CN112284984A - Solid surface energy measuring device and method based on light reflection - Google Patents
Solid surface energy measuring device and method based on light reflection Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solid surface energy measuring device and method based on light reflection, which comprises a light source, a light beam control element and a light beam adjusting element, wherein the light source is used for generating parallel beam-expanded light beams; each incident beam irradiates corresponding liquid drops on the surface of the solid to be detected and forms a reflection light spot on the observation screen; the collecting device is used for collecting the reflected light spots, and the output end of the collecting device is connected with the evaluation system; the method utilizes the light reflection principle, obtains a plurality of reflection light spots, obtains a contact angle between the liquid drop and the surface of the solid to be measured by utilizing the diameter difference of the plurality of reflection light spots, and further calculates to obtain the surface energy of the surface of the solid to be measured; the method has the advantages of high light sensitivity, analyzable determination result, simple determination process, low cost, high efficiency, nondestructive non-contact and high-precision rapid measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface energy measurement, and particularly relates to a solid surface energy measurement device and method based on light reflection.
Background
Surface energy is an intuitive manifestation of intermolecular forces, liquid or solid surface molecules are affected by unbalanced intermolecular forces, and have additional energy compared to internal molecules; the surface energy can be divided into solid surface energy and liquid surface energy, and the measurement of the solid surface energy plays an important guiding role in theoretical research and production practice in the fields of porous materials, welding, molecular sieves and the like; the measurement of the surface energy of liquid is closely related to the technologies of detergent manufacture, foam separation, wetting, decoloring, emulsification, catalysis and the like.
At present, the contact angle is the most direct and effective method in all solid surface energy measuring methods, and the method is essentially a calculation method based on the Young's equation describing a solid-liquid-gas interface system; the existing methods for measuring the contact angle mainly comprise an image analysis method, an angle measurement method, a force measurement method, a photometric method and the like; wherein, the image analysis method needs to over-fit the liquid drop profile and obtains the contact angle by utilizing software calculation; the angle measurement method is used for measuring the size of a contact angle by searching the contact angle, and the requirements of an image analysis method and the angle measurement method on equipment for photographing, a photographing environment and the like are high, and an optical blind area exists; the force measurement method mainly aims at the liquid level of the plugboard, the liquid surface tension needs to be known, only one liquid can be measured, the size of the solid plate needs to be increased, the length of a contact line needs to be known, and the requirement on a liquid sample is high; the optical measurement method can synchronously measure the tension and the contact angle of the liquid level of the inserting plate, only one liquid can be measured, and the requirement on a sample is high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a solid surface energy measuring device and method based on light reflection, and aims to solve the technical problems that when the solid surface energy is measured by adopting a contact angle in the prior art, the measured liquid drop has an optical blind area, the measurement is not comprehensive, and the human error is large.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
the invention provides a solid surface energy measuring device based on light reflection, which comprises a light source, a light beam control element, a light path adjusting element, an observation screen, a collecting device and an evaluation system, wherein the light source is connected with the light beam control element; the light source is used for generating parallel beam expanding light beams, and the light beam control element and the light beam adjusting element are sequentially arranged on the light path of the parallel beam expanding light beams; the beam control element is used for adjusting the diameter of the parallel expanded beam, and the beam adjusting element is used for dividing the parallel expanded beam into at least three incident beams;
forming a reflected light beam after the incident light beam irradiates the liquid drop on the surface of the solid to be measured; an observation screen is horizontally arranged above the surface of the solid to be measured, and the reflected light beam forms a reflected light spot on the observation screen; the collecting device is used for collecting the reflected light spots on the observation screen, the output end of the collecting device is connected with the evaluation system, and the evaluation system is used for calculating the surface energy of the solid to be measured according to the collected reflected light spots.
Further, the light beam adjusting element comprises a first spectroscope, a second spectroscope, a third spectroscope, a fourth spectroscope, a fifth spectroscope, a first plane mirror and a second plane mirror;
the first beam splitter is arranged on a light path of the parallel expanded beam, and the parallel expanded beam passes through the first beam splitter to form a first reflected beam and a first transmitted beam; the first plane mirror and the second beam splitter are sequentially arranged on the light path of the first reflected light beam, the first reflected light beam is sequentially reflected by the first plane mirror and the second beam splitter to form a first incident light beam, and the first incident light beam vertically irradiates on a first liquid drop on the surface of the solid to be measured;
the third beam splitter is arranged on the light path of the first transmitted beam, and the first transmitted beam forms a second reflected beam and a second transmitted beam after passing through the third beam splitter; the second plane mirror and the fourth beam splitter are sequentially arranged on the light path of the second reflected light beam, the second reflected light beam is sequentially reflected by the second plane mirror and the fourth beam splitter to form a second incident light beam, and the second incident light beam vertically irradiates on a second liquid drop on the surface of the solid to be measured;
and the fifth spectroscope is arranged on the light path of the second transmitted light beam, the second horizontal light beam is reflected by the fifth spectroscope to form a third incident light beam, and the third incident light beam vertically irradiates on a third liquid drop on the surface of the solid to be measured.
Furthermore, the first spectroscope, the second spectroscope, the third spectroscope, the fourth spectroscope and the fifth spectroscope all adopt semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirrors.
Further, the light source comprises a laser, a beam expander and a convex lens, the laser is used for emitting parallel light beams, and the beam expander and the convex lens are sequentially arranged on a light path of the parallel light beams and used for adjusting the parallel light beams into parallel beam expanded light beams.
Furthermore, the light beam control element adopts a circular hole-shaped diaphragm, and the circular hole-shaped diaphragm is provided with a scale value.
Furthermore, the observation screen adopts optical ground glass.
The invention also provides a solid surface energy measuring method based on light reflection, which comprises the following steps:
and 7, calculating the surface energy of the surface of the solid to be detected according to the contact angle between each liquid drop and the surface of the solid to be detected.
Further, in step 6, the mathematical expression of the contact angle between the liquid drop and the surface of the solid to be measured is as follows:
wherein, thetaiThe contact angle of the ith liquid drop and the surface of the solid to be detected is shown; r isBiIs the maximum radius of the ith droplet; h is the initial distance between the observation screen and the surface of the solid to be measured; d is the initial radius of the reflected light spot on the observation screen; r isiThe radius of the liquid drop corresponding to the optical contact point on the ith liquid drop; delta DiThe diameter difference of the reflected light spots before and after the observation screen moves vertically; and deltah is the vertical movement interval of the observation screen.
Further, in step 7, the surface energy γ of the solid surface to be measuredsThe mathematical expression of (a) is:
wherein,
the Van der Waals component of the surface energy of the solid to be measured;
is the Lewis acid component of the surface energy of the solid to be measured;
the Lewis base component is the surface energy of the solid to be measured;
is the van der waals component of the surface energy of the ith droplet;
a lewis acid component that is the surface energy of the ith droplet;
surface energy of the ith dropletA lewis base component.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a solid surface energy measuring device and method based on light reflection, which utilize the light reflection principle, obtain a plurality of reflection light spots by adjusting the distance between an observation screen and the surface of a solid to be measured, obtain the contact angle between a liquid drop and the surface of the solid to be measured by utilizing the diameter difference of the plurality of reflection light spots, have lower requirements on measuring equipment and environment in the contact angle measuring process, have no optical blind area, meet the synchronous measurement of the contact angles of various liquids, and realize the rapid and accurate measurement of the surface energy of the solid to be measured; the light sensitivity is high, the measurement result can be analyzed, the measurement process is simple, and the cost is low; the method has the advantages of high efficiency, nondestructive, non-contact and high-precision rapid measurement.
Furthermore, the light beam control element adopts a circular hole-shaped diaphragm, and a scale value is arranged on the circular hole-shaped diaphragm, so that the incident light diameter can be accurately and quickly acquired, and the accuracy of a measurement result is effectively improved.
Furthermore, the observation screen adopts the optical ground glass, so that not only can the reflected light beam form an image on the optical ground glass, but also the formed image can be observed from the back of the optical ground glass, the generation of an optical blind area is avoided, the requirements of a reflected light spot acquisition device and an acquisition environment are reduced, the operation process is simple and easy, and the human error is effectively reduced.
Furthermore, the diameter of the parallel beam expanding beam is more than or equal to 2 times of the radius of the liquid drop, so that the maximum radius of the liquid drop can be obtained by using the diameter of the parallel beam, the diameter of the liquid drop does not need to be measured independently, and the accuracy of a measuring result is higher.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a liquid droplet structure on a solid surface;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the optical principle of the method for measuring the surface energy of a solid according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a solid surface energy measuring apparatus according to an example.
The device comprises a light source 1, a light beam control element 2, a solid surface to be measured 3, liquid drops 4, an observation screen 5, a first spectroscope 6, a second spectroscope 7, a third spectroscope 8, a fourth spectroscope 9, a fifth spectroscope 10, a first plane mirror 11 and a second plane mirror 12.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention more apparent, the following embodiments further describe the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
The invention provides a solid surface energy measuring device based on light reflection, which comprises a light source 1, a light beam control element 2, a light path adjusting element, an observation screen 5, a collecting device and an evaluation system, wherein the light beam control element is arranged on the light source 1; the light source 1 is used for generating parallel expanded beam light beams, and the light beam control element 2 and the light beam adjusting element are sequentially arranged on the light path of the parallel expanded beam light beams; the light beam control element 2 is used for adjusting the diameter of the parallel expanded beam light beam to enable the diameter of the parallel expanded beam light beam to be more than or equal to 2 times of the radius of the liquid drop; the beam conditioning element is configured to split the parallel expanded beam into at least three incident beams.
At least three liquid drops 4 are arranged on the surface 3 of the solid to be detected, and the liquid surface energy of the liquid drops is known; the liquid drops 4 correspond to the incident light beams one by one, each incident light beam irradiates the corresponding liquid drop 4, and the incident light beams form reflected light beams after being reflected by the liquid drops; an observation screen 5 is arranged above the surface of the solid to be measured in parallel, and the reflected light beam forms a reflected light spot on the observation screen 5; the collecting device is used for collecting the reflection light spots on the observation screen 5, the output end of the collecting device is connected with the evaluation system, and the evaluation system is used for calculating the surface energy of the surface of the solid to be measured according to the collected reflection light spots.
In the invention, a light source 1 comprises a laser, a beam expander and a convex lens, wherein the laser is used for emitting parallel light beams, and the beam expander and the convex lens are sequentially arranged on a light path of the parallel light beams and are used for adjusting the parallel light beams into parallel beam expanded light beams; the light beam control element 2 adopts a circular hole-shaped diaphragm, and a scale value is arranged on the circular hole-shaped diaphragm; the observation screen 5 adopts the optical ground glass, so that not only can the reflected light beam form an image on the optical ground glass, but also the formed image can be observed from the back of the glass, the generation of an optical blind area is avoided, the requirements of a reflected light spot acquisition device and the acquisition environment are reduced, and the operation process is simple and easy to implement.
The invention also provides a method for measuring the surface energy of the solid based on light reflection, which comprises the following steps:
And 2, turning on a light source, and adjusting the diameter of the parallel beam expanding light beam by using a light beam control element to enable the diameter of the parallel beam expanding light beam to be more than or equal to 2 times of the radius of the liquid drop.
And 3, adjusting a light path adjusting element, dividing the parallel expanded beam into at least three incident beams, enabling each incident beam to respectively irradiate the surface of the corresponding liquid drop, forming a reflection light spot on the observation screen after each incident beam is reflected by the corresponding liquid drop, and recording the diameter of each reflection light spot.
And 4, adjusting the distance between the observation screen and the surface of the solid to be measured, recording the diameter of each reflection light spot after the observation screen is adjusted, and calculating the diameter difference of each reflection light spot before and after the observation screen is adjusted.
And 5, repeating the step 4, and at least acquiring the diameter difference of the reflected light spots before and after the three groups of observation screens are adjusted.
wherein, thetaiThe contact angle of the ith liquid drop and the surface of the solid to be detected is shown; r isBiIs the maximum radius of the ith droplet; h is the initial distance between the observation screen and the surface of the solid to be measured; d is the initial radius of the reflected light spot on the observation screen; r isiThe radius of the liquid drop corresponding to the light contact point of the incident light beam on the ith liquid drop; delta DiTo observeThe diameter difference of the reflected light spots before and after the screen moves vertically; and deltah is the vertical movement interval of the observation screen.
wherein,
the Van der Waals component of the surface energy of the solid to be measured;
Principle of measurement
Referring to fig. 1, in the apparatus and method for measuring surface energy of a solid based on light reflection according to the present invention, when a liquid drop is disposed on a surface of a solid to be measured, a vertical profile of the liquid drop can be regarded as an arc with a radius of R.
Recording: the maximum height of the droplet is ZmThe maximum radius of the droplet is rBThe contact angle between the liquid drop and the surface of the solid to be measured is theta, the radius of the liquid drop corresponding to the light contact point of the incident light beam on the liquid drop is r, and the height of the liquid drop corresponding to the light contact point of the incident light beam on the liquid drop is z.
From the geometrical relationship of the droplets on the solid surface:
r2+[z+(R-Zm)]2＝R2 (1)
from the above equations (1) to (3), the mathematical expression for the drop height z corresponding to the light contact point of the incident light beam on the drop is:
the derivation of the above formula (4) yields:
the mathematical expression of the contact angle θ between the liquid droplet and the surface of the solid to be measured is obtained from the above formula (4) and the above formula (5):
as can be seen from the equation (6), the contact angle θ is the radius r of the droplet corresponding to the light contact point of the incident beam on the droplet, and the maximum radius r of the dropletBAnd an expression of a drop height z corresponding to a light contact point of an incident beam on the drop.
As shown in fig. 2, an incident beam with a width of 2d is vertically irradiated on the liquid drop, and the incident beam is reflected by the surface of the liquid drop to form a reflected beam; wherein, the included angle between the incident beam and the reflected beam is 2 theta;
the width of a reflection light spot of a reflection light beam on the observation screen is 2D, h represents the distance between the observation screen and the surface of the solid to be measured, and the height of the liquid drop corresponding to the light contact point of the incident light beam on the liquid drop can be obtained by giving the position of the boundary light ray of the incident light beam, namely a group of (r, z) values is obtained.
From the geometrical knowledge:
d＝r (7)
tanθ＝z′
if the observation screen is moved by delta h in the vertical direction
So that:
according to the formula (9), the height of the liquid drop corresponding to the light contact point of the incident light beam on the liquid drop can be obtained by utilizing the boundary light position of the incident light beam;thus, by varying the position of the light ray on the surface of the drop, a plurality of sets (r, z) can be obtained, and when the boundary of the drop is scanned, the maximum radius r of the drop can be measuredBThereby tracing the surface contour of the liquid drop.
The following can be obtained from formulas (6), (9) and (10):
thus, detecting the light reflection field of one droplet can result in the droplet contact angle, while scanning at least three different droplets can result in at least three droplet contact angles simultaneously.
In a solid-liquid-gas three-phase system described based on Yongug, s equation, the surface energy of solid is gammasSurface energy of liquid gammalAnd mutual free energy gamma of solid-liquid interfaceslFilm pressure pi of solid surface0And the relationship between the contact angle θ:
γs-π0-γsl＝γlcosθ (12)
for low energy surfaces, film pressure pi0Negligible, the Yongug, s equation is transformed to:
γs-γsl＝γl cosθ (13)
the surface energy of a solid or liquid, respectively, including the van der Waals component gammalwLewis acid component gamma+And a Lewis component base gamma—(ii) a Thus, the solid surface energy γsAnd liquid surface energy gammalThe mathematical expressions of (a) are respectively:
the relationship between the free energy of solid-liquid interface interaction and the respective surface energies of solid and liquid can be expressed as:
substituting expressions (14) to (16) into expression (13) to obtain the relationship between the solid surface energy, the liquid surface energy and the contact angle therebetween:
thus, by measuring the surface of a solid with three known
And
the surface energy component parameter of the solid, i.e. the contact angle between the liquids
And
and will know three
And
the contact angle between the liquids in (1) can be substituted for the value of the surface energy component parameter of the solid in the formula (17).
Examples
As shown in fig. 3, the present embodiment provides a solid surface energy measuring device based on light reflection, which includes a light source 1, a light beam control element 2, a light path adjusting element, an observation screen 5, a collecting device and an evaluation system; the liquid droplet parallel expansion device comprises a light source 1, a light beam control element 2 and a light beam adjusting element, wherein the light source 1 is used for generating parallel expanded light beams, the light beam control element 2 and the light beam adjusting element are sequentially arranged on a light path of the parallel expanded light beams, the light beam control element 2 is used for adjusting the diameter of the parallel expanded light beams, and the diameter of the parallel expanded light beams is more than or equal to 2 times of; the beam conditioning element is configured to split the parallel expanded beam into three incident beams.
Three liquid drops 4 are arranged on the surface 3 of the solid to be measured, the liquid drops 4 correspond to incident light beams one by one, and each incident light beam irradiates the corresponding liquid drop 4; an observation screen 5 is horizontally arranged above the solid surface 3 to be detected, and the observation screen 5 can vertically translate above the solid surface 3 to be detected; the incident beam is reflected by the liquid drop 4 to form a reflected beam, and the reflected beam forms a reflected light spot on the observation screen 5; the collecting device is used for collecting the reflection light spots on the observation screen 5, the output end of the collecting device is connected with the evaluation system, and the evaluation system is used for calculating the surface energy of the solid to be measured according to the collected reflection light spots.
The light beam adjusting element comprises a first spectroscope 6, a second spectroscope 7, a third spectroscope 8, a fourth spectroscope 9, a fifth spectroscope 10, a first plane mirror 11 and a second plane mirror 12; the first spectroscope 6 is arranged behind the light beam control element 2 and is arranged on the light path of the parallel expanded light beams; after the parallel expanded beam passes through the first spectroscope 6, a first reflected beam and a first transmitted beam are formed; the first plane mirror 11 and the second beam splitter 7 are sequentially arranged on the light path of the first reflected light beam, the first reflected light beam is reflected by the first plane mirror 11 and the second beam splitter 7 in sequence, the reflected light forms a first incident light beam, and the first incident light beam vertically irradiates on the first liquid droplet; the third spectroscope 8 is arranged on the light path of the first transmitted light beam, and the first transmitted light beam forms a second reflected light beam and a second transmitted light beam after passing through the third spectroscope 8; the second plane mirror 12 and the fourth beam splitter 9 are sequentially arranged on the light path of the second reflected light beam, the second reflected light beam is reflected by the second plane mirror 12 and the fourth beam splitter 9 in sequence, the reflected light forms a second incident light beam, and the second incident light beam vertically irradiates on a second liquid droplet; the fifth spectroscope 10 is arranged on the optical path of the second transmitted light beam, the second transmitted light beam is reflected by the fifth spectroscope 10 to form a third incident light beam, and the third incident light beam vertically irradiates on a third liquid drop.
In this embodiment, the light source 1 includes a laser, a beam expander, and a convex lens, the laser is configured to emit parallel light beams, and the beam expander and the convex lens are sequentially disposed on a light path of the parallel light beams and configured to adjust the parallel light beams into parallel beam-expanded light beams; the light beam control element 2 adopts a circular hole-shaped diaphragm, and a scale value is arranged on the circular hole-shaped diaphragm; the first spectroscope 6, the second spectroscope 7, the third spectroscope 8, the fourth spectroscope 9 and the fifth spectroscope 10 all adopt semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirrors; the observation screen 5 adopts optical ground glass; the acquisition device adopts a camera and is used for capturing all liquid drop reflection light spots on the observation screen 5; the evaluation system adopts a computer which is used for storing, transmitting, calculating, displaying and other functions of the measurement information obtained by the acquisition device; the calculation process is as follows:
obtaining theta of contact angles of the three liquid drops and the surface of the solid to be measured by using a mathematical expression of the contact angles of the liquid drops and the surface of the solid to be measured1,θ2And theta3The mathematical expression formula is:
the general formula of the relationship among the contact angle of the liquid drop, the surface energy of the liquid and the surface energy of the solid is as follows:
in particular, the method comprises the following steps of,
of three droplets
And
are all known as θ1,θ2And theta3Can be measured; therefore, the temperature of the molten metal is controlled,
and
can be solved, thereby, the fixed surface energy gamma is measuredsThe mathematical expression of (a) is:
the embodiment also provides a method for measuring the surface energy of a solid based on light reflection, which comprises the following steps:
wherein, thetaiThe contact angle of the ith liquid drop and the surface of the solid to be detected is shown; r isBiIs the maximum radius of the ith droplet; h is the initial distance between the observation screen and the surface of the solid to be measured; d is the initial radius of the reflected light spot on the observation screen; r isiThe radius of the liquid drop corresponding to the optical contact point on the ith liquid drop; delta DiThe diameter difference of the reflected light spots before and after the observation screen moves vertically; and deltah is the vertical movement interval of the observation screen.
wherein,
the Van der Waals component of the surface energy of the solid to be measured;
The measuring device and the measuring method provided by the invention utilize the light reflection principle, obtain a plurality of reflection light spots by adjusting the distance between the observation screen and the surface of the solid to be measured, obtain the contact angle between the liquid drop and the surface of the solid to be measured by utilizing the diameter difference of the plurality of reflection light spots, and further calculate and obtain the surface energy of the surface of the solid to be measured; the liquid contact angle detection device is suitable for liquid with the contact angle of less than 90 degrees with the surface of the solid to be detected as liquid drops on the surface of the solid to be detected, can realize synchronous measurement of the contact angles of various liquids, realizes quick and accurate measurement of the surface energy of the solid to be detected, has high light sensitivity, can analyze the measurement result, has simple measurement process and low cost, and has the advantages of high efficiency, no damage, non-contact and high-precision quick measurement.
The above-described embodiment is only one of the embodiments that can implement the technical solution of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by the embodiment, but includes any variations, substitutions and other embodiments that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed.
Claims (9)
1. A solid surface energy measuring device based on light reflection is characterized by comprising a light source (1), a light beam control element (2), a light path adjusting element, an observation screen (5), a collecting device and an evaluation system; the light source (1) is used for generating parallel expanded beam light beams, and the light beam control element (2) and the light beam adjusting element are sequentially arranged on the light path of the parallel expanded beam light beams; the beam control element (2) is used for adjusting the diameter of the parallel expanded beam, and the beam adjusting element is used for dividing the parallel expanded beam into at least three incident beams;
forming a reflected light beam after the incident light beam irradiates the liquid drop on the surface of the solid to be measured; an observation screen (5) is arranged above the surface of the solid to be measured in parallel, and the reflected light beam forms a reflected light spot on the observation screen (5); the collecting device is used for collecting the reflection light spots on the observation screen (5), the output end of the collecting device is connected with the evaluation system, and the evaluation system is used for calculating the surface energy of the solid to be measured according to the collected reflection light spots.
2. The device for measuring the surface energy of the solid based on the light reflection is characterized in that the light beam adjusting element comprises a first spectroscope (6), a second spectroscope (7), a third spectroscope (8), a fourth spectroscope (9), a fifth spectroscope (10), a first plane mirror (11) and a second plane mirror (12);
the first spectroscope (6) is arranged on a light path of the parallel expanded beam, and the parallel expanded beam passes through the first spectroscope (6) to form a first reflected beam and a first transmitted beam; the first plane mirror (11) and the second beam splitter (7) are sequentially arranged on a light path of the first reflected light beam, the first reflected light beam is sequentially reflected by the first plane mirror (11) and the second beam splitter (7) to form a first incident light beam, and the first incident light beam vertically irradiates on a first liquid drop on the surface of the solid to be measured;
the third spectroscope (8) is arranged on the light path of the first transmitted light beam, and the first transmitted light beam forms a second reflected light beam and a second transmitted light beam after passing through the third spectroscope (8); the second flat mirror (12) and the fourth spectroscope (9) are sequentially arranged on the light path of the second reflected light beam, the second reflected light beam is sequentially reflected by the second flat mirror (12) and the fourth spectroscope (9) to form a second incident light beam, and the second incident light beam vertically irradiates on a second liquid drop on the surface of the solid to be measured;
the fifth spectroscope (10) is arranged on the light path of the second transmitted light beam, the second horizontal light beam is reflected by the fifth spectroscope (10) to form a third incident light beam, and the third incident light beam vertically irradiates on a third liquid drop on the surface of the solid to be measured.
3. The device for measuring the surface energy of the solid based on the light reflection is characterized in that the first spectroscope (6), the second spectroscope (7), the third spectroscope (8), the fourth spectroscope (9) and the fifth spectroscope (10) are semi-transparent and semi-reflective mirrors.
4. The apparatus for measuring the surface energy of a solid based on light reflection as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light source (1) comprises a laser, a beam expander and a convex lens, the laser is used for emitting a parallel light beam, and the beam expander and the convex lens are sequentially arranged on the light path of the parallel light beam and are used for adjusting the parallel light beam into a parallel expanded light beam.
5. The apparatus for measuring surface energy of a solid based on light reflection according to claim 1, wherein the light beam control element (2) is a circular aperture having a scale value.
6. The apparatus for measuring the surface energy of a solid based on light reflection according to claim 1, wherein the observation screen (5) is made of optical ground glass.
7. A method for measuring surface energy of a solid based on light reflection, which comprises the steps of using the apparatus for measuring surface energy of a solid based on light reflection according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising:
step 1, arranging at least three liquid drops on the surface of a solid to be detected;
step 2, turning on a light source, and adjusting the diameter of the parallel beam expanding light beam by using a light beam control element to enable the diameter of the parallel beam expanding light beam to be more than or equal to 2 times of the radius of the liquid drop;
step 3, adjusting a light path adjusting element, dividing the parallel expanded beam into at least three incident beams, enabling each incident beam to respectively irradiate the surface of the corresponding liquid drop, forming a reflection light spot on the observation screen after each incident beam is reflected by the corresponding liquid drop, and recording the diameter of each reflection light spot;
step 4, adjusting the distance between the observation screen and the surface of the solid to be measured, recording the diameter of each reflection light spot after the observation screen is adjusted, and calculating the diameter difference of the reflection light spots before and after the observation screen is adjusted;
step 5, repeating the step 4, and at least obtaining the diameter difference of the reflected light spots before and after the adjustment of the three groups of observation screens;
step 6, utilizing a plurality of groups of observation screens to adjust the diameter difference of the front and rear reflection light spots, and calculating to obtain a contact angle between each liquid drop and the surface of the solid to be measured;
and 7, calculating the surface energy of the surface of the solid to be detected according to the contact angle between each liquid drop and the surface of the solid to be detected.
8. The method for measuring the surface energy of the solid based on the light reflection as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the step 6, the mathematical expression of the contact angle between the liquid drop and the surface of the solid to be measured is as follows:
wherein, thetaiThe contact angle of the ith liquid drop and the surface of the solid to be detected is shown; r isBiIs the maximum radius of the ith droplet; h is the initial distance between the observation screen and the surface of the solid to be measured; d is the initial radius of the reflected light spot on the observation screen; r isiThe radius of the liquid drop corresponding to the optical contact point on the ith liquid drop; delta DiThe diameter difference of the reflected light spots before and after the observation screen moves vertically; and deltah is the vertical movement interval of the observation screen.
9. The method for measuring surface energy of solid based on light reflection as claimed in claim 7, wherein in step 7, the surface energy γ of the solid surface to be measuredsThe mathematical expression of (a) is:
wherein,
the Van der Waals component of the surface energy of the solid to be measured;
is the Lewis acid component of the surface energy of the solid to be measured;
the Lewis base component is the surface energy of the solid to be measured;
is the van der waals component of the surface energy of the ith droplet;
a lewis acid component that is the surface energy of the ith droplet;
the lewis base component of the surface energy of the ith droplet.
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