stand columns at the head and the tail of the orchard, and the row spacing of fruit trees in the orchard can be adjusted according to the growth condition of specific trees. Still be equipped with the bracing piece 2 of vertical setting in the protection body frame, the bracing piece is the metal pole, is located the fruit tree line to influence artifical or mechanical work between the line. The lower extreme of bracing piece is fixed in orchard ground, the upper end of bracing piece and the ejector pin rigid coupling of mount, and the quantity of bracing piece increases to many according to fruit tree single file length from 2, and the bracing piece height has had the stand in using the orchard as the standard. The ejector pin of mount is connected through guide stiffener 11 between with the sill bar, and the guide stiffener of this embodiment is the package and moulds the steel wire, plays further fixed steel frame construction and gravity and pulls the effect of buffering whereabouts when covering the net, guarantees to cover going on smoothly of net. The top of the protection main frame is fixedly connected with a fixing platform 12 which is connected with an automatic curtain rolling machine to play the roles of placing the curtain rolling machine and fixing a protective net.

The protective net device comprises a curtain rolling machine 6 arranged on a fixed platform at the top of the protective main frame and a protective net 9 covered on the protective main frame, the upper end of the protective net is fixedly connected with a reel of the curtain rolling machine, and the lower end of the protective net is fixedly provided with a traction heavy object 10. The curtain machine of this embodiment adopts automatic curtain machine of rolling up, and automatic curtain machine totally two is placed in the 12 left and right sides of fixed platform respectively, starts during the use, through the action of gravity who pulls heavy object 10, realizes that gravity covers the net, then reverse start when not needing to cover the net, packs up the protection network and preserves in fixed platform 12 both sides. The top of protection body frame still sets firmly and is located the protection canopy 7 directly over rolling up the curtain machine, and the material of protection canopy uses the endurance plate, can effectively avoid the damage that the sun-cured rain drenches and cause the protection network to improve the protective effect, increase of service life. The lightning rod 8 is fixedly arranged on the protective shed, is vertical to the ground and extends upwards to be higher than the protective shed, so that damage to the protective device by lightning is prevented. The protective net 9 adopts a dense mesh structure, the mesh size range is between 2 x 2mm and 4 x 4mm, the color is white or gray, and the anti-oxidation and reinforcement treatment is carried out, so that the functions of wind prevention, hail prevention, bird prevention, sunburn prevention, frost prevention and the like can be realized at the same time, the service life is ensured to be not naturally damaged within 5 years, when in use, a rolling shutter machine is matched with a traction heavy object to cover the orchard from two sides of the protective device downwards, and when in net collection, the rolling shutter machine automatically rolls up and stores the protection device on a fixed platform; the traction weight 10 is connected with the lower end of the protective net 9, a hollow steel pipe is used as a main body, concrete is filled in the hollow steel pipe, and the effect of gravity traction is achieved when the net is covered.

The anti-frost device is arranged in the protective main frame and comprises a spray head 4 which is positioned above the crown layer of the fruit tree and is connected with the liquid supply device, the spray head is supplied with water through the liquid supply device, and when water is sprayed in a frost-proof manner, the spray head is opened to spray the water to the crown part of the fruit tree in a water mist manner. In order to increase the frost-proof area, the spray head of the embodiment is a rotary rocker spray head, the frost-proof device further comprises a hanging bracket fixedly connected with the protective main frame, a rotary rocker rotatably arranged on the hanging bracket, and a driving device for driving the rotary rocker to rotate, and the spray head is mounted on the rotary rocker. Still be equipped with in the protection body frame with shower nozzle control switch electric connection's temperature detect switch 5, temperature detect switch 5 perpendicular to ground is fixed in top steel frame construction lower extreme, and hangs upper portion in the orchard tree body, links to each other with the control switch of rotatory rocking arm shower nozzle, through the start of temperature detect shower nozzle switch in the monitoring orchard. The rotating rocker arm spray head can rotate 360 degrees to spray water mist, when the temperature is reduced to 2-4 ℃, the spray head is opened after the temperature control switch senses, water is sprayed before frost comes, the air humidity of a canopy layer is increased, because the specific heat capacity of water vapor is large, when the temperature suddenly drops outside the canopy layer, the temperature in the canopy layer can be slowly changed, the cooling range at night is reduced, thereby avoiding frost from occurring, along with the continuous reduction of the temperature, water can freeze on flower buds, because the temperature in the ice is higher than the external temperature, the flower buds can be protected from further freezing damage, in addition, the freezing of the water can release latent heat, and the temperature at night of the canopy also has a certain lifting effect.

The upright columns 1 are based on the existing upright columns in the orchard, the row spacing in the general orchard is 3-5 m, the protection device can cover 5-7 rows, and the height and the length of the device can be correspondingly adjusted according to the size of a tree body and the planting area of the orchard; the main body of the fixed steel frame is a triangular roof covering the canopy of the fruit tree, the height and the front and rear length can also be adjusted according to the planting area of the orchard, the angle range of the inclined plane of the fixed frame is 15-25 degrees, and the smooth falling of the heavy object when the net is dragged and covered is ensured; a plurality of metal supporting rods can be arranged according to the area of the orchard, so that the stability of the top structure is ensured; simultaneously, the device is frozen in frost prevention also can set up a plurality ofly according to the demand, guarantees that rotatory rocking arm shower nozzle covers whole orchard canopy when the water spray, and rotatory rocking arm shower nozzle can cover the net simultaneously when blowout water smoke, and when the protection network whereabouts, water smoke forms the water film in contacting the hole of protection network, can further promote the effect of freezing in frost prevention. The protection network can be customized according to the demand by oneself, selects suitable material, adopts close mesh structure, except that the device that freezes at the frost prevention plays the frost prevention effect when starting, still can play flexible prevent wind, hail prevention, prevent suntan, bird prevention effect when covering the net, and the protection network can be realized covering at any time according to the demand, receive the net, for example: the frost prevention effect can be achieved when cold and humid weather appears in spring; the net is covered during the fruit setting period, so that the influence of severe weather such as hail, strong wind and the like on the fruit quality can be effectively prevented; when the fruit is dry at high temperature or the bag is picked, the protective net can be released to the edge of the triangular ceiling, so that the phenomenon that the fruit surface is burnt by strong sunlight can be effectively prevented; the fruits can be covered with a net to prevent birds from pecking the fruits during the mature period.

The multifunctional orchard protection method using the protection device comprises the following steps:

1. monitoring the temperature in the orchard through a temperature control switch, when the temperature is reduced to 2-4 ℃, starting a spray head after the temperature control switch senses, spraying water before frost comes, and increasing the air humidity of the canopy to reduce the temperature reduction amplitude in the tree crown; the temperature is continuously reduced, the sprayed water freezes on the flower buds, the flower buds are prevented from being further frozen through the isolation of the ice layer, and meanwhile, the temperature of the tree crowns is improved by utilizing the heat release in the freezing process of the water;

2. the rolling screen machine is used for unreeling the protective screen, and meanwhile, the gravity action of a traction weight is utilized to realize gravity screen covering, and the protective screen realizes flexible wind prevention, hail prevention, sunburn prevention and bird prevention; when the fruit is dry at high temperature or the bag is picked, the protective net can be released to the edge of the triangular ceiling, so that the phenomenon that the fruit surface is burnt by strong sunlight can be effectively prevented;

3. cover the net when rotatory rocking arm shower nozzle blowout water smoke, when the protection network whereabouts, water smoke contacts the protection network and forms the water film in the hole, further promotes the frost prevention effect.

When the temperature is sharply reduced, the rotary rocker arm spray head is started to spray water to form a water film in the mesh gap, so that the local humidity is improved, and the fruit trees are protected from being damaged by frost; the protective net can be freely folded and unfolded, multiple functions of wind prevention, frost prevention, hail prevention, sunscald prevention, bird prevention and the like can be realized in different seasons, and adverse effects of severe natural conditions and external environments on the yield and the quality of fruits are effectively solved.

Of course, the above description is not limited to the above examples, and the undescribed technical features of the present invention can be implemented by or using the prior art, and will not be described herein again; the above embodiments and drawings are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting the present invention, and the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and shall also fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. The utility model provides a multi-functional orchard protection device which characterized in that: comprises a protection main frame, a protective net (9) covered on the protection main frame, and an anti-frost device arranged in the protection main frame; the anti-frost device comprises a spray head (4) which is positioned above the fruit tree canopy and is connected with the liquid supply device.

2. A multi-purpose orchard protection device according to claim 1, characterised in that: the frost prevention device further comprises a hanging bracket fixedly connected with the protective main frame, a rotary rocker arm rotatably arranged on the hanging bracket, and a driving device for driving the rotary rocker arm to rotate, and the spray head is arranged on the rotary rocker arm.

3. A multi-purpose orchard protection device according to claim 1, characterised in that: a roller shutter machine (6) is installed at the top of the protective main frame, the upper end of the protective net is fixedly connected with a reel of the roller shutter machine, and a traction heavy object (10) is arranged at the lower end of the protective net.

4. A multi-purpose orchard protection device according to claim 3, characterised in that: the top of the protective main frame is also fixedly provided with a protective shed (7) which is positioned right above the roller shutter machine.

5. A multi-functional orchard protection device according to claim 4, characterised in that: and a lightning rod (8) is fixedly arranged on the protective shed.

6. A multi-purpose orchard protection device according to claim 1, characterised in that: the protection main frame comprises at least two fixing frames (3) with the upper ends inclined relatively and a plurality of upright posts (1) fixedly connected with the fixing frames and fixedly arranged, and the ejector rods of the fixing frames are connected with the bottom rods through guide reinforcing rods (11).

7. A multi-functional orchard protection device according to claim 6, characterised in that: still be equipped with bracing piece (2) of vertical setting in the protection body frame, the bracing piece is located the fruit tree row, the lower extreme of bracing piece is fixed in orchard ground, the upper end of bracing piece and the ejector pin rigid coupling of mount.

8. A multi-purpose orchard protection device according to claim 1, characterised in that: a temperature control switch (5) electrically connected with the spray head control switch is also arranged in the protection main frame.

9. A multifunctional orchard protection method is characterized by comprising the following aspects:

(1) monitoring the temperature in the orchard through a temperature control switch, when the temperature is reduced to 2-4 ℃, starting a spray head after the temperature control switch senses, spraying water before frost comes, and increasing the air humidity of the canopy to reduce the temperature reduction amplitude in the tree crown; the temperature is continuously reduced, the sprayed water freezes on the flower buds, the flower buds are prevented from being further frozen through the isolation of the ice layer, and meanwhile, the temperature of the tree crowns is improved by utilizing the heat release in the freezing process of the water;

(2) the rolling screen machine is used for unreeling the protective screen, and meanwhile, the gravity action of a traction weight is utilized to realize gravity screen covering, and the protective screen realizes flexible wind prevention, hail prevention, sunburn prevention and bird prevention;

(3) cover the net when rotatory rocking arm shower nozzle blowout water smoke, when the protection network whereabouts, water smoke contacts the protection network and forms the water film in the hole, further promotes the frost prevention effect.

Images