CN109975182A - A kind of measurement of surface tension and measurement method for drop on vertical plate - Google Patents
A kind of measurement of surface tension and measurement method for drop on vertical plate Download PDFInfo
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- CN109975182A CN109975182A CN201910355378.6A CN201910355378A CN109975182A CN 109975182 A CN109975182 A CN 109975182A CN 201910355378 A CN201910355378 A CN 201910355378A CN 109975182 A CN109975182 A CN 109975182A
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005315 distribution function Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001444 catalytic combustion detection Methods 0.000 description 25
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002050 diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/02—Investigating surface tension of liquids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/02—Investigating surface tension of liquids
- G01N2013/0208—Investigating surface tension of liquids by measuring contact angle
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N13/00—Investigating surface or boundary effects, e.g. wetting power; Investigating diffusion effects; Analysing materials by determining surface, boundary, or diffusion effects
- G01N13/02—Investigating surface tension of liquids
- G01N2013/0283—Investigating surface tension of liquids methods of calculating surface tension
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- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of measurement of surface tension and measurement method for drop on vertical plate, including light source, sheet glass, line array CCD and computer;Light source is arranged in optical path for generating horizontal light beam, sheet glass as vertical plate, and sheet glass is arranged on a side surface of close to sources in drop to be measured, and drop to be measured is run through by light beam;Line array CCD and light source are separately positioned on the two sides of sheet glass, and line array CCD is correspondingly arranged with light source;Diffraction intensity after being transmitted drop to be measured using line array CCD acquisition light beam is distributed and is transmitted to computer;The present invention is arranged on vertical sheet glass by using by drop to be measured, by acquisition, the analysis to beam diffraction signal, and then obtains liquid surface tension coefficient, and sample to be tested is only drop in the present invention, and prepare liquid sampling is few, and equipment is simple, easy to operate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to physical quantity technical field, in particular to a kind of surface tension for drop on vertical plate is surveyed
Measure device and measurement method.
Background technique
The measurement of liquid surface tension coefficient is all critically important in many applied science and engineering field, and traditional measurement method has
Pulling escape, titration, capillary tube method, maximum bubble method etc.;In recent years, based on optical method for measuring surface tension coefficient
Technology is widely used, curved by the research wetted effect of collimated laser beam if laser reflecting method is based on geometric optics knowledge
The light field feature of bent liquid level reflection realizes the measurement of surface tension coefficient;Laser diffractometry is according to liquid surface capillary ripple to entering
The modulating action for penetrating laser beam realizes the measurement of surface tension coefficient by studying the diffraction fringe of reflection light field;Except this it
It is outer that there are also to wetting curved liquid surface imaging method and construct the measurement methods such as Fabry-Perot-type cavity based on Tabo effect.It is existing
Measuring method generally requires more sample to be tested, and laboratory apparatus is expensive, complicated for operation.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of stalagmometry for drop on vertical plate
Device and measurement method need more sample to be tested or skill complicated for operation to solve measuring method in the prior art
Art problem.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of measurement of surface tension for drop on vertical plate, including light source, sheet glass, line array CCD and calculating
Machine;For generating horizontal light beam, sheet glass is vertically arranged in optical path light source, and sheet glass is arranged in by close to sources in drop to be measured
On one side surface, drop to be measured is run through by light beam;Line array CCD and light source are separately positioned on the two sides of sheet glass, line array CCD and light
Source is correspondingly arranged;The light distribution of light beam after droplet surface phase-modulation to be measured is acquired using line array CCD and is transmitted to calculating
Machine.
Further, light source uses laser.
It further, further include measuring table, measuring table includes main running rail, first support and second support, main running rail
It is arranged along beam level, first support and second support are arranged on main running rail, and first support and second support can be along masters
Sliding rail sliding;Sheet glass is arranged in first support, and line array CCD is arranged on the secondary support bracket.
Further, first support include first support bar, connecting plate, the first knob, second support bar, the second knob and
Plate folder, the lower end of first support bar are vertically arranged on main running rail, and first support bar can be slided on main running rail;First
The upper end of strut and one end of connecting plate is vertical is fixedly connected, the first knob is arranged in the other end of connecting plate, second support bar
Lower end is vertically set on the first knob;The upper end of second support bar, plate folder and second is arranged in second knob vertical-horizontal
Knob connection;Sheet glass is mounted on plate folder.
Further, second support includes the first sliding rail, the second sliding rail and picking platform, and the first sliding rail is vertically arranged in main cunning
On rail, the first sliding rail can slide on main running rail;Second sliding rail is vertically set on the first sliding rail, and the second sliding rail can be
It is slided up and down on one sliding rail;Picking platform is arranged on the second sliding rail, and picking platform horizontal on the second sliding rail can slide, picking platform
Glide direction it is vertical with the glide direction of the first sliding rail and the second sliding rail;Line array CCD is fixed on picking platform.
Further, the spot diameter of light beam is greater than the maximum radius of drop to be measured.
The present invention also provides a kind of method for surface tension measurement for drop on vertical plate, comprising the following steps:
Drop to be measured is arranged in step 1 on the glass sheet;
Step 2 opens light source, adjusts the position of sheet glass, makes light beam through drop to be measured;
Step 3, adjustment line array CCD position, acquire the light distribution of the light beam after droplet surface phase-modulation to be measured;
Step 4 is filtered the light distribution of acquisition, all maximum of light distribution peak value after being filtered
The distance between position and maximum of points position of point;
Step 5, according to the spacing of the position and maximum of points position of all maximum points of light distribution peak value after filtering
From testing liquid surface tension coefficient is calculated.
Further, surface tension coefficient expression formula in step 5 are as follows:
Wherein, n is liquid refractivity, and λ is optical wavelength, and h is drop thickness, and z is the position of vertical direction, and ρ is that drop is close
Degree, g is acceleration of gravity;
xi+1For the i+1 peak position of function v (x), i=1,2,3 ..., function v (x) is square of Airy function;
x1For first peak position of function v (x), and this peak value is the maximum value of function v (x);
For the intensity distribution function after filtering processingI+1 peak position, i=1,2,3 ...;
For the intensity distribution function after filtering processingFirst peak position, and this peak value be filtering processing after
Intensity distribution functionMaximum value.
Further, the intensity distribution function after filtering processingMathematic(al) representation are as follows:
Wherein, K is constant;
L is the distance between line array CCD and sheet glass, and Z is the position coordinates on inspection surface;
Equilibrium contact angle of the θ between drop to be measured and sheet glass.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
A kind of measurement of surface tension for drop on vertical plate of the present invention, is arranged using by testing liquid vertical
On sheet glass, by the acquisition to beam diffraction signal, and then liquid surface tension coefficient is obtained, sample to be tested is only in the present invention
For drop, sample to be tested is few, and equipment is simple, easy to operate.
Further, it by being arranged sheet glass and line array CCD on measuring table, realizes to sheet glass and linear array
The real-time adjusting of CCD, it is ensured that the accuracy of measurement result.
The present invention also provides a kind of method for surface tension measurement for drop on vertical plate, by setting drop to be measured
It sets on the sheet glass of vertical direction, drop to be measured is carried out using light beam to utilize line array CCD and computer disposal through irradiation
It obtains by drop to be measured to the diffracted signal image after the phase-modulation of incident beam;By obtaining diffracted signal after filtering processing
Distance between the position and maximum of points position of all maximum points in image;According to Fourier Optics knowledge it is found that incidence
The phase-modulation of drop curved surface to be measured suffered by Beam Wave-Front may be considered the Fourier transformation of object function;According to object function
The diffracted light intensity on corresponding inspection surface that square is proportional to of Fourier transformation is distributed, and solves the coefficient of tension on testing liquid surface
Mathematic(al) representation, realize the solution to liquid surface tension coefficient to be measured;The present invention uses optical means, and measurement process is adopted
With contactless side, few to sample requirement, equipment is simple, strong operability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is measuring device overall structure diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is drop sectional view to be measured of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is heretofore described intensity distribution function and Airy function schematic diagram.
Wherein, 1 light source, 2 measuring tables, 3 sheet glass, 4 line array CCDs, 5 computers, 6 drops to be measured;21 main running rails, 22
One bracket, 23 second supports;211 first support bars, 222 connecting plates, 223 first knobs, 224 second support bars, 225 second rotations
Button, 226 plates folder, 231 first sliding rails, 232 second sliding rails, 233 picking platforms.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.It should be noted that attached drawing is adopted
With very simplified form and using non-accurate ratio, only to facilitate, lucidly aid in illustrating the embodiment of the present invention
Purpose.
With reference to shown in attached drawing 1, the present invention provides a kind of surface tension of liquid measuring devices for drop, including light source
1, measuring table 2, sheet glass 3, line array CCD 4 and computer 5,
Light source 1 uses laser for generating horizontal light beam, light source 1;Sheet glass 3 is vertically arranged in the optical path of light source 1,
Light source 1 and line array CCD 4 are separately positioned on the two sides of sheet glass 3;3 surface of sheet glass is arranged in drop 6 to be measured, and drop 6 to be measured is arranged
It is arranged in the side by close to sources 1, drop 6 to be measured is run through by light beam;Line array CCD 4 is corresponding with light source 1, utilizes line array CCD 4
Light distribution image after acquiring 6 surface phase-modulation of drop to be measured;The output end of line array CCD 4 is connected by cable and computer 5
It connects, the light distribution image of acquisition passes through cable transmission to computer 5.
Sheet glass 3 and line array CCD 4 are arranged on measuring table 2, and measuring table 2 includes main running rail 21, first support 22
With second support 23, main running rail 21 is arranged along beam level, and first support 22 and second support 23 are arranged on main running rail 21,
Sheet glass 3 is mounted on first support 22, realizes the adjustment to 3 position of sheet glass by first support 22;Line array CCD 4 is mounted on
In second support 23, is realized by second support 23 and the position of line array CCD 4 is adjusted;
First support 22 includes first support bar 221, connecting plate 222, the first knob 223, second support bar 224, second
Knob 225 and plate folder 226, the lower end of first support bar 221 is vertically arranged on main running rail 22, and first support bar 221 can
It is slided on main running rail 21;The upper end of first support bar 221 is vertical with one end of connecting plate 212 to be fixedly connected, connecting plate 222
The first knob 223 is arranged in the other end, and the lower end of second support bar 224 is vertically set on the first knob 225, passes through the first knob
225 realize the rotation to second support bar 224;The upper end of second support bar 214 is arranged in second knob, 225 vertical-horizontal, puts down
Plate folder 226 is connect with the second knob 225;Sheet glass 3 is mounted on plate folder 226;By first support bar 221 in main running rail 21
Sliding, realize and adjust sheet glass 3 and the distance between light source 1 and line array CCD 4;By adjusting the first knob 223 and second
Knob 225 realizes the angle adjusted between sheet glass 3 and light beam, it is ensured that sheet glass 3 and beam orthogonal in measurement process.
Second support 23 includes the first sliding rail 231, the second sliding rail 232 and picking platform 233, and the first sliding rail 231 is vertically arranged
On main running rail 21, the first sliding rail 231 can slide on main running rail 21;Second sliding rail 232 is vertically set on the first sliding rail 231
On, the second sliding rail 232 can slide up and down on the first sliding rail 231;Picking platform 233 is arranged on the second sliding rail 232, picking platform
233 horizontal on the second sliding rail 232 can slide, the glide direction of picking platform 233 and the first sliding rail 231 and the second sliding rail 232
Glide direction it is vertical;Line array CCD 4 is fixed on picking platform 233.
The present invention also provides a kind of liquid surface tension coefficient measurement methods for drop, comprising the following steps:
Drop 6 to be measured is arranged in step 1 on sheet glass 3.On sheet glass 3 be arranged drop when, by the way of trickle irrigation
Drip upper liquid in the surface of sheet glass 3, it is ensured that for drop in 3 surface-stable of sheet glass or slowly sliding, the volume of drop cannot be excessive.
Step 2 opens light source 1, adjusts the position of sheet glass 3, so that horizontal light beam is extended vertically through drop 6 to be measured and keeps steady
It is fixed;The spot diameter of light beam is greater than the maximum gauge of drop 6 to be measured, and light beam keeps the top half for being radiated at drop to be measured.
Step 3;4 position of line array CCD is adjusted, the light distribution of the light beam after 6 surface phase-modulation of drop to be measured is acquired.
Step 4 is filtered the light distribution of acquisition, according to i+1 striped in filtered light distribution
The spacing of peak position and first striped peak position;
Step 5, according between i+1 fringe peak position in filtered light distribution and first striped peak position
Away from the surface tension coefficient of testing liquid, the mathematic(al) representation of liquid surface tension coefficient is calculated are as follows:
Wherein, n is liquid refractivity, and λ is optical wavelength, and h is drop thickness, and z is the position of vertical direction, and ρ is that drop is close
Degree, g is acceleration of gravity;
xi+1For the i+1 peak position of function v (x), i=1,2,3 ..., function v (x) is square of Airy function;
x1For first peak position of function v (x), and this peak value is the maximum value of function v (x);
For the intensity distribution function after filtering processingI+1 peak position, i=1,2,3 ...;
For the intensity distribution function after filtering processingFirst peak position, and this peak value be filtering processing after
Intensity distribution functionMaximum value.
The wherein mathematic(al) representation of function v (x) are as follows:
V (x)=(Ai (x))2;
Wherein, Ai (x) is Airy function.
Intensity distribution function after filtering processingMathematic(al) representation are as follows:
Wherein, K is constant,L is the distance between line array CCD and sheet glass;
Z is the position coordinates on inspection surface, and θ is the equilibrium contact angle between liquid and sheet glass.
Computing Principle:
With reference to shown in attached drawing 2,3, the drop cross sectional to be measured positioned at the vertical glass sheet surface divided is reflection drop to be measured
The function of liquid thickness, the function can be obtained by solving Reynolds equation:
Wherein, h is the position that drop thickness z is vertical direction, and ρ is droplet density, and γ is surface tension coefficient, and g is weight
Power acceleration, θ are the equilibrium contact angles of drop and the surface of solids.
When light beam transmission is on drop, phase-modulation of the incident light wave by drop curved surface is incident according to Fourier Optics
The phase-modulation of drop curved surface suffered by light wave may be considered the Fourier transformation of object function, in the case where vertical incidence,
Object function is writeable are as follows:
Wherein n is liquid refractivity, and λ is optical wavelength,Therefore, intensity distribution function on corresponding inspection surface
Mathematical expression is expressed as:
Wherein, K is constant;L is the distance between line array CCD and sheet glass;Position coordinates on Z inspection surface.
Introduce function v (x)=(Ai (x))2, wherein Ai (x) is Airy function, and therefore, (3) formula is to v (x) coordinate transform
Result.
If i-th of peak position of function v (x) is xi(i=1,2,3 ...), maximum peak position are x1
Diffraction intensity distribution function on inspection surfaceThe peak position of i-th of striped be
Maximum peak position is
Therefore, the mathematic(al) representation of available liquid surface tension coefficient are as follows:
It is enlightenment with above-mentioned embodiment according to the present invention, through the above description, those skilled in the art are complete
Various changes and amendments can be carried out without departing from the scope of the technological thought of the present invention'.This invention it is technical
Range is not limited to the contents of the specification, it is necessary to which the technical scope thereof is determined according to the scope of the claim.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of measurement of surface tension for drop on vertical plate, which is characterized in that including light source (1), sheet glass
(3), line array CCD (4) and computer (5);For generating horizontal light beam, sheet glass (3) is vertically arranged in optical path light source (1),
On the side surface that sheet glass (3) lean on close to sources (1), drop (4) to be measured is run through by light beam for drop (6) setting to be measured;Linear array
CCD (4) and light source (1) are separately positioned on the two sides of sheet glass (3), and line array CCD (4) is correspondingly arranged with light source (1);Utilize linear array
CCD (4) acquires the light distribution of light beam after the phase-modulation of drop to be measured (6) surface and is transmitted to computer (5).
2. a kind of measurement of surface tension for drop on vertical plate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that light
Source (1) uses laser.
3. a kind of measurement of surface tension for drop on vertical plate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that also
Including measuring table (2), measuring table (2) includes main running rail (21), first support (22) and second support (23), main running rail
(21) it is arranged along beam level, first support (21) and second support (22) are arranged on main running rail (21), first support
(21) it can be slided along main running rail (21) with second support (22);Sheet glass (3) is arranged on first support (22), line array CCD
(4) it is arranged on second support (23).
4. a kind of measurement of surface tension for drop on vertical plate according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the
One bracket (22) includes first support bar (221), connecting plate (222), the first knob (223), second support bar (224), second
Knob (225) and plate folder (226), the lower end of first support bar (221) are vertically arranged on main running rail (22), first support bar
(221) it can be slided on main running rail (21);The upper end of first support bar (211) is vertical with one end of connecting plate (212) to be fixed
The first knob (223) are arranged in the other end of connection, connecting plate (222), and the lower end of second support bar (224) is vertically set on first
On knob (225);For the setting of second knob (225) vertical-horizontal in the upper end of second support bar (224), plate presss from both sides (226) and the
Two knobs (225) connection;Sheet glass (3) is mounted on plate folder (226).
5. a kind of measurement of surface tension for drop on vertical plate according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the
Two brackets (23) include that the first sliding rail (231), the second sliding rail (232) and picking platform (233), the first sliding rail (231) are vertically arranged
On main running rail (21), the first sliding rail (231) can slide on main running rail (21);Second sliding rail (232) is vertically set on
On one sliding rail (231), the second sliding rail (232) can slide up and down on the first sliding rail (231);Picking platform (233) setting is the
On two sliding rails (232), picking platform (233) horizontal on the second sliding rail (232) can be slided, the glide direction of picking platform (233)
It is vertical with the glide direction of the first sliding rail (231) and the second sliding rail (232);Line array CCD (4) is fixed at picking platform (233)
On.
6. a kind of measurement of surface tension for drop on vertical plate according to claim 1, which is characterized in that light
The spot diameter of beam is greater than the maximum radius of drop to be measured (6).
7. a kind of method for surface tension measurement for drop on vertical plate, which is characterized in that any one using claim 1-6
A kind of measurement of surface tension for drop on vertical plate described in, comprising the following steps:
Drop to be measured (6) are arranged in step 1 on the glass sheet;
Step 2 opens light source (1), adjusts the position of sheet glass (3), makes light beam through drop to be measured (6);
Step 3, adjustment line array CCD (4) position, acquire the light distribution of the light beam after the phase-modulation of drop to be measured (6) surface;
Step 4 is filtered the light distribution of acquisition, all maximum points of light distribution peak value after being filtered
The distance between position and maximum of points position;
Step 5, according to distance between the position and maximum of points position of all maximum points of light distribution peak value after filtering, meter
Calculation obtains testing liquid surface tension coefficient.
8. a kind of method for surface tension measurement for drop on vertical plate according to claim 7, which is characterized in that step
Surface tension coefficient expression formula in rapid 5 are as follows:
Wherein, n is liquid refractivity, and λ is optical wavelength, and h is drop thickness, and z is the position of vertical direction, and ρ is droplet density, g
It is acceleration of gravity;
xi+1For the i+1 peak position of function v (x), i=1,2,3 ..., function v (x) is square of Airy function;
x1For first peak position of function v (x), and this peak value is the maximum value of function v (x);
For the intensity distribution function after filtering processingI+1 peak position, i=1,2,3 ...;
For the intensity distribution function after filtering processingFirst peak position, and this peak value be filtering processing after light
Strong distribution functionMaximum value.
9. a kind of method for surface tension measurement for drop on vertical plate according to claim 8, which is characterized in that filter
Wave treated intensity distribution functionMathematic(al) representation are as follows:
Wherein, K is constant;
L is the distance between line array CCD and sheet glass, and Z is the position coordinates on inspection surface;
Equilibrium contact angle of the θ between drop to be measured and sheet glass.
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CN111537399A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-08-14 | 陕西科技大学 | Liquid surface tension measuring device and method based on light reflection |
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