CN109975182B - Surface tension measuring device and measuring method for liquid drops on vertical plate - Google Patents
Surface tension measuring device and measuring method for liquid drops on vertical plate Download PDFInfo
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
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- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 16
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 101100166427 Arabidopsis thaliana CCD4 gene Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
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- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/02—Investigating surface tension of liquids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/02—Investigating surface tension of liquids
- G01N2013/0208—Investigating surface tension of liquids by measuring contact angle
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/02—Investigating surface tension of liquids
- G01N2013/0283—Investigating surface tension of liquids methods of calculating surface tension
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Abstract
The invention discloses a surface tension measuring device and a measuring method for liquid drops on a vertical plate, wherein the device comprises a light source, a glass sheet, a linear array CCD and a computer; the light source is used for generating a horizontal light beam, the glass sheet is arranged on the light path as a vertical plate, the liquid drop to be measured is arranged on the surface of one side of the glass sheet, which is close to the light source, and the liquid drop to be measured is penetrated by the light beam; the linear array CCD and the light source are respectively arranged at two sides of the glass sheet, and the linear array CCD and the light source are correspondingly arranged; the linear array CCD is used for collecting diffraction light intensity distribution of the light beam transmitted by the liquid drop to be detected and transmitting the diffraction light intensity distribution to the computer; according to the invention, the liquid drop to be detected is arranged on the vertical glass sheet, and the surface tension coefficient of the liquid is obtained through acquisition and analysis of the light beam diffraction signals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of physical quantity measurement, in particular to a surface tension measuring device and a measuring method for liquid drops on a vertical plate.
Background
The measurement of the surface tension coefficient of the liquid is important in many application science and engineering fields, and the traditional measurement methods include a pull-off method, a titration method, a capillary method, a maximum bubble pressure method and the like; in recent years, a technique for measuring a surface tension coefficient based on an optical method is widely used, for example, a laser reflection method is based on geometrical optics knowledge, and the measurement of the surface tension coefficient is realized by researching the light field characteristics of parallel laser beams reflected by a wetting effect bending liquid surface; according to the laser diffraction method, according to the modulation action of capillary waves on the surface of liquid on an incident laser beam, the measurement of the surface tension coefficient is realized by researching diffraction fringes of a reflected light field; in addition, the method is based on Talbot effect to wetting bending liquid level imaging method and a measuring method for constructing a Fabry-Perot cavity and the like. The existing optical measurement method often needs more samples to be measured, and an experimental instrument is expensive and complex to operate.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a surface tension measuring device and a measuring method aiming at liquid drops on a vertical plate, so as to solve the technical problems that more samples to be measured are needed or the operation is complex in the optical measuring method in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
A surface tension measuring device for liquid drops on a vertical plate comprises a light source, a glass sheet, a linear array CCD and a computer; the light source is used for generating a horizontal light beam, the glass sheet is vertically arranged on the light path, the liquid drop to be measured is arranged on the surface of one side of the glass sheet, which is close to the light source, and the liquid drop to be measured is penetrated by the light beam; the linear array CCD and the light source are respectively arranged at two sides of the glass sheet, and the linear array CCD and the light source are correspondingly arranged; the linear array CCD is used for collecting the light intensity distribution of the light beam after the surface phase modulation of the liquid drop to be detected and transmitting the light intensity distribution to a computer.
Further, the light source adopts a laser.
Further, the device also comprises a measuring platform, wherein the measuring platform comprises a main sliding rail, a first support and a second support, the main sliding rail is horizontally arranged along the light beam, the first support and the second support are both arranged on the main sliding rail, and the first support and the second support can slide along the main sliding rail; the glass sheet is arranged on the first bracket, and the linear array CCD is arranged on the second bracket.
Further, the first support comprises a first support rod, a connecting plate, a first knob, a second support rod, a second knob and a flat clamp, the lower end of the first support rod is vertically arranged on the main sliding rail, and the first support rod can slide on the main sliding rail; the upper end of the first supporting rod is vertically and fixedly connected with one end of a connecting plate, the other end of the connecting plate is provided with a first knob, and the lower end of the second supporting rod is vertically arranged on the first knob; the second knob is vertically and horizontally arranged at the upper end of the second supporting rod, and the flat clamp is connected with the second knob; the glass sheet is mounted on the flat clip.
Further, the second bracket comprises a first sliding rail, a second sliding rail and a collecting table, the first sliding rail is vertically arranged on the main sliding rail, and the first sliding rail can slide on the main sliding rail; the second sliding rail is vertically arranged on the first sliding rail, and can slide up and down on the first sliding rail; the collecting table is arranged on the second sliding rail, the collecting table can horizontally slide on the second sliding rail, and the sliding direction of the collecting table is vertical to the sliding directions of the first sliding rail and the second sliding rail; the linear array CCD is fixedly arranged on the acquisition table.
Further, the spot diameter of the light beam is larger than the maximum radius of the droplet to be measured.
The invention also provides a surface tension measuring method for the liquid drop on the vertical plate, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, setting liquid drops to be tested on a glass sheet;
Step 2, turning on a light source, and adjusting the position of the glass sheet to enable the light beam to penetrate through the liquid drop to be detected;
step 3, adjusting the linear array CCD position, and collecting the light intensity distribution of the light beam after the surface phase modulation of the liquid drop to be detected;
Step 4, filtering the obtained light intensity distribution to obtain the distances between the positions of all maximum points of the peak value of the filtered light intensity distribution and the positions of the maximum points;
And 5, calculating to obtain the surface tension coefficient of the liquid to be measured according to the distances between the positions of all the maximum points of the filtered light intensity distribution peak values and the positions of the maximum points.
Further, the surface tension coefficient expression in step 5 is:
Where n is the refractive index of the liquid, λ is the wavelength of light, h is the drop thickness, z is the position in the vertical direction, ρ is the drop density, and g is the gravitational acceleration;
x i+1 is the i+1st peak position of the function v (x), i=1, 2,3 … …, the function v (x) being the square of the eiri function;
x 1 is the first peak position of the function v (x), and this peak is the maximum of the function v (x);
For the light intensity distribution function/>, after the filtering process I=1, 2,3 … …;
For the light intensity distribution function/>, after the filtering process And the peak value is the light intensity distribution function/>, after the filtering processIs a maximum value of (a).
Further, the light intensity distribution function after the filtering processThe mathematical expression of (2) is:
wherein K is a constant;
l is the distance between the linear array CCD and the glass sheet, Z is the position coordinate on the observation surface;
θ is the equilibrium contact angle between the drop to be measured and the glass sheet.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the surface tension measuring device for the liquid drops on the vertical plate, the liquid to be measured is arranged on the vertical glass sheet, and the surface tension coefficient of the liquid is obtained through collecting the light beam diffraction signals.
Furthermore, by arranging the glass sheet and the linear array CCD on the measuring platform, the real-time adjustment of the glass sheet and the linear array CCD is realized, and the accuracy of a measuring result is ensured.
The invention also provides a surface tension measuring method for the liquid drop on the vertical plate, which comprises the steps of arranging the liquid drop to be measured on a glass sheet in the vertical direction, carrying out penetrating irradiation on the liquid drop to be measured by using light beams, and obtaining a diffraction signal image after the phase modulation of the incident light beams by the liquid drop to be measured by using linear array CCD and computer processing; obtaining distances between positions of all maximum points and positions of the maximum points in the diffraction signal image after filtering; according to the Fourier optical knowledge, the phase modulation of the curved surface of the droplet to be detected, which is subjected to the wave front of the incident light beam, can be regarded as the Fourier transformation of the object function; according to the fact that the square of Fourier transformation of the object function is proportional to diffraction light intensity distribution on a corresponding observation surface, solving a mathematical expression of a tension coefficient of the surface of the liquid to be measured, and solving the surface tension coefficient of the liquid to be measured; the invention adopts an optical method, adopts a non-contact side in the measuring process, has less sample requirement, simple equipment and strong operability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a measuring device according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a drop to be tested according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the intensity distribution function and Airy function according to the present invention.
The device comprises a light source 1, a measuring platform 2, a glass sheet 3, a linear array CCD 4, a computer 5 and liquid drops to be measured 6; 21 main slide rail, 22 first bracket, 23 second bracket; 211 first support bar, 222 connecting plate, 223 first knob, 224 second support bar, 225 second knob, 226 flat clip, 231 first slide rail, 232 second slide rail, 233 acquisition table.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific examples. It should be noted that the drawings are in a very simplified form and are all to a non-precise scale, merely for convenience and clarity in aiding in the description of embodiments of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention provides a liquid surface tension measuring device for liquid drops, which comprises a light source 1, a measuring platform 2, a glass sheet 3, a linear array CCD4 and a computer 5,
The light source 1 is used for generating a horizontal light beam, and the light source 1 adopts a laser; the glass sheet 3 is vertically arranged on the light path of the light source 1, and the light source 1 and the linear array CCD4 are respectively arranged on two sides of the glass sheet 3; the liquid drop 6 to be measured is arranged on the surface of the glass sheet 3, the liquid drop 6 to be measured is arranged on one side close to the light source 1, and the liquid drop 6 to be measured is penetrated by the light beam; the linear array CCD4 corresponds to the light source 1, and the linear array CCD4 is used for collecting the light intensity distribution image after the surface phase modulation of the liquid drop 6 to be detected; the output end of the linear array CCD4 is connected with the computer 5 through a cable, and the acquired light intensity distribution image is transmitted to the computer 5 through the cable.
The glass sheet 3 and the linear array CCD4 are both arranged on the measuring platform 2, the measuring platform 2 comprises a main sliding rail 21, a first support 22 and a second support 23, the main sliding rail 21 is horizontally arranged along a light beam, the first support 22 and the second support 23 are both arranged on the main sliding rail 21, the glass sheet 3 is arranged on the first support 22, and the position of the glass sheet 3 is adjusted through the first support 22; the linear array CCD4 is arranged on the second bracket 23, and the position adjustment of the linear array CCD4 is realized through the second bracket 23;
The first bracket 22 comprises a first supporting rod 221, a connecting plate 222, a first knob 223, a second supporting rod 224, a second knob 225 and a flat clamp 226, wherein the lower end of the first supporting rod 221 is vertically arranged on the main sliding rail 22, and the first supporting rod 221 can slide on the main sliding rail 21; the upper end of the first supporting rod 221 is vertically and fixedly connected with one end of the connecting plate 212, the other end of the connecting plate 222 is provided with a first knob 223, the lower end of the second supporting rod 224 is vertically arranged on the first knob 225, and the rotation of the second supporting rod 224 is realized through the first knob 225; the second knob 225 is vertically and horizontally arranged at the upper end of the second support rod 214, and the flat clamp 226 is connected with the second knob 225; glass sheet 3 is mounted on flat clip 226; the distance between the glass sheet 3 and the light source 1 and the linear array CCD4 is adjusted by the sliding of the first supporting rod 221 on the main sliding rail 21; by adjusting the first knob 223 and the second knob 225, an angle between the glass sheet 3 and the light beam is adjusted, and the glass sheet 3 is ensured to be perpendicular to the light beam in the measuring process.
The second bracket 23 comprises a first sliding rail 231, a second sliding rail 232 and a collection table 233, the first sliding rail 231 is vertically arranged on the main sliding rail 21, and the first sliding rail 231 can slide on the main sliding rail 21; the second sliding rail 232 is vertically arranged on the first sliding rail 231, and the second sliding rail 232 can slide up and down on the first sliding rail 231; the collection table 233 is arranged on the second slide rail 232, the collection table 233 can horizontally slide on the second slide rail 232, and the sliding direction of the collection table 233 is perpendicular to the sliding directions of the first slide rail 231 and the second slide rail 232; the linear array CCD4 is fixedly arranged on the acquisition table 233.
The invention also provides a liquid surface tension coefficient measuring method for the liquid drop, which comprises the following steps:
And step 1, arranging liquid drops 6 to be tested on the glass sheet 3. When the liquid drops are arranged on the glass sheet 3, the liquid is dripped on the surface of the glass sheet 3 in a drip irrigation mode, so that the liquid drops are ensured to stably or slowly slide on the surface of the glass sheet 3, and the volume of the liquid drops cannot be excessively large.
Step 2, turning on the light source 1, and adjusting the position of the glass sheet 3 to enable the horizontal light beam to vertically penetrate through the liquid drop 6 to be tested and keep stable; the spot diameter of the light beam is larger than the maximum diameter of the droplet 6 to be measured, and the light beam remains irradiated on the upper half of the droplet to be measured.
Step 3; and (3) adjusting the position of the linear array CCD4, and collecting the light intensity distribution of the light beam after the surface phase modulation of the liquid drop 6 to be detected.
Step 4, filtering the obtained light intensity distribution, and according to the distance between the (i+1) th fringe peak position and the first fringe peak position in the filtered light intensity distribution;
Step 5, calculating to obtain the surface tension coefficient of the liquid to be measured according to the distance between the (i+1) th fringe peak position and the first fringe peak position in the filtered light intensity distribution, wherein the mathematical expression of the surface tension coefficient of the liquid is as follows:
Where n is the refractive index of the liquid, λ is the wavelength of light, h is the drop thickness, z is the position in the vertical direction, ρ is the drop density, and g is the gravitational acceleration;
x i+1 is the i+1st peak position of the function v (x), i=1, 2,3 … …, the function v (x) being the square of the eiri function;
x 1 is the first peak position of the function v (x), and this peak is the maximum of the function v (x);
For the light intensity distribution function/>, after the filtering process I=1, 2,3 … …;
For the light intensity distribution function/>, after the filtering process And the peak value is the light intensity distribution function/>, after the filtering processIs a maximum value of (a).
Wherein the mathematical expression of the function v (x) is:
v(x)＝(Ai(x))2；
Wherein Ai (x) is an Airy function.
Light intensity distribution function after filteringThe mathematical expression of (2) is:
Wherein, K is a constant, L is the distance between the linear array CCD and the glass sheet;
z is the position coordinate on the viewing surface and θ is the equilibrium contact angle between the liquid and the glass sheet.
The calculation principle is as follows:
Referring to fig. 2 and 3, the section of the droplet to be measured on the surface of the flat vertical glass sheet is a function reflecting the thickness of the droplet to be measured, and the function can be obtained by solving the reynolds equation:
where h is the position where the drop thickness z is in the vertical direction, ρ is the drop density, γ is the surface tension coefficient, g is the gravitational acceleration, and θ is the equilibrium contact angle of the drop with the solid surface.
When the light beam is transmitted on the droplet, the incident light wave is subjected to the phase modulation of the curved surface of the droplet, and according to fourier optics, the phase modulation of the curved surface of the droplet, which is subjected to the incident light wave, can be regarded as fourier transformation of an objective function, and in the case of normal incidence, the objective function can be written as:
where n is the refractive index of the liquid, lambda is the wavelength of light, Thus, the mathematical expression of the light intensity distribution function on the corresponding observation plane is expressed as:
wherein K is a constant; l is the distance between the linear array CCD and the glass sheet; and Z observing the position coordinates on the surface.
The function v (x) = (Ai (x)) 2 is introduced, where Ai (x) is the airy function, and therefore, equation (3) is the result of the transformation of the v (x) coordinates.
Let the ith peak position of the function v (x) be x i (i=1, 2,3 … …), where the largest peak position is x 1
Diffraction light intensity distribution function on observation surfaceThe peak position of the ith stripe of (2) is/>Where the maximum peak position is/>
Thus, the mathematical expression for the surface tension coefficient of a liquid can be obtained as:
With the above description of the embodiments according to the present invention as an illustration, various changes and modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical spirit of the present invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the description, but must be determined according to the scope of claims.
Claims (7)
1. A method of measuring surface tension for a droplet on a vertical plate, characterized by using a surface tension measuring device for a droplet on a vertical plate; the surface tension measuring device for the liquid drop on the vertical plate comprises a light source (1), a glass sheet (3), a linear array CCD (4) and a computer (5); the light source (1) is used for generating horizontal light beams, the glass sheet (3) is vertically arranged on the light path, the liquid drop (6) to be detected is arranged on the surface of one side, close to the light source (1), of the glass sheet (3), and the liquid drop (6) to be detected is penetrated by the light beams; the linear array CCD (4) and the light source (1) are respectively arranged at two sides of the glass sheet (3), and the linear array CCD (4) and the light source (1) are correspondingly arranged; acquiring the light intensity distribution of the light beam subjected to the surface phase modulation of the liquid drop (6) to be detected by using a linear array CCD (4) and transmitting the light intensity distribution to a computer (5);
The surface tension measurement method for the liquid drop on the vertical plate comprises the following steps:
Step 1, arranging liquid drops (6) to be detected on a glass sheet;
step 2, turning on the light source (1), and adjusting the position of the glass sheet (3) to enable the light beam to penetrate through the liquid drop (6) to be detected;
step 3, adjusting the position of the linear array CCD (4), and collecting the light intensity distribution of the light beam after the surface phase modulation of the liquid drop (6) to be detected;
Step 4, filtering the obtained light intensity distribution to obtain the distances between the positions of all maximum points of the peak value of the filtered light intensity distribution and the positions of the maximum points;
Step 5, calculating to obtain the surface tension coefficient of the liquid to be measured according to the distances between the positions of all maximum points and the positions of the maximum points of the filtered light intensity distribution peak values;
the surface tension coefficient expression in step 5 is:
Where n is the refractive index of the liquid, λ is the wavelength of light, h is the drop thickness, z is the position in the vertical direction, r is the drop density, and g is the gravitational acceleration;
x i+1 is the i+1st peak position of the function v (x), i=1, 2,3 … …, the function v (x) being the square of the eiri function;
x 1 is the first peak position of the function v (x), and this peak is the maximum of the function v (x);
For the light intensity distribution function/>, after the filtering process I=1, 2,3 … …;
For the light intensity distribution function/>, after the filtering process And the peak value is the light intensity distribution function/>, after the filtering processIs a maximum value of (a).
2. A method of measuring surface tension for a droplet on a vertical plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the light source (1) is a laser.
3. The surface tension measurement method for liquid drops on a vertical plate according to claim 1, further comprising a measurement platform (2), wherein the measurement platform (2) comprises a main slide rail (21), a first support (22) and a second support (23), the main slide rail (21) is horizontally arranged along a light beam, the first support (22) and the second support (23) are both arranged on the main slide rail (21), and the first support (22) and the second support (23) can slide along the main slide rail (21); the glass sheet (3) is arranged on the first bracket (22), and the linear array CCD (4) is arranged on the second bracket (23).
4. A surface tension measuring method for liquid drop on vertical plate according to claim 3, characterized in that the first bracket (22) comprises a first supporting rod (211), a connecting plate (222), a first knob (223), a second supporting rod (224), a second knob (225) and a flat clamp (226), the lower end of the first supporting rod (211) is vertically arranged on the main sliding rail (21), and the first supporting rod (211) can slide on the main sliding rail (21); the upper end of the first supporting rod (211) is vertically and fixedly connected with one end of a connecting plate (222), a first knob (223) is arranged at the other end of the connecting plate (222), and the lower end of the second supporting rod (224) is vertically arranged on the first knob (223); the second knob (225) is vertically and horizontally arranged at the upper end of the second supporting rod (224), and the flat clamp (226) is connected with the second knob (225); the glass sheet (3) is mounted on a flat clamp (226).
5. A surface tension measurement method for liquid drops on a vertical plate according to claim 3, characterized in that the second bracket (23) comprises a first slide rail (231), a second slide rail (232) and a collection table (233), the first slide rail (231) is vertically arranged on the main slide rail (21), and the first slide rail (231) can slide on the main slide rail (21); the second sliding rail (232) is vertically arranged on the first sliding rail (231), and the second sliding rail (232) can slide up and down on the first sliding rail (231); the collection table (233) is arranged on the second sliding rail (232), the collection table (233) can horizontally slide on the second sliding rail (232), and the sliding direction of the collection table (233) is perpendicular to the sliding directions of the first sliding rail (231) and the second sliding rail (232); the linear array CCD (4) is fixedly arranged on the acquisition table (233).
6. A method of measuring surface tension for a drop on a vertical plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the spot diameter of the beam is larger than the maximum radius of the drop (6) to be measured.
7. The method for measuring the surface tension of a droplet on a vertical plate according to claim 1, wherein the light intensity distribution function after the filtering processThe mathematical expression of (2) is:
wherein K is a constant;
l is the distance between the linear array CCD and the glass sheet, Z is the position coordinate on the observation surface;
q is the equilibrium contact angle between the drop to be measured and the glass sheet.
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| CN111537399B (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2023-03-28 | 陕西科技大学 | Liquid surface tension measuring device and method based on light reflection |
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| CN109975182A (en) | 2019-07-05 |
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