CN112293302A - Sebastes bastes fish maintenance method based on Sargassum horneri cultivation - Google Patents
Sebastes bastes fish maintenance method based on Sargassum horneri cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- CN112293302A CN112293302A CN201910710482.2A CN201910710482A CN112293302A CN 112293302 A CN112293302 A CN 112293302A CN 201910710482 A CN201910710482 A CN 201910710482A CN 112293302 A CN112293302 A CN 112293302A
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- bastes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of bastes fishery maintenance, and particularly relates to a bastes fishery maintenance method based on copper alga cultivation. The method comprises the following steps: 1) determining maintenance time and selecting a target sea area; 2) determining the target alga: the target seaweed is Sargassum horneri; 3) constructing an algal reef unit or a culture raft frame, and clamping seedlings; 4) laying algal reef units or culture raft frames; 5) evaluating the maintenance effect of the sea area; 6) and performing corresponding later-period management according to the maintenance effect evaluation. The invention selects proper target seaweed to perform maintenance on bastes Sebastes fishery resources, particularly in the larval stage, and obtains good effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bastes fishery maintenance, and particularly relates to a bastes fishery maintenance method based on copper alga cultivation.
Background
In the open sea area, because the open sea area has no natural attaching base, the water depth is deep (15-16 m), and the open sea area can not be maintained by adopting a bottom sowing type algae-planting method. In the high-temperature season (august), most seaweed almost disappears, so that the resources are in short supply, and great troubles are brought to the maintenance of Sebastes fishery. The Sargassum horneri can grow healthily at this time, so that a method for fishery resource conservation based on seaweed cultivation is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a bastes species fish curing method based on Sargassum horneri cultivation, so as to solve the problems of resource shortage and trouble in local fishery resource curing in a large algae death season.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a bastes species fish maintenance method based on copper algae cultivation comprises the following steps:
1) determining maintenance time and selecting a target sea area;
2) determining the target alga: the target seaweed is Sargassum horneri;
3) constructing an algal reef unit or a culture raft frame, and clamping seedlings;
4) laying algal reef units or culture raft frames;
5) evaluating the maintenance effect of the sea area;
6) and performing corresponding later-period management according to the maintenance effect evaluation.
In the step 1), the curing time is a high-temperature season, and the juvenile bastes fishes are in a period of three and four months old.
In step 1), the selection of the target sea area meets the following conditions:
firstly, a bait-line field for fish larvae is provided;
the depth of the seawater is within 15-16m, and the transparency is 1-2 m;
thirdly, the bottom material of the target sea area is mainly gravel and silt;
and the offshore distance of the target sea area is within 1000 m.
In step 2), obtaining the target seaweed: healthy floating Sargassum horneri is selected as the seed algae, the length of the seed algae is 0.8-1m, and the weight of the seed algae is 0.25 kg.
The algal reef unit includes end weight, main push-towing rope, seedling rope and cursory, and wherein the one end and the end of main push-towing rope are connected, and the other end is connected with cursory, and the one end that is close to cursory is connected with a plurality of seedling ropes along length direction interval, the seedling rope is used for fixed kind of algae.
The culture raft comprises a seedling rope, floats, a boom rope and two fixed piles, wherein the two ends of the boom rope are respectively connected with the two fixed piles, the plurality of floats are arranged at intervals in the middle of the boom rope, the seedling rope is fixed on the boom rope close to the two sides of the plurality of floats, and the seedling rope is used for fixing algae.
The seedling ropes are made of polyethylene, the diameter of the seedling ropes is 14mm, the length of the seedling ropes is 5-6m, and the distance between the seedling ropes is 2 m.
The middle part of the seed algae passes through the seedling rope and is fixed by a binding buckle, and a bunch of seedlings are clamped every 10-15 cm.
In the step 4), putting a plurality of groups of algal reef units or a plurality of groups of culture raft frames at intervals in the target sea area, wherein the intervals between the algal reef units or the culture raft frames are 50 m.
In the step 5), according to the determined evaluation system, the growth, development, propagation, distribution and population density indexes of the larvae are evaluated.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that: the invention aims to solve the technical problem that fishery resources with economic value need to be maintained in high-temperature seasons, and at the moment, due to high temperature, most of large-scale seaweeds are in a declining or fading state, and proper large-scale seaweeds need to be selected as tool species for maintaining the fishery resources. The invention selects proper target seaweed to perform maintenance on bastes Sebastes fishery resources, particularly in the larval stage, and obtains good effect.
The invention determines the types of target seaweed and economic fish according to the characteristics of sea areas and fishery resources, uniformly distributes the target seaweed serving as seedlings in the target sea areas according to certain seedling clamping density and distribution mode in high-temperature seasons, and finally achieves the maintenance of the fishery resources through effect evaluation and later management.
The method can be used for performing large-scale maintenance on Sebastes bastes fishes by taking the sargassum horneri as a tool species, is low in cost and simple to operate, and can be performed on a large scale.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an algal reef unit according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a culture raft according to the invention.
In the figure: 1 is a bottom drop, 2 is a main cable, 3 is a sargassum horneri seedling, 4 is a seedling rope, 5 is a float, 6 is a boom rope, and 7 is a fixed stake.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
A bastes species fish maintenance method based on copper algae cultivation comprises the following steps:
1) determining maintenance time and selecting a target sea area;
the maintenance time is a high-temperature season, other large-scale seaweeds are in a decline period, and the target seaweed grows in a large scale; sebastes bastes fish larvae are distributed before reaching a cable bait area in the three and four month old period.
The selection of the target sea area meets the following conditions:
firstly, a bait-line field for fish larvae is provided;
the depth of the seawater is within 15-16m, and the transparency is 1-2 m;
thirdly, the bottom material of the target sea area is mainly gravel and silt;
and the offshore distance of the target sea area is within 1000 m.
2) Determining the target alga: the target seaweed is Sargassum horneri;
obtaining target seaweed: selecting healthy floating Sargassum horneri as seed algae, wherein the color of the algae is golden yellow, and the algae has luster and high elasticity; the length of the seed algae is 0.8-1m, the weight is about 0.25kg, and a large number of lateral branches (growing points) are arranged at the top end.
3) Constructing an algal reef unit or a culture raft frame, and clamping seedlings;
4) laying algal reef units or culturing raft frames: and throwing a plurality of groups of algal reef units or a plurality of groups of culture raft frames at intervals in the target sea area.
5) Evaluating the maintenance effect of the sea area;
firstly, according to a determined evaluation system, the indexes of growth, development, reproduction, distribution, population density and the like of the fish larvae are evaluated.
Secondly, according to the result of fishery resource investigation, the growth performance of the larvae has significant change before and after the sargassum horneri is laid compared with the sargassum horneri area which is not laid, and the effect of sargassum horneri for maintaining fishery resources is obvious.
6) And performing corresponding later-period management according to the maintenance effect evaluation.
In the step 3), the seedling rope is fixed in two modes, namely the seedling rope is fixed in the form of an algal reef unit, and the seedling rope is fixed by utilizing a culture raft frame (scallop, oyster and the like).
As shown in fig. 1, the algal reef unit comprises a bottom weight 1, a main cable 2, seedling ropes 4 and a buoy 5, wherein one end of the main cable 2 is connected with the bottom weight 1, the other end of the main cable is connected with the buoy 5, one end close to the buoy 5 is connected with a plurality of seedling ropes 4 at intervals along the length direction, and the seedling ropes 4 are used for fixing the seed algae.
In the embodiment of the invention, the buoy 5 is made of spherical hollow plastic and has the diameter of 30 cm; the main cable 2 is made of flax, the diameter is 14mm, and the length is 15-16 m; the bottom drop 1 is made of cement concrete and has the specification of 50cm multiplied by 20cm, and a metal hook made of stainless steel is fixed in the center and used for being connected with the main cable 2. The total weight of the algal reef unit is about 125 kg.
Fixing the algal reef unit: the length of the main cable 2 is based on the sea area condition, so that the buoy can be ensured to be exposed out of the water surface. The top end of each main cable 2 is suspended with a buoy 5, so that the seedling rope 4 is suspended in a proper water depth of 0-2m, and the length of the seedling rope 4 is 5-6 m; a seedling rope 4 is fixed close to the buoy 5, the middle part of the seedling rope is fixed on the main mooring rope and is fixed by a binding buckle; fixing a seedling rope 4 at the position of 2m away and fixing by a binding button; the spacing between the algal reef units is about 50 m.
As shown in fig. 2, the culture raft comprises a seedling rope 4, floats 5, a boom rope 6 and two fixed piles 7, wherein both ends of the boom rope 6 are respectively connected with the two fixed piles 7, the plurality of floats 5 are arranged at intervals at the middle position of the boom rope 6, the seedling rope 4 is fixed on the boom rope 6 close to both sides of the plurality of floats 5, and the seedling rope 4 is used for fixing the seed algae.
Arranging a cultivation raft: fixing the seedling ropes at two ends of the culture raft frame, wherein the distance from the fixed part to the floating surface is about 0.5m, the length of the seedling ropes is 5-6m, and the middle parts of the seedling ropes are fixed on the culture raft frame and fixed by a binding buckle; the arrangement positions are about 50m apart.
The seedling ropes 4 are made of polyethylene, the diameter is 14mm, the length is 5-6m, and the distance between the seedling ropes 4 is 2 m. The middle part of the seed algae seedling passes through the seedling rope 4 and is fixed by a binding buckle, and a bunch of seedlings are clamped at intervals of 10-15 cm. The length of the seedling is 0.8-1m, and each cluster is about 0.25 kg.
Selection of target fish
The fish bait-making behavior of the larvae is seasonal;
secondly, the swimming and defense abilities of the larval and juvenile fishes are weak;
thirdly, the target fishes are local economic support species;
fourthly, the number of target larvae is large;
fifthly, the activity area of the larval fish is 0-3m in the surface area of the seawater.
Transporting and temporarily culturing the target seaweed:
firstly, when the algae collection place is close to a sea maintenance area, the algae collection place is directly transported back to an operation area, the temperature is maintained at about 20 ℃, and if the algae collection place is sunny, the algae can be covered by a shading net; when the collection place of the algae is far away from the sea area, the algae needs to be transported by a refrigerator car, and the temperature is controlled to be 13-20 ℃.
And secondly, timely clamping and arranging the returned seed algae. If the seedling clamping operation cannot be carried out immediately, the seed algae can be packed and put into the net bag, and the temporary culture is carried out for 1-2 days in the sea area close to the operation area with smooth water flow.
And (4) post management:
after maintenance is carried out, the growth condition of the sargassum horneri in a maintenance area is regularly monitored, the ecological environment of a water area is maintained, and fouling organisms are removed; the maintenance water area organization is patrolled, and the man-made interference is reduced;
floating the area with concentrated sargassum horneri distribution, arranging at least 1 cable on the open sea side to surround the sea area as much as possible, effectively intercepting free sargassum horneri, and suspending and supplementing the sargassum horneri again;
managing seasons: the algal reef units and the copper algae on the culture raft frames are transferred to a sea area with small wind waves for temporary culture 11 months earlier each year; marking the algal reef unit and the culture raft frame, and laying the sargassum horneri again after 4 months of the next year;
fourthly, when the length of the floating sargassum horneri exceeds 3m, cutting off the sargassum horneri seedlings, keeping the growth points of part of branches, and controlling the length of main branches within 3m (namely, the length from the fixing position of the sargassum horneri on the seedling rope to the farthest tip of the sargassum horneri is less than 1.5 m);
investigating fishery resources at regular intervals, and evaluating the maintenance effect;
and sixthly, for the area with no obvious effect, the seedling clamping amount and the distribution density of the sargassum horneri are increased.
The invention relates to a Sebastes bastes fishery resource maintenance technical mode with sargassum horneri as a tool species, which adopts proper seaweed at the larval stage according to fishery resources and sea area characteristics, carries out fishery resource maintenance in a bait area of larval and juvenile fish in high-temperature seasons, and carries out effect evaluation in time. Selecting proper natural seaweed according to the characteristics of sea areas and fishery resources, and setting the arrangement mode according to the characteristics of the sea areas and the activities of the larvae. The target seaweed and the fishery resources are local natural seaweed and economic fish respectively.
The Sebastes schlegeli juvenile fish luring method can lure fishery resources such as Sebastes schlegeli juvenile fish with poor swimming capability near the shore to the bait region in high-temperature seasons, and a large amount of copper algae are distributed in the bait region to shelter the Sebastes schlegeli juvenile fish so as to promote the healthy development of fishery resources.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, extension, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A bastes fish maintenance method based on copper algae cultivation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) determining maintenance time and selecting a target sea area;
2) determining the target alga: the target seaweed is Sargassum horneri;
3) constructing an algal reef unit or a culture raft frame, and clamping seedlings;
4) laying algal reef units or culture raft frames;
5) evaluating the maintenance effect of the sea area;
6) and performing corresponding later-period management according to the maintenance effect evaluation.
2. The bastes species fish curing method based on Sargassum horneri cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1), the curing time is a high temperature season, and the bastes species fish fry is in a period of three and four months old.
3. The bastes species fish curing method based on Sargassum horneri cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 1), the selection of the target sea area meets the following conditions:
firstly, a bait-line field for fish larvae is provided;
the depth of the seawater is within 15-16m, and the transparency is 1-2 m;
thirdly, the bottom material of the target sea area is mainly gravel and silt;
and the offshore distance of the target sea area is within 1000 m.
4. The bastes species fish curing method based on Sargassum horneri cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 2), the acquisition of target seaweed: healthy floating Sargassum horneri is selected as the seed algae, the length of the seed algae is 0.8-1m, and the weight of the seed algae is 0.25 kg.
5. The bastes plant species fish maintenance method based on copper algae cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the algal reef unit comprises a bottom weight (1), a main cable (2), seedling ropes (4) and a buoy (5), wherein one end of the main cable (2) is connected with the bottom weight (1), the other end of the main cable is connected with the buoy (5), one end close to the buoy (5) is connected with a plurality of seedling ropes (4) at intervals along the length direction, and the seedling ropes (4) are used for fixing seed algae.
6. The bastes plant fish maintenance method based on Sargassum horneri cultivation of claim 1, wherein the cultivation raft comprises a seedling rope (4), floats (5), a boom rope (6) and two fixed piles (7), wherein two ends of the boom rope (6) are respectively connected with the two fixed piles (7), a plurality of floats (5) are arranged at intervals in the middle of the boom rope (6), the boom rope (6) is close to the two fixed seedling ropes (4) on two sides of the plurality of floats (5), and the seedling rope (4) is used for fixing seed algae.
7. The bastes species fish curing method based on Sargassum horneri cultivation as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein the seedling rope (4) is made of polyethylene, the diameter is 14mm, the length is 5-6m, and the distance between the seedling ropes (4) is 2 m.
8. The bastes species fish curing method based on copper alga cultivation as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein the middle part of the seed alga is fixed by a knot through a seedling rope (4), and a bunch of seedlings is clamped every 10-15 cm.
9. The bastes seed fish curing method based on Sargassum horneri cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 4), multiple groups of said algal reef units or multiple groups of culture rafts are thrown at intervals in the target sea area, and the spacing between algal reef units or culture rafts is 50 m.
10. The bastes species fish curing method based on Sargassum horneri cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 5), evaluation is performed on the growth, development, reproduction, distribution and population density indexes of the larval fish according to the determined evaluation system.
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