CN112318953A - 一种大宽幅高表面外观质量的板材结构及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种大宽幅高表面外观质量的板材结构及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112318953A
CN112318953A CN202011212126.7A CN202011212126A CN112318953A CN 112318953 A CN112318953 A CN 112318953A CN 202011212126 A CN202011212126 A CN 202011212126A CN 112318953 A CN112318953 A CN 112318953A
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杨淦锋
杨克俭
杨金
宋庭柏
陈旭东
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Guangdong Juhang Institute For Advanced Materials Co ltd
Guangdong Hangke New Material Co ltd
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Abstract

一种大宽幅高表面外观质量的板材结构及其制备方法，包括铺层结构和轻质预浸料，所述铺层结构由表层和中心层组合而成，且铺层结构设置为上下结构，所述表层材质设置为高密度预浸料，所述中心层材质设置为低密度的预浸料，所述铺层结构和轻质预浸料通过热压复合成片板；所述高密度预浸料主要成分为树脂和纤维；所述低密度的预浸料主要成分为树脂、纤维和空心玻璃微珠。本发明通过铺层结构与轻质预浸料复合形成板材，可以避免因压制过程困气产生的不良问题，如分层，缺料，鼓包，翘曲等现象，同时还具有良好的力学性能，高质量外观表面。

Description

一种大宽幅高表面外观质量的板材结构及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及板材复合技术领域，尤指一种大宽幅高表面外观质量的板材结构及其制备方法。
背景技术
现有大宽幅层压板(宽幅1m以上)在压制过程中内表面容易产生困气现象，局部鼓包，影响整体外观性能，严重时表面分层，影响板材使用性能。另外由于热压后，热收缩，板面不平整，整体呈拱桥，轻微弯曲，热应力严重时会产生板面翘曲现象。例如环氧树脂硬质层压板，采用的是热固性树脂，热压时，由于环氧树脂特性，交联固化速度快，因气体不能及时排出，产生困气现象，表面容易产生气孔或气泡，同时由于流动性原因，容易产生局部缺料，影响外观性能。
因此，需要一种有效解决压制过程困气现象，能与轻质预浸料复合加工成大宽幅的板材，能维持较好的力学性能，同时能保证较好的外观质量的板材结构及其制备方法。
发明内容
鉴于以上问题，本发明提供一种大宽幅高表面外观质量的板材结构及其制备方法，具体如下：
为达到上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种大宽幅高表面外观质量的板材结构，包括铺层结构和轻质预浸料，所述铺层结构由表层和中心层组合而成，且铺层结构设置为上下结构，所述表层材质设置为高密度预浸料，所述中心层材质设置为低密度的预浸料，所述铺层结构和轻质预浸料通过热压复合成片板。
优选的，所述高密度预浸料主要成分为树脂和纤维。
优选的，所述低密度的预浸料主要成分为树脂、纤维和空心玻璃微珠。
优选的，所述树脂的成分选取环氧体系、酚醛体系、不饱和聚酯体系中任意一种均可。
本发明还提供了一种大宽幅高表面外观质量的板材结构的制备方法，操作步骤包括：
(1)材料装备：准备好要使用的模具，并配制树脂胶液；
(2)成型准备：在模具上涂刷含有固化剂的树脂混合物，再在其上铺贴一层按要求剪裁好的纤维织物，用刷子、压辑或刮刀压挤织物，使其均匀浸胶并排除气泡后，再涂刷树脂混合物，铺贴第二层纤维织物和空心玻璃微珠，使其均匀浸胶并排除气泡；
(3)固化：在一定压力作用下，将上述的铺层结构在一定压力及温度下，热压成所需宽幅、厚度的片板，将片板与轻质预浸料进行胶粘复合加热固化成型，即热压成型，再脱模得到复合材料制品。
本发明具有以下有益效果：该大宽幅高表面外观质量的板材结构及其制备方法通过铺层结构与轻质预浸料复合形成板材，可以避免因压制过程困气产生的不良问题，如分层，缺料，鼓包，翘曲等现象，同时还具有良好的力学性能，高质量外观表面；根据应用场合的不同以及实际工况，可以制备得到特殊功能轻质复合板材，如阻燃、隔声、高强、绝缘、轻质高强等。
具体实施方式
下面的实施例可以帮助本领域的技术人员更全面的理解本发明，但不可以以任何方式限制本发明。
本发明方案提供一种大宽幅高表面外观质量的板材结构，包括铺层结构和轻质预浸料，铺层结构由表层和中心层组合而成，且铺层结构设置为上下结构，表层材质设置为高密度预浸料，中心层材质设置为低密度的预浸料，铺层结构和轻质预浸料通过热压复合成片板；
高密度预浸料主要成分为树脂和纤维，采用高密度的预浸料作为铺层结构的表面，提高表面强度，可以保证表面的基本力学性能；低密度的预浸料主要成分为树脂、纤维和空心玻璃微珠，低密度的预浸料含有空心玻璃微珠，目的是在压制过程中，空心玻璃微珠破裂，使得两个界面之间的空气扩散排出，避免了困气的现象；树脂的成分选取环氧体系、酚醛体系、不饱和聚酯体系中任意一种均可。
本方案还提供一种大宽幅高表面外观质量的板材结构的制备方法，操作步骤包括：
(1)材料装备：准备好要使用的模具，并配制树脂胶液；
(2)成型准备：在模具上涂刷含有固化剂的树脂混合物，再在其上铺贴一层按要求剪裁好的纤维织物，用刷子、压辑或刮刀压挤织物，使其均匀浸胶并排除气泡后，再涂刷树脂混合物，铺贴第二层纤维织物和空心玻璃微珠，使其均匀浸胶并排除气泡；
(3)固化：在一定压力作用下，将上述的铺层结构在一定压力及温度下，热压成所需宽幅、厚度的片板，将片板与轻质预浸料进行胶粘复合加热固化成型，即热压成型，再脱模得到复合材料制品。
以下通过对比和实施例进行说明：
对比例一：市售环氧树脂玻璃纤维布层压板，1000mm*1500mm*10mm。
以下实施例皆以环氧体系为主要树脂成分进行对比：
实施例一：高密度预浸料(成分：树脂+纤维)+低密度预浸料(成分：树脂+纤维+空心玻璃微珠)+轻质预浸料，压制后为1000mm*1500mm*10mm复合板材。
实施例二：高密度预浸料(成分：树脂+纤维+空心玻璃微珠)+低密度预浸料(成分：树脂+纤维)+轻质预浸料，压制后为1000mm*1500mm*10mm复合板材。
实施例三：高密度预浸料(成分：树脂+纤维)+低密度预浸料(成分：树脂+纤维)+轻质预浸料，压制后为1000mm*1500mm*10mm复合板材。
Figure BDA0002759175010000041
综上所述，实施例二，产生气孔，局部缺料，弯曲模量下降等现象是由于将空心玻璃微珠加入到高密度预浸料中，由于高密度预浸料相对分子质量大，分子间结合力强，黏度大，导致空心玻璃微珠分散不均匀，局部存在困气现象，同时玻璃微珠作为填料也削弱了表面强度。
上述实施例中，相比对比例一，由于采用了高低密度搭配以及填充空心玻璃微珠，降低了整体重量，优选实施例一的结构，避免了压制过程中困气，保证了外观质量前提下还具有较好的力学性能，同时单位面积重量更轻。
以上对本发明实施例所提供的技术方案进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本发明实施例的原理以及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只适用于帮助理解本发明实施例的原理；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明实施例，在具体实施方式以及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (5)

1.一种大宽幅高表面外观质量的板材结构，包括铺层结构和轻质预浸料，其特征在于：所述铺层结构由表层和中心层组合而成，且铺层结构设置为上下结构，所述表层材质设置为高密度预浸料，所述中心层材质设置为低密度的预浸料，所述铺层结构和轻质预浸料通过热压复合成片板。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种大宽幅高表面外观质量的板材结构，其特征在于：所述高密度预浸料主要成分为树脂和纤维。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种大宽幅高表面外观质量的板材结构，其特征在于：所述低密度的预浸料主要成分为树脂、纤维和空心玻璃微珠。
4.根据权利要求2和3所述的一种大宽幅高表面外观质量的板材结构，其特征在于：所述树脂的成分选取环氧体系、酚醛体系、不饱和聚酯体系中任意一种均可。
5.一种大宽幅高表面外观质量的板材结构的制备方法，其特征在于，操作步骤包括：
(1)材料装备：准备好要使用的模具，并配制树脂胶液；
(2)成型准备：在模具上涂刷含有固化剂的树脂混合物，再在其上铺贴一层按要求剪裁好的纤维织物，用刷子、压辑或刮刀压挤织物，使其均匀浸胶并排除气泡后，再涂刷树脂混合物，铺贴第二层纤维织物和空心玻璃微珠，使其均匀浸胶并排除气泡；
(3)固化：在一定压力作用下，将上述的铺层结构在一定压力及温度下，热压成所需宽幅、厚度的片板，将片板与轻质预浸料进行胶粘复合加热固化成型，即热压成型，再脱模得到复合材料制品。
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