CN112314360A - Method for grafting and breeding Chinese cabbage production seeds by using radish young sprout and Chinese cabbage young sprout - Google Patents
Method for grafting and breeding Chinese cabbage production seeds by using radish young sprout and Chinese cabbage young sprout Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing seeds by grafting and breeding Chinese cabbages by utilizing radish young sprout and Chinese cabbage young sprout, which mainly comprises the steps of selecting a main radish young sprout as a stock, wherein the straight stem of the main young sprout is 0.5-1.0 cm; selecting a main sprout of the Chinese cabbage as a scion, wherein the diameter of the main sprout of the Chinese cabbage is 0.5-1.0 cm; grafting the stock and the scion, and managing according to a conventional grafting cultivation method after grafting; in the last ten days of 4 months, radish-Chinese cabbage parental seedlings are transplanted, and isolation and field fertilizer and water management are performed at the same time. The method improves the yield of Chinese cabbage breeding, and has high grafting survival rate and low death rate in the growth process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for grafting and breeding Chinese cabbage production seeds by using radish young sprout and Chinese cabbage young sprout, belonging to the technical field of plant breeding science.
Background
Chinese cabbage, green vegetable and other Chinese cabbage vegetable are special products in China. China is also one of the origins of radishes (Raphanus sativus L.), and researches find that Huang-Huai plain and Shandong hilly area are the origins of radishes in China. After long-term cultivation and planting of workers, Chinese cabbages and radishes become backbone vegetables in China and east Asia countries, and the abundance of apology directly influences the stability of the market price of the vegetables. Cabbage and radish belong to the same family of cruciferous vegetables and share many similarities. In production, both utilize first filial generation F1And (4) seeds. The breeding of the inbred line is the basis of the heterosis breeding of the Chinese cabbage and the radish. The excellent single Chinese cabbage selected from autumn fields is often used as a mother plant for selfing and breeding in spring of the next year. However, due to various reasons such as plant diseases and insect pests, the selected cabbage stock plant often has dead seedlings, is difficult to continue to grow, and finally cannot obtain mature seeds; even if mature seeds are obtained, the yield is not high. This phenomenon often leaves the cabbage breeders a very good shame. The traditional method for breeding the Chinese cabbage production seed is to carry out parent pure line seedling culture at the end of the last year and transplant in the next trimester. As the pure lines of the parents have weak growth potential, the traditional seed production method has low yield which is generally 75 kg/mu, and the high-yield rate is only 100 kg/mu. The problem that many Chinese cabbage breeding workers and species industry people want to break through is that the seed production yield is improved.
In the prior art, the invention patent CN106804294A (application No. 201611221033.4) and Chinese literature "radish grafted cabbage fast breeding technology" (Zhao Peng, Jia Tao, etc., northern horticulture, 2019 (10): 173 and 175) are reported, and the invention patent also reports the grafting of big white cabbage sprout, and Chinese literature "big white cabbage sprout grafting propagation technology" (Jie Deng, Dun Yonglin, Chinese vegetables, 2004 (5): 28). However, no report has been found on the successful mutual grafting of the radish bolt and the bud.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for producing seeds by grafting and breeding Chinese cabbages by using radish young shoots and Chinese cabbage young shoots.
The radish cabbage sprout grafting breeding method can obviously improve the seed production yield of the Chinese cabbage. The grafting stock radish bolting bud is not from root-expanded radish growing in the traditional autumn, but is formed by directly bolting through low-temperature vernalization after seed germination.
The invention takes the pure line of the Chinese cabbage parent as the scion, and the radish with disease resistance and strong growth vigor as the stock, thereby improving the yield of the Chinese cabbage seed production; in the middle of January, green-cover radish hybrid F1 seeds with high resistance to downy mildew, soft rot, virus diseases and other diseases are raised in cold ridges and transplanted in the middle of March. Therefore, the radish can be vernalized at low temperature smoothly, and then bolting is performed. At the moment, the radish sprout is thick and strong and grows vigorously. The vigorous radish young shoot is taken as a stock, the pure line young shoot of the Chinese cabbage parent to be produced is taken as a scion, grafting is carried out, the scion grows normally, blossoming and fructification are good, and thus the yield of seed production is improved; the radish stock plant planted in autumn is used as the stock, so that the effect is poor, the disease is serious, and the radish is easy to die.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for grafting and breeding Chinese cabbage seeds for production by using a young radish shoot bud and a large white cabbage shoot bud comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a main radish bolt bud as a stock, wherein the straight stem of the main bolt bud is 0.5-1.0cm, and the measurement position is a position which is counted from the bottom of the main bolt bud to be below the first side bud;
(2) selecting a main sprout of the Chinese cabbage as a scion, wherein the diameter of the scion is adapted to the diameter of the stock in the step (1), the diameter of the main sprout of the Chinese cabbage is 0.5-1.0cm, and the measurement position is a position which is counted from the bottom of the main sprout and is below the second lateral sprout;
(3) grafting the stock in the step (1) and the scion in the step (2), and managing according to a conventional grafting cultivation method after grafting; in the last ten days of 4 months, radish-cabbage parental seedlings are transplanted, and isolation (prevention of foreign pollen pollution) and field fertilizer and water management are well performed at the same time.
Preferably, the radish variety in the step (1) is a disease-resistant variety hybrid F1 generation;
further preferably, the radish variety is resistant to downy mildew, soft rot and/or virus diseases.
More preferably, the radish variety is a hybrid F1 of a green-cover radish variety which has high resistance to various diseases such as downy mildew, soft rot and virus diseases and has a growing period of about 70 days;
more preferably, the green-cover radish variety is western-style radish No. 5.
Preferably, according to the invention, in the step (1), bolting the radish is performed with low-temperature vernalization, and in the middle ten days of the month, the seedlings are cultivated in the plug bed in the outdoor cold bed; after two months, the seedlings are successfully vernalized at low temperature, and then bolting is performed; in 3 days of the middle of the month, the radish young shoots are thick and strong in bud and grow vigorously, so that the strong growth of the scions is ensured.
The radish seedling culture is purified at low temperature, so that the defects that the radish cultivated and produced in autumn is used as a mother plant to perform vernalization seed collection, the roots of the radish are enlarged, the roots of the radish are hollow, the disease is serious, and the radish is easy to die.
Preferably, the radish-cabbage parental grafted seedlings are transplanted in the step (3), and the transplanting is carried out according to the ratio of the male parent to the female parent of the Chinese cabbage seed production variety to the male parent of 1: the planting is carried out according to the proportion of 1, and the density is 2000 plants/mu.
Preferably, in the step (3), the rootstock and the scion are treated, in late March, the radish is bolting, the growth of the bolting buds is vigorous, the diameter of the main bolting buds is about 0.5-1.0cm, and the height is about 5 cm; at the moment, the Chinese cabbage in the seedbed is also bolting, and the diameter of the main bolt bud of the Chinese cabbage is slightly smaller than that of the radish; transferring the radish to a greenhouse at about 20 ℃, and grafting by taking Chinese cabbage sprout as scion and radish sprout as stock; before grafting, the grafting knife is wiped by clear water or 75% alcohol, and the scion and the stock are kept clean.
According to the invention, the grafting method in the step (3) adopts a cleft grafting method or a grafting method.
Further preferably, the cleft grafting method is: cutting the stock into a V-shaped notch, wherein the short side of the notch is 0.5-1.0cm long, and the long side of the notch is 1.5cm long; and (3) reserving two lateral buds of the scion from the top bud, removing the unfolded leaves, reserving 0.5-1cm below the lateral buds, cutting the scion into an inverted V shape according to the cut of the stock, and grafting and fixing.
Further preferably, the adhering method is as follows: the rootstock is cut into a plane incision with the short face length of 0.5-1.0cm and the long face length of about 1.5cm from top to bottom, the scion is obliquely cut into a port with the size corresponding to the rootstock from top to bottom on one side, and then the grafting is fixed.
The technical scheme of the invention has the beneficial effects
1. The radish cabbage sprout grafting seed preparation method disclosed by the invention can supply the stems, branches and leaves of the upper cabbage with the stem radish which has developed roots, strong growth and disease resistance, so that the seed yield is improved; the seed yield is improved by more than 30 percent compared with the traditional method; the invention opens up a new effective way for the parent propagation and the first generation hybrid seed production yield improvement.
2. The radish cabbage sprout grafting technology disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high grafting success rate (more than 95%), obvious effect, suitability for seed production practice of non-heading Chinese cabbages such as Chinese cabbages, green cabbages and the like, and wide application value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a photograph of a culture in example 1;
FIG. 2 is a photograph showing the cultivation and breeding of comparative example 1;
FIG. 3 is a photograph of the cultivation and propagation in example 2;
FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the cultivation and propagation of comparative example 4;
FIG. 5 is a photograph of the cultivation and propagation in example 3;
FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the cultivation and propagation of comparative example 5.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, without limiting the scope of protection.
Sources of materials
The cabbage variety "Gaochun Huang No. 1" can be purchased from Shandong deep-cut agriculture science and technology Limited, and other varieties are all common commercial products.
The planting place for breeding Chinese cabbage in the following examples is Zibo city in Shandong province.
Example 1
A method for breeding Chinese cabbage by grafting a young radish shoot bud and a young Chinese cabbage shoot bud comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting a main radish bolt bud as a stock, wherein the straight stem of the main bolt bud is 0.5-1.0cm, and the measurement position is a position which is counted from the bottom of the main bolt bud to be below the first side bud;
in the step (1), bolting radish seeds at low temperature for vernalization, namely performing vernalization at low temperature in middle ten days of the month by covering plastic films on the cold ridges and performing vernalization at low temperature in winter, namely performing plug seedling in the cold ridges outdoors; after two months, the seedlings are successfully vernalized at low temperature, and then bolting is performed; in 3 days of the middle of the month, the radish young shoots are thick and strong in bud and grow vigorously, so that the strong growth of the scions is ensured.
(2) Selecting a main sprout of the Chinese cabbage as a scion, wherein the diameter of the scion is adapted to the diameter of the stock in the step (1), the diameter of the main sprout of the Chinese cabbage is 0.5-1.0cm, and the measuring position is counted from the bottom of the main sprout to a position below the second lateral sprout;
(3) grafting the stock in the step (1) and the scion in the step (2), and managing according to a conventional grafting cultivation method after grafting; in last ten days of 4 months, transplanting radish-Chinese cabbage parental seedlings according to the ratio of a Chinese cabbage seed production variety female parent to a male parent of 1: 1, planting at a density of 2000 plants/mu; meanwhile, isolation and field fertilizer and water management are well performed.
In the step (3), the rootstock and the scion are treated, in late March, radish bolting is performed, the growth of the shoot buds is vigorous, the diameter of the main shoot bud is about 0.5-1.0cm, and the height is about 5 cm; at the moment, the Chinese cabbage in the seedbed is also bolting, and the diameter of the main bolt bud of the Chinese cabbage is slightly smaller than that of the radish; transferring the radish to a greenhouse at about 20 ℃, and grafting by taking Chinese cabbage sprout as scion and radish sprout as stock; before grafting, the grafting knife is wiped by clear water or 75% alcohol, and the scion and the stock are kept clean.
The grafting mode in the step (3) adopts a cleft grafting method, and the cleft grafting method comprises the following steps: cutting the stock into a V-shaped notch, wherein the short side of the notch is 0.5-1.0cm long, and the long side of the notch is 1.5cm long; and (3) reserving 2 lateral buds of the scion, removing unfolded leaves, reserving 0.5-1cm below the lateral buds, cutting the scion into an inverted V shape according to the cut of the stock, and grafting and fixing.
In this example 1, a variety related to radish-cabbage bolting and bud grafting is used:
the Chinese cabbage as the scion is respectively the female parent 'beimini 1' and the male parent 'baby short 1' of 'Gaochun Huang No. 1'; the radish variety used as the stock was West Star radish No. 5 (seed division, available from Shandong Shanghai breed stocks Co., Ltd., West institute of Laizhou, Shandong province, 261418);
example 2
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the Chinese cabbage variety as the scion is the parent 'Waqian 1' of 'Gaochun Huang No. 1', and the grafting mode in the step (3) adopts a grafting method: the rootstock is cut into a plane incision with the short face length of 0.5-1.0cm and the long face length of about 1.5cm from top to bottom, the scion is obliquely cut into a port with the size corresponding to the rootstock from top to bottom on one side, and then the grafting is fixed.
Example 3
The difference from the example 1 is that the Chinese cabbage as the scion is a local variety 'chengyangqing' (available from Qingdao and Fengchong industries, Ltd.), and the grafting mode in the step (3) adopts a grafting method: the rootstock is cut into a plane incision with the short face length of 0.5-1.0cm and the long face length of about 1.5cm from top to bottom, the scion is obliquely cut into a port with the size corresponding to the rootstock from top to bottom on one side, and then the grafting is fixed.
Comparative example 1
The difference from the embodiment 1 is that the seedling production of the Chinese cabbage variety 'Gao Chun Huang No. 1' is carried out by adopting the traditional cultivation and seed propagation method instead of the grafting of the radish and cabbage sprout.
Comparative example 2
The difference from the example 1 is that the rootstock in the step (1) is replaced by the rootstock of the radish stock planted and produced in autumn, which is the rootstock of the bolting bud produced by the conventional low-temperature vernalization.
Comparative example 3
The difference from example 1 is that the rootstock in step (1) was replaced with the hybrid F1 of Korean variety Baiyu.
Comparative example 4
The difference from the embodiment 2 is that the parent 'Waqian 1' of the Chinese cabbage variety 'Gaochun yellow No. 1' is used for seed production by adopting the traditional cultivation and seed propagation method instead of grafting the radish cabbage sprout.
Comparative example 5
The difference from the embodiment 3 is that the seed production of the local Chinese cabbage of the city yang green is carried out by adopting the traditional cultivation and seed propagation method instead of the grafting of the radish cabbage sprout.
Effect example 1
The seed reproduction results of the example 1 and the comparative example 1 (the number of dead plants is not counted in the base number of the statistical seed knots) are shown in the table 1;
the seed reproduction results (the number of dead plants is not counted into the base number of the statistical seeds) of the example 1 and the comparative examples 2-3 are shown in the table 2;
the seed reproduction results of the example 2 and the comparative example 4 (the number of dead plants is not counted in the base number of the statistical seed knots) are shown in the table 3;
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the data results in table 1 and fig. 1 and 2, fig. 1 shows that the seed of example 1 has more pod bearing, more fruit and plump and more seeds; FIG. 2 shows that the seeds cultured in comparative example 1 have less pod bearing and less seeds. The radish-Chinese cabbage sprout grafting method is used for breeding the first filial generation seeds of 'Gaochuang No. 1', the yield per mu is increased by 33.88 percent compared with the traditional cultivation seed breeding method, and the grafting survival rate is high.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from the data results in table 2, the Chinese cabbage breeding is carried out by using the radish young sprout vernalized at low temperature in cold-ridge seedling raising as the rootstock, compared with the Chinese cabbage breeding carried out by using the young sprout generated by conventional low-temperature vernalization of a radish stock plant planted and produced in autumn as the rootstock, the yield of Chinese cabbage seeds per mu is increased by 195.6%, the grafting survival rate is high, and the death rate in the growth process is low; the latter has hollow expanded roots, serious diseases and easy death; the Chinese cabbage breeding is carried out by adopting the young radish sprout which is obtained by cold vernalization of the cold-ridge seedling as the stock, compared with the Chinese cabbage breeding which is carried out by adopting the Korean variety white jade (hybrid F1), the yield of the Chinese cabbage seed per mu is increased by 15.5%, the grafting survival rate is high, and the death rate in the growth process is low.
TABLE 3
As can be seen from the data results in table 3 and fig. 3 and 4, fig. 3 shows that the seed in example 2 has more pod bearing and more seeds; FIG. 4 shows that the seeds of comparative example 4 have less pod bearing and less kernel. The parent bred by the radish-cabbage young sprout grafting method is 1 child short, the yield per mu is increased by 35.42 percent compared with the traditional cultivation breeding method, and the grafting survival rate is high. As can be seen from FIGS. 5 and 6, FIG. 5 shows that the seeds cultured in example 3 have more pod bearing and more seeds; FIG. 6 shows that in comparative example 5, the cultivated seed has less pod bearing and less seeds, and the local variety of the green-sun-green is bred by using the radish-cabbage sprout grafting method, so that the yield per mu is increased by 33.68 percent compared with the traditional cultivated seed breeding method, and the grafting survival rate is high.
In conclusion, the radish cabbage sprout grafting seed preparation method disclosed by the invention can utilize the stem radish with developed roots, strong growth and disease resistance to supply the growth of stems, branches and leaves of the upper cabbage, thereby improving the seed yield; the seed yield is improved by more than 30 percent compared with the traditional method; the grafting success rate is high and reaches more than 95 percent, the radish young sprout vernalized at low temperature in cold-ridge seedling raising is adopted as the stock to breed the Chinese cabbage, compared with the young sprout produced by conventional low-temperature vernalization of a radish stock plant planted and produced in autumn, the young sprout is adopted as the stock to breed the Chinese cabbage, the yield of the Chinese cabbage seed per mu is increased by 33 to 35 percent, the grafting survival rate is high, and the death rate in the growth process is low; the key points of the technical scheme of the invention lie in the selection of the stock and the cultivation of the stock, and the application of the Chinese cabbage variety is wide; the invention opens up a new effective way for the parent propagation and the first generation hybrid seed production yield improvement; the method has obvious effect, is suitable for seed production practice of the non-heading Chinese cabbages such as Chinese cabbages, green cabbages and the like, and has wide application value.
Claims (10)
1. A method for grafting and breeding Chinese cabbage production seeds by using a young radish shoot bud and a large white cabbage shoot bud is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a main radish bolt bud as a stock, wherein the straight stem of the main bolt bud is 0.5-1.0cm, and the number of measurement positions from the bottom of the main bolt bud is the position below the first side bud;
(2) selecting a main sprout of the Chinese cabbage as a scion, wherein the diameter of the scion is adapted to the diameter of the stock in the step (1), the diameter of the main sprout of the Chinese cabbage is 0.5-1.0cm, and the number of measurement positions from the bottom of the main sprout is the number of measurement positions below a second lateral sprout;
(3) grafting the stock in the step (1) and the scion in the step (2), and managing according to a conventional grafting cultivation method after grafting; in the last ten days of 4 months, radish-Chinese cabbage parental seedlings are transplanted, and isolation and field fertilizer and water management are performed at the same time.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the radish variety in step (1) is resistant variety hybrid F1.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the radish cultivar is resistant to downy mildew, soft rot and/or viral disease.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the radish variety is hybrid F1 of green-cover radish variety with high resistance to various diseases such as downy mildew, soft rot and virus diseases and growing period of about 70 days;
preferably, the green-cover radish variety is West star radish No. 5.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the radish bolting is performed by low-temperature vernalization, in mid-month, plug seedling in outdoor positive plots; after two months, the seedlings are successfully vernalized at low temperature, and then bolting is performed; in 3 days of the middle of the month, the radish young shoots are thick and strong in bud and grow vigorously, so that the strong growth of the scions is ensured.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the radish-cabbage parental grafted seedlings are transplanted in the step (3) according to the ratio of the female parent to the male parent of the Chinese cabbage seed production variety 1: the planting is carried out according to the proportion of 1, and the density is 2000 plants/mu.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein in step (3), the rootstock and the scion are treated, in late March, radish shoots are obtained, the shoot buds grow vigorously, the diameter of the main shoot buds is about 0.5-1.0cm, and the height is about 5 cm; at the moment, the Chinese cabbage in the seedbed is also bolting, and the diameter of the main bolt bud of the Chinese cabbage is slightly smaller than that of the radish; transferring the radish to a greenhouse at about 20 ℃, and grafting by taking Chinese cabbage sprout as scion and radish sprout as stock; before grafting, the grafting knife is wiped by clear water or 75% alcohol, and the scion and the stock are kept clean.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the grafting in step (3) is performed by cleft grafting or patch grafting.
9. The method of claim 7, wherein the cleaving is: cutting the stock into a V-shaped notch, wherein the short side of the notch is 0.5-1.0cm long, and the long side of the notch is 1.5cm long; and (3) reserving two lateral buds of the scion from the top bud, removing unfolded leaves, reserving 0.5-1cm below the lateral buds, cutting the scion into an inverted V shape according to the cut of the stock, and grafting and fixing.
10. The method of claim 7, wherein the attaching is: the rootstock is cut into a plane incision with the short face length of 0.5-1.0cm and the long face length of about 1.5cm from top to bottom, the scion is obliquely cut into a port with the size corresponding to the rootstock from top to bottom on one side, and then the grafting is fixed.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113950977A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-01-21 | 潍坊市农业科学院(山东省农业科学院潍坊市分院) | Method for improving Chinese cabbage germplasm creation efficiency |
| CN113950978A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-01-21 | 潍坊市农业科学院(山东省农业科学院潍坊市分院) | Method for improving radish germplasm creation efficiency |
| CN113973602A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-01-28 | 潍坊市农业科学院(山东省农业科学院潍坊市分院) | Method for grafting and preserving materials by radishes |
| CN114847018A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-05 | 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所 | Breeding method for promoting bolting and flowering by grafting bolting-resistant Chinese cabbage and flowering cabbage |
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| CN113973602A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-01-28 | 潍坊市农业科学院(山东省农业科学院潍坊市分院) | Method for grafting and preserving materials by radishes |
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| CN114847018A (en) * | 2022-06-21 | 2022-08-05 | 河北省农林科学院经济作物研究所 | Breeding method for promoting bolting and flowering by grafting bolting-resistant Chinese cabbage and flowering cabbage |
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