CN112293493B - 一种钙强化酸奶的原料组合物、钙强化酸奶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种钙强化酸奶的原料组合物、钙强化酸奶及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种钙强化酸奶的原料组合物,所述原料组合物包括:原料乳90%,甜味剂6.5‑8.5%,乳矿物盐0.09‑0.32%,乳酸钙0.1‑0.3%,柠檬酸钠0.05‑0.1%,卡拉胶0.02‑0.05%,微晶纤维素0.05‑0.12%,乳化剂0.05‑0.1%,发酵剂0.002‑0.01%,余量为水,所述百分比为各原料质量占原料总质量的百分比。本发明还公开了一种采用上述原料组合物制备钙强化酸奶的方法以及制备出的钙强化酸奶。本发明提供的钙强化酸奶结合了两种易于人体吸收的钙源,使酸奶口感风味良好的同时,钙含量达到了150mg/100g以上。可以成为消费者的日常补钙佳品,填补了功能酸奶的市场空白。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于发酵乳技术领域,具体为一种钙强化酸奶的原料组合物、钙强化酸奶及其制备方法。
背景技术
牛奶是人体补钙的佳品,通常,牛奶中钙的含量大约为100mg/100mL。中国居民膳食指南中关于每人每天钙的摄入量建议为300g,可见,每天通过食用牛奶和其他乳制品及高钙的食品,才有可能实现人体的需求。然而,由于我国居民的饮食习惯和口味嗜好,很多人无法接受牛奶的风味或有乳糖不耐症不能食用牛奶,只能转而选择了酸奶。酸奶是以牛奶为主料经发酵而制成的,由于糖、发酵剂等其他配料的引入,使得酸奶中的牛奶成分降低为≥80%,可见,钙的含量并非同牛奶中的一样多。如果想成为更加理想的钙源食品,需要额外补充钙含量。
补钙最重要的是吸收。目前,营养科学届公认的易于人体吸收的钙源为,天然牛奶来源的乳钙和离子型的乳酸钙。但是,如果通过单独一种钙源直接补充至理想钙含量,则会引起牛奶体系的不稳定、口感风味变差等不可接受的问题。
因鉴于此,特提出此发明。
发明内容
为解决现有酸奶钙含量较低的问题,本发明提供了一种易于满足人体补钙需求的钙强化酸奶及其制备方法,该钙强化酸奶钙含量较高,同时状态稳定,口感风味佳。
本发明提供了一种钙强化酸奶的原料组合物,所述原料组合物包括:原料乳90%,甜味剂6.5-8.5%,乳矿物盐0.09-0.32%,乳酸钙0.1-0.3%,柠檬酸钠0.05-0.1%,卡拉胶0.02-0.05%,微晶纤维素0.05-0.12%,乳化剂0.05-0.1%,发酵剂0.002-0.01%,余量为水,所述百分比为各原料质量占原料总质量的百分比。
本申请中使用的原料乳为本领域常规使用的原料乳。
所述甜味剂为本领域常规使用的甜味剂,包括但不限于白砂糖、蔗糖、果糖、果葡糖浆。
所述的乳矿物盐为从牛奶中提取的天然来源的且富含钙的牛奶矿物质,这种天然成分的优势在于不仅提供平衡的营养组成,如钙、磷、镁、乳糖和蛋白质等,还能促进钙的吸收利用。
所述的乳酸钙是指GB 14880《食品营养强化剂使用标准》中规定允许用于调制乳的乳酸钙、L-乳酸钙。
优选的,所述乳化剂为单,双硬脂酸甘油酯及其衍生物、磷脂及其衍生物、蔗糖脂肪酸酯中的一种或多种的组合。更优选的为单,双硬脂酸甘油酯和蔗糖脂肪酸酯的复配乳化剂。最优选的为单,双硬脂酸甘油酯和蔗糖脂肪酸酯以4:3的质量比复配而成的乳化剂。
优选的,所述发酵剂为本领域常规使用的嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、乳链球菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种、乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种、乳酸乳球菌、双歧杆菌和肠膜明串珠菌中的一种或多种的组合。更佳的为嗜热链球菌与保加利亚乳杆菌组成的复配菌种。
另一方面,本发明提供了一种钙强化酸奶的制备方法,以上述的原料组合物为原料,并按以下步骤依次进行:
(1)将水预热,投入乳酸钙和柠檬酸钠,搅拌均匀;
(2)将原料乳预热,投入蔗糖、乳矿物盐、卡拉胶、微晶纤维素、乳化剂和步骤(1)获得的料液,保温搅拌均匀;
(3)将步骤(2)获得的物料均质、杀菌、冷却;
(4)将步骤(3)中获得的物料接入发酵剂,发酵至发酵终点;
(5)将步骤(4)获得的物料翻缸冷却,搅拌灌装得到最终产品。
采用分步式添加钙原料以及将乳酸钙与柠檬酸钠先溶于水的方式可以有效的解决过高的离子溶度造成蛋白质结块以影响最终产品品质的问题。
优选的,步骤(1)中水的预热温度为50-60℃,搅拌时间为10-15min。
优选的,步骤(2)中原料乳的预热温度为45-55℃,保温搅拌时间为15-30min。
优选的,步骤(3)中均质的压力为18-25MPa,冷却温度为38-42℃。
本发明中的杀菌工艺为本领域常规使用的杀菌工艺,优选采用巴氏杀菌处理。
优选的,步骤(4)中发酵的温度为35-42℃,发酵终点的滴定酸度为70-75°T。
优选的,步骤(5)中翻缸冷却的温度为16-22℃。翻缸冷却可以快速的中断发酵。
在其他方面,本发明还提供了一种钙强化酸奶,采用上述的制备方法制备而成。
本发明的积极进步效果在于:
与现有技术相比,本发明提供一种钙强化酸奶的组合物方案以及工艺,该钙强化酸奶结合了两种易于人体吸收的钙源,使酸奶口感风味良好的同时,钙含量达到了150mg/100g以上。可以成为消费者的日常补钙佳品,填补了功能酸奶的市场空白。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例对本发明做进一步的详细描述。
本发明各实施例中所用原料:
原料乳:牛奶,光明乳业股份有限公司;
乳矿物盐:戴维林国际贸易有限公司;
乳酸钙、柠檬酸钠:励成营养产品科技股份有限公司;
卡拉胶、微晶纤维素、乳化剂、发酵剂:丹尼斯克(中国)投资有限公司。
其余各原料均可以通过商业途径直接购得。
实施例一
本发明实施例提供了一种钙强化酸奶。
该钙强化酸奶的原料如下表所示:
制备方法按以下步骤进行:
(1)将水加热至50℃,加入乳酸钙和柠檬酸钠,搅拌10min;
(2)将牛奶加热至45℃,加入蔗糖、乳矿物盐、卡拉胶、微晶纤维素、乳化剂以及步骤(1)中获得的料液,保温搅拌15min;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的物料升温至60℃,在25MPa下均质,在95℃下杀菌15s,冷却至38℃;
(4)将发酵剂接种于步骤(3)得到的物料中,在38℃下保温发酵至发酵终点,发酵终点的滴定酸度为75°T;
(5)将步骤(4)中得到的物料翻缸冷却至16℃以中断发酵,搅拌灌装得到最终产品。
本实施例产品中的钙含量为180mg/100g。
实施例二
本发明实施例提供了一种钙强化酸奶。
该钙强化酸奶的原料如下表所示:
制备方法按以下步骤进行:
(1)将水加热至60℃,加入乳酸钙和柠檬酸钠,搅拌15min;
(2)将牛奶加热至55℃,加入蔗糖、乳矿物盐、卡拉胶、微晶纤维素、乳化剂以及步骤(1)中获得的料液,保温搅拌30min;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的物料升温至65℃,在18MPa下均质,在95℃下杀菌15s,冷却至42℃;
(4)将发酵剂接种于步骤(3)得到的物料中,在42℃下保温发酵至发酵终点,发酵终点的滴定酸度为70°T;
(5)将步骤(4)中得到的物料翻缸冷却至22℃以中断发酵,搅拌灌装得到最终产品。
本实施例产品中的钙含量为150mg/100g。
实施例三
本发明实施例提供了一种钙强化酸奶。
该钙强化酸奶的原料如下表所示:
制备方法按以下步骤进行:
(1)将水加热至55℃,加入乳酸钙和柠檬酸钠,搅拌10min;
(2)将牛奶加热至50℃,加入蔗糖、乳矿物盐、卡拉胶、微晶纤维素、乳化剂以及步骤(1)中获得的料液,保温搅拌20min;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的物料升温至60℃,在20MPa下均质,在95℃下杀菌15s,冷却至35℃;
(4)将发酵剂接种于步骤(3)得到的物料中,在35℃下保温发酵至发酵终点,发酵终点的滴定酸度为75°T;
(5)将步骤(4)中得到的物料翻缸冷却至16℃以中断发酵,搅拌灌装得到最终产品。
本实施例产品中的钙含量为174mg/100g。
对比例
本发明对比例提供了一种钙强化酸奶。
该钙强化酸奶的原料如下表所示:
制备方法预定按以下步骤进行:
(1)将牛奶加热至50℃,加入乳酸钙、柠檬酸钠、蔗糖、乳矿物盐、卡拉胶、微晶纤维素、乳化剂和水,保温搅拌20min;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的物料升温至60℃,在20MPa下均质,在95℃下杀菌15s,冷却至35℃;
(3)将发酵剂接种于步骤(2)得到的物料中,在35℃下保温发酵至发酵终点,发酵终点的滴定酸度为75°T;
(4)将步骤(3)中得到的物料翻缸冷却至16℃以中断发酵,搅拌灌装得到最终产品。
发明人在步骤(1)实施后发现物料中有明显结块现象,试验终止。
效果实施例
目前市售产品的钙含量均低于130mg/100mL,而本申请的各实施例的钙含量均在150mg/100mL以上,远高于现有的市售产品。
对本申请各实施例制得的产品进行感官评价,评价结果如下表所示。
从感官评价结果可以看出,本申请实施例的产品在风味上受到消费者的普遍欢迎。
本申请采用两种组合使用的钙原料,有效提高了产品中的钙含量,解决了现有产品中钙含量无法超过130mg/mL的问题,同时使产品中的钙更利于人体吸收。且制得的产品状态稳定,风味良好,更易于被消费者所接受。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,本发明可以有各种更改和变化。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种钙强化酸奶的原料组合物,其特征在于,所述原料组合物包括:原料乳90%,甜味剂6.5-8.5%,乳矿物盐0.09-0.32%,乳酸钙0.1-0.3%,柠檬酸钠0.05-0.1%,卡拉胶0.02-0.05%,微晶纤维素0.05-0.12%,乳化剂0.05-0.1%,发酵剂0.002-0.01%,余量为水,所述百分比为各原料质量占原料总质量的百分比;
乳化剂为单,双硬脂酸甘油酯及其衍生物、磷脂及其衍生物、蔗糖脂肪酸酯中的一种或多种的组合;
所述钙强化酸奶的制备方法按以下步骤依次进行:
(1)将水预热,投入乳酸钙和柠檬酸钠,搅拌均匀;
(2)将原料乳预热,投入蔗糖、乳矿物盐、卡拉胶、微晶纤维素、乳化剂和步骤(1)获得的料液,保温搅拌均匀;
(3)将步骤(2)获得的物料均质、杀菌、冷却;
(4)将步骤(3)中获得的物料接入发酵剂,发酵至发酵终点;
(5)将步骤(4)获得的物料翻缸冷却,搅拌灌装得到最终产品;
步骤(1)中水的预热温度为50-60℃,搅拌时间为10-15min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的钙强化酸奶的原料组合物,其特征在于,所述发酵剂为嗜热链球菌、嗜酸乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、植物乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、唾液乳杆菌、乳链球菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种、乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种、乳酸乳球菌、双歧杆菌和肠膜明串珠菌中的一种或多种的组合。
3.一种钙强化酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于,以权利要求1-2中任一所述的原料组合物为原料,并按以下步骤依次进行:
(1)将水预热,投入乳酸钙和柠檬酸钠,搅拌均匀;
(2)将原料乳预热,投入蔗糖、乳矿物盐、卡拉胶、微晶纤维素、乳化剂和步骤(1)获得的料液,保温搅拌均匀;
(3)将步骤(2)获得的物料均质、杀菌、冷却;
(4)将步骤(3)中获得的物料接入发酵剂,发酵至发酵终点;
(5)将步骤(4)获得的物料翻缸冷却,搅拌灌装得到最终产品。
4.根据权利要求3所述的钙强化酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中水的预热温度为50-60℃,搅拌时间为10-15min。
5.根据权利要求3所述的钙强化酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中原料乳的预热温度为45-55℃,保温搅拌时间为15-30min。
6.根据权利要求3所述的钙强化酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中均质的压力为18-25MPa,冷却温度为38-42℃。
7.根据权利要求3所述的钙强化酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中发酵的温度为35-42℃,发酵终点的滴定酸度为70-75°T。
8.根据权利要求3所述的钙强化酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中翻缸冷却的温度为16-22℃。
9.一种钙强化酸奶,其特征在于,采用权利要求3-8中任一所述的制备方法制备而成。
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