CN112281035A - Preparation method of metal alloy with excellent comprehensive performance - Google Patents
Preparation method of metal alloy with excellent comprehensive performance Download PDFInfo
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- C22C21/12—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent
- C22C21/18—Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc
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- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
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Abstract
The invention relates to a metal alloy with excellent comprehensive performance. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: (1) preparing an aluminum lithium alloy ingot; (2) carrying out homogenization treatment; (3) rolling and cogging into plates after preheating; (4) quenching after solution treatment; (5) 6-pass rolling is carried out; (6) carrying out solid solution treatment again; (7) pre-stretching; (8) and (5) performing aging treatment to obtain the product. The metal alloy does not adopt expensive metal, has low cost, reduces the recrystallization volume fraction from 99.3 percent to 51.3 percent by the treatment of a specific preparation method, and has better comprehensive performance.
Description
The present application is a divisional application entitled "a processing method for suppressing recrystallization of an aluminum-lithium alloy" having application No. 201911162287.7.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a reprocessing method of alloy, in particular to a preparation method of metal alloy with excellent comprehensive performance.
Background
At present, the static recrystallization phenomenon in the solid solution process during the processing of the aluminum lithium alloy leads to the uneven structure, and the uneven structure deteriorates the mechanical properties and increases the mechanical anisotropy of the material. Therefore, in order to suppress the static recrystallization thereof to control the integral number of recrystallized grains, the addition of scandium (Sc) element is generally employed to suppress the recrystallization. However, metal Sc is very expensive and difficult to popularize. In addition, it is also industrially employed to perform a recovery annealing treatment between the hot deformation and the solution treatment to suppress the static recrystallization of the sheet during the solution treatment. However, the annealing treatment is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the effect is unstable. Because the thickness of the aluminum lithium alloy is very large during ingot casting, at least ten centimeters and several millimeters are remained after cogging, and the final alloy plate finished product is generally kept at the level of several millimeters, under the condition of large rolling reduction rate, the recovery annealing can not achieve the ideal effect, and the universality is not high. Therefore, it is highly desirable to develop a rework method capable of effectively suppressing the static recrystallization of the aluminum-lithium alloy material.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of a metal alloy with excellent comprehensive performance, which can greatly reduce the energy storage difference at two sides of a crystal boundary in an aluminum-lithium alloy matrix, thereby stably inhibiting the growth of recrystallization crystal nuclei and leading a plate to have better comprehensive performance.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a metal alloy having excellent overall properties, which is uniformly deformed and has a low recrystallized volume fraction, and which has better overall properties.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a preparation method of a metal alloy with excellent comprehensive performance sequentially comprises aluminum-lithium alloy ingot casting, homogenization treatment, hot rolling cogging, final solid solution, pre-stretching and artificial aging, and is characterized in that: the aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following chemical components: 2.7-2.8 wt%; li: 1.7-1.9 wt%; mg: 0.3-0.5 wt%; mn: 0.3-0.5 wt%; zn: 0.5-0.7 wt%; zr: 0.08-0.12 wt%; si: less than or equal to 0.05 wt%; fe is less than or equal to 0.07 wt%; the balance being aluminum; the steps of primary solid solution, quenching and multi-pass temperature-controlled hot rolling are sequentially carried out between the hot rolling cogging and the final solid solution; the primary solid solution is performed for 0.9-1.2 hours at 535-545 ℃ and then quenched; the multi-pass temperature-control hot rolling is specifically characterized in that the quenched aluminum-lithium alloy plate is preferably subjected to multi-pass rolling at 250-300 ℃, the number of rolling passes is 6, the reduction rate of each pass is 15-20%, the rolling speed is 4-8 m/min, and the total reduction rate is 62-75%.
The static recrystallization of the aluminum lithium alloy is mainly carried out by two steps of nucleation and growth. Coarse primary phase particles exist in an alloy matrix, when the alloy deforms, local strain regions can be formed around the particles, and the local strain regions serve as nucleation points for particle-induced recrystallization and are easy to generate recrystallization crystal nuclei; due to the dislocation energy storage difference of the deformation matrix inside and around the crystal nucleus, energy is provided for the growth of the crystal nucleus, and a serious static recrystallization phenomenon is generated during final solid solution.
In the traditional aluminum lithium alloy processing technology, after hot rolling and cogging, recrystallization annealing treatment needs to be carried out on the aluminum lithium alloy plate, so that the aluminum lithium alloy plate achieves the purpose of improving the rolling forming performance, and is beneficial to further deformation processing. The primary solid solution adopted by the invention replaces recrystallization annealing, so that the aim of recrystallization annealing is achieved, meanwhile, the aluminum lithium alloy plate is subjected to primary solid solution and quenching after hot rolling and cogging, precipitated phases in the material are mostly eliminated, and most of alloying elements enter a matrix in a solid solution manner, so that the aluminum lithium alloy forms a supersaturated solid solution state; then carrying out multi-pass temperature-controlled hot rolling, wherein in the rolling process, Cu element and Li element in the aluminum-lithium alloy form Al2The CuLi phase is preferentially and dynamically precipitated around the primary phase particles at a certain rate, the matrix strength around the primary phase particles is increased, the formation of local strain regions around the primary phase particles is inhibited, and the static recrystallization nucleation points are reduced, so that the static recrystallization tendency of the aluminum-lithium alloy sheet is reduced. Primary solid solution and quenching are combined with multi-pass temperature control hot rolling to eliminate a local strain area, so that the aluminum-lithium alloy plate is uniformly deformed, and the mesomorphism of a matrix is greatly reducedThe energy storage difference of two sides of the boundary inhibits the growth of recrystallization crystal nucleus.
Preferably, the artificial aging is specifically performed for 20-40 h at 160 ℃, and then the product is cooled to room temperature in an air cooling mode; the quenching medium is cold water at 25 ℃.
In the processing process, the processes of preliminary solution treatment, quenching and temperature-controlled hot rolling can be repeated, and the thickness of the aluminum-lithium alloy is adjusted to meet the actual requirement.
The metal alloy with excellent comprehensive performance is characterized by being prepared through the following steps in sequence:
(1) preparing an aluminum lithium alloy ingot by using a vacuum casting method, wherein the aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following chemical components: 2.7-2.8 wt%; li: 1.7-1.9 wt%; mg: 0.3-0.5 wt%; mn: 0.3-0.5 wt%; zn: 0.5-0.7 wt%; zr: 0.08-0.12 wt%; si: less than or equal to 0.05 wt%; fe is less than or equal to 0.07 wt%; the balance being aluminum;
(2) homogenizing the cast ingot at 510-530 ℃ for 70-80 h;
(3) preheating the homogenized aluminum-lithium alloy cast ingot at 420-460 ℃, preserving heat for 20-40 min, and then rolling and cogging to form a plate;
(4) carrying out solid solution treatment on the aluminum lithium alloy plate after cogging at 510-550 ℃ for 0.5-2 h, and then quenching with cold water at 25 ℃;
(5) rolling the quenched aluminum-lithium alloy plate at 150-350 ℃ for 5-8 times, wherein the reduction rate of each time is 15-20%, the total reduction rate is 55-83%, and the rolling speed is 4-8 m/min;
(6) carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum lithium alloy plate at 535-550 ℃ for 1-2 h;
(7) pre-stretching the aluminum-lithium alloy plate, wherein the stretching amount is 3-6%;
(8) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the stretched aluminum-lithium alloy plate, aging at 160 ℃ for 20-40 h, and cooling to room temperature in an air cooling mode to obtain the metal alloy with excellent comprehensive properties.
More preferably, the solid solution temperature in the solid solution treatment in the step (4) is 535 to 545 ℃ and the solid solution time is 0.9 to 1.2 hours; and (3) rolling the aluminum-lithium alloy plate in the step (5) at 250-300 ℃ for 6 times, wherein the total reduction rate is 62-75%.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a preparation method of a metal alloy with excellent comprehensive performance, which inhibits the occurrence of final solid solution recrystallization from nucleation and crystal nucleus growth, eliminates a local strain zone and reduces the recrystallization tendency of an aluminum-lithium alloy plate; because the precipitated phase is precipitated at a specific position at a specific speed, the aluminum lithium alloy is uniformly deformed, and the energy storage difference at two sides of a crystal boundary in a matrix is greatly reduced, so that the growth of a recrystallization crystal nucleus is stably inhibited, the recrystallization of the aluminum lithium alloy plate in the final solid solution process is remarkably controlled, and the plate has better comprehensive performance. The metal alloy with excellent comprehensive performance provided by the invention does not adopt expensive metal, is low in cost, and has better comprehensive performance, and the recrystallized volume fraction of the metal alloy is reduced from 99.3% to 51.3% by the treatment of a specific preparation method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of the surface microstructure and ODF of the metal alloy having excellent balance of properties in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a surface microstructure and an ODF cross-sectional view of an aluminum lithium alloy plate sample in comparative example 1.
Fig. 3 is a surface microstructure and an ODF cross-sectional view of an aluminum lithium alloy plate sample in comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, it should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make some insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention based on the above-mentioned disclosure.
Example 1
A metal alloy with excellent comprehensive performance is prepared by the following steps in sequence:
(1) preparing an aluminum lithium alloy ingot by using a vacuum casting method, wherein the prepared aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following chemical components: 2.7 wt%, Li: 1.8 wt%, Mg: 0.4 wt%, Mn: 0.4 wt%, Zn: 0.6 wt%, Zr: 0.1 wt% and the balance aluminum;
(2) homogenizing the cast ingot at 520 ℃ for 75 h;
(3) preheating the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment at 450 ℃, preserving heat for 20min, and then rolling and cogging to form a plate;
(4) carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum lithium alloy plate after cogging at 540 ℃ for 1 hour, and then quenching by using cold water at 25 ℃;
(5) rolling the quenched aluminum-lithium alloy plate at 250 ℃ for 6 times, wherein the rolling reduction of each time is 16%, the total rolling reduction is 65%, and the rolling speed is 6 m/min;
(6) carrying out final solid solution treatment on the aluminum lithium alloy plate subjected to multi-pass temperature-control hot rolling for 1h at 540 ℃;
(7) pre-stretching the aluminum lithium alloy plate subjected to final solid solution, wherein the stretching amount is 3%;
(8) and (3) aging the stretched aluminum-lithium alloy plate for 24 hours at 160 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature in an air cooling mode to obtain the metal alloy with excellent comprehensive properties.
Comparative example 1: compared with the embodiment 1, the comparative example 1 is that the aluminum lithium alloy plate is prepared by ordinary rolling after the processing steps of ingot casting, homogenization treatment, hot rolling cogging, recrystallization annealing, hot finish rolling, final solid solution, pre-stretching, aging treatment and the like are sequentially completed according to the traditional processing procedure, wherein the recrystallization annealing temperature is 500 ℃ and the time is 2 hours.
The recrystallized volume fraction of the aluminum-lithium alloy sheet processed in example 1 after final solution treatment is 51.3%, which is 48% lower than that of the aluminum-lithium alloy rolled sheet which is not subjected to primary solution treatment, quenching treatment and multi-pass temperature-control hot rolling combination treatment, and 47.4% lower than that of the aluminum-lithium alloy rolled sheet which is subjected to recovery annealing treatment.
Example 2
A metal alloy with excellent comprehensive performance is prepared by the following steps in sequence:
(1) preparing an aluminum lithium alloy ingot by using a vacuum casting method, wherein the prepared aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following chemical components: 2.8 wt%, Li: 1.9 wt%, Mg: 0.3 wt.%; mn: 0.5 wt%, Zn: 0.7 wt%, Zr: 0.08 wt%, Si: 0.05 wt%, Fe: 0.07 wt%, the balance being aluminum;
(2) homogenizing the cast ingot at 530 ℃ for 80 h;
(3) preheating the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment at 460 ℃, preserving heat for 40min, and then rolling and cogging to form a plate;
(4) carrying out solution treatment on the cogging aluminum lithium alloy plate for 2 hours at 510 ℃, and then quenching the plate by using cold water at 25 ℃;
(5) rolling the quenched aluminum-lithium alloy plate at 150 ℃ for 5 times, wherein the reduction rate of each time is 15%, the total reduction rate is 55%, and the rolling speed is 4 m/min;
(6) carrying out final solid solution on the aluminum lithium alloy plate subjected to multi-pass temperature control hot rolling, and carrying out solid solution treatment for 2h at 550 ℃;
(7) pre-stretching the aluminum lithium alloy plate subjected to multi-pass hot rolling, wherein the stretching amount is 5%;
(8) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the pre-stretched aluminum-lithium alloy plate, aging for 40h at 160 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature in an air cooling mode to obtain the metal alloy with excellent comprehensive properties.
The aluminum lithium alloy processed in example 2 had a recrystallized volume fraction of 55.6% after final quenching.
Comparative example 2: compared with the embodiment 1, the comparative example 2 sequentially completes the processing steps of ingot casting, homogenization treatment, hot rolling cogging, recrystallization annealing, hot final rolling, recovery annealing, final solid solution, pre-stretching, aging treatment and the like according to the traditional processing procedures, wherein the recrystallization annealing temperature is 500 ℃, the time is 2 hours, the recovery annealing temperature is 300 ℃, and the time is 2 hours.
Example 3
A metal alloy with excellent comprehensive performance is prepared by the following steps in sequence:
(1) preparing an aluminum lithium alloy ingot by using a vacuum casting method, wherein the prepared aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following chemical components: 2.7 wt%; li: 1.7 wt%; mg: 0.5 wt%; mn: 0.3 wt%; zn: 0.5 wt%; zr: 0.12 wt%, Si: 0.03 wt%, Fe: 0.04 wt%, the balance being aluminium;
(2) homogenizing the cast ingot at 510 ℃ for 70 h;
(3) preheating the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment at 420 ℃, preserving heat for 35min, and then rolling and cogging to form a plate;
(4) carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum lithium alloy plate after cogging for 0.5h at 550 ℃, and then quenching by cold water at 25 ℃;
(5) rolling the quenched aluminum-lithium alloy plate at 350 ℃ for 8 times, wherein the rolling reduction of each time is 20%, the total rolling reduction is 83%, and the rolling speed is 8 m/min;
(6) carrying out final solid solution on the aluminum lithium alloy plate subjected to multi-pass temperature-control hot rolling, and carrying out solid solution treatment for 1.5h at 535 ℃;
(7) pre-stretching the aluminum lithium alloy plate subjected to multi-pass hot rolling, wherein the stretching amount is 6%;
(8) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the pre-stretched aluminum-lithium alloy plate, aging at 160 ℃ for 20h, and cooling to room temperature in an air cooling mode.
The aluminum lithium alloy plate processed in the embodiment 3 has a recrystallization volume fraction of 54.7% after final solid solution.
The large-area detection is carried out on the aluminum lithium alloy plates after the final solution treatment of the example 1, the proportion 1 and the comparative example 2 by using an electron back scattering diffraction technology, and the recrystallization volume fraction is shown in the following table 1:
table 1:
as can be seen from Table 1, the aluminum-lithium alloy hot-rolled plate processed in example 1 has a significantly lower recrystallization volume fraction after final solution treatment than the aluminum-lithium alloy hot-rolled plate without any treatment, and the recrystallization volume fraction is greatly reduced. Comparative example 1 was not treated by any means, and the final solution treatment was only carried out for 10min, and the recrystallization volume fraction was as high as 99% or more. Comparative example 2 the separate recovery annealing mainly inhibits the growth of crystal nuclei, but the aluminum lithium alloy is usually added with zirconium element which mainly forms dispersed phases in a matrix, the dispersed phases can pin dislocations in the recovery annealing process, and the capability of the recovery annealing for eliminating dislocation energy storage is limited, so that the effect of the recovery annealing is not ideal, and the effect of inhibiting recrystallization is not stable. In addition, in the rolling process, the recovery annealing basically does not play any role due to excessive rolling deformation. Therefore, the method adopts a combination mode of primary solid solution, quenching and multi-pass temperature control hot rolling, so that the final solid solution recrystallization of the aluminum-lithium alloy plate is more effectively inhibited, and the recrystallization phenomenon of the aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate during final solid solution treatment is obviously inhibited.
Most of the crystal grains of the aluminum-lithium alloy plate prepared by the method combining primary solution treatment and quenching with multi-pass temperature-controlled hot rolling in the embodiment 1 of the invention are still in an unrecrystallized state after final solution treatment, as shown in fig. 1 a; after the final solution treatment, the crystallographic texture is still the typical aluminum lithium alloy deformation texture, and the crystallographic orientation is mainly the non-recrystallized orientation, as shown in fig. 1 b. Whereas after the final solution treatment of the normally rolled aluminum-lithium alloy sheet, complete recrystallization has occurred, as shown in fig. 2 a; the crystallographic texture after the final solution treatment is a typical aluminum lithium alloy recrystallization texture, with the crystallographic orientation dominated by the recrystallization orientation, as shown in fig. 2 b. After the aluminum lithium alloy plate treated by the recovery annealing is subjected to final solution treatment, serious recrystallization occurs, and the situation is basically the same as that of the aluminum lithium alloy plate subjected to the common rolling. As can be seen from fig. 1a, 2a and 3a, the aluminum lithium alloy sheets processed according to comparative examples 1 and 2 showed large white crystalline regions, while the recrystallized fraction of the aluminum lithium alloy sheets processed according to the present invention was greatly reduced to show gray non-crystalline regions.
Claims (3)
1. A preparation method of a metal alloy with excellent comprehensive performance sequentially comprises aluminum-lithium alloy ingot casting, homogenization treatment, hot rolling cogging, final solid solution, pre-stretching and artificial aging, and is characterized in that: the aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following chemical components: 2.7-2.8 wt%; li: 1.7-1.9 wt%; mg: 0.3-0.5 wt%; mn: 0.3-0.5 wt%; zn: 0.5-0.7 wt%; zr: 0.08-0.12 wt%; si: less than or equal to 0.05 wt%; fe is less than or equal to 0.07 wt%, and the balance is aluminum; the steps of primary solid solution, quenching and multi-pass temperature-controlled hot rolling are sequentially carried out between the hot rolling cogging and the final solid solution; the primary solid solution is performed for 0.9-1.2 hours at 535-545 ℃ and then quenched; the multi-pass temperature-control hot rolling is specifically characterized in that the quenched aluminum-lithium alloy plate is preferably subjected to multi-pass rolling at 250-300 ℃, the number of rolling passes is 6, the reduction rate of each pass is 15-20%, the rolling speed is 4-8 m/min, and the total reduction rate is 62-75%.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the metal alloy has excellent balance of properties, and the method comprises the steps of: the artificial aging is specifically carried out for 20-40 h at 160 ℃, and then the product is cooled to room temperature in an air cooling mode; the quenching medium is cold water at 25 ℃.
3. The metal alloy with excellent comprehensive performance is characterized by being prepared through the following steps in sequence:
(1) preparing an aluminum lithium alloy ingot by using a vacuum casting method, wherein the aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following chemical components: 2.7-2.8 wt%; li: 1.7-1.9 wt%; mg: 0.3-0.5 wt%; mn: 0.3-0.5 wt%; zn: 0.5-0.7 wt%; zr: 0.08-0.12 wt%; si: less than or equal to 0.05 wt%; fe is less than or equal to 0.07 wt%; the balance being aluminum;
(2) homogenizing the cast ingot at 510-530 ℃ for 70-80 h;
(3) preheating the homogenized aluminum-lithium alloy cast ingot at 420-460 ℃, preserving heat for 20-40 min, and then rolling and cogging to form a plate;
(4) carrying out solid solution treatment on the aluminum lithium alloy plate after cogging for 0.9-1.2 h at 535-545 ℃, and then quenching by using cold water at 25 ℃;
(5) rolling the quenched aluminum-lithium alloy plate at 250-300 ℃ for 6 times, wherein the pressing rate of each time is 15-20%, the total pressing rate is 62-75%, and the rolling rate is 4-8 m/min;
(6) carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum lithium alloy plate at 535-550 ℃ for 1-2 h;
(7) pre-stretching the aluminum-lithium alloy plate, wherein the stretching amount is 3-6%;
(8) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the stretched aluminum-lithium alloy plate, aging at 160 ℃ for 20-40 h, and cooling to room temperature in an air cooling mode to obtain the aluminum-lithium alloy plate.
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| CN113215423A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-08-06 | 中南大学 | High-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN117004894A (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2023-11-07 | 重庆文理学院 | Efficient aluminum-lithium alloy aging method based on dynamic strain precipitation |
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| CN112410691B (en) * | 2020-11-10 | 2021-12-24 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Annealing process of aluminum-lithium alloy material |
| CN112831736A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-25 | 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 | Two-stage homogenization annealing process of aluminum-lithium alloy |
| CN113718096B (en) * | 2021-09-08 | 2023-11-21 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Preparation process of high-comprehensive-performance aluminum-lithium alloy plate |
| CN115433888B (en) * | 2022-08-18 | 2023-06-13 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Thermomechanical treatment method for aluminum lithium alloy medium plate |
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| RU2015145771A (en) * | 2014-10-26 | 2017-04-27 | КАЙЗЕР АЛЮМИНУМ ФАБРИКЕЙТЕД ПРОДАКТС, ЭлЭлСи | ALUMINUM-LITHIUM ALLOYS WITH HIGH STRENGTH, HIGH DEFORMABILITY AND LOW COST |
| CN110423966A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-11-08 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of preparation process improving aluminium lithium alloy product comprehensive performance |
| CN110331351A (en) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-10-15 | 中南大学 | A kind of preparation method of Al-Cu-Li system aluminium lithium alloy plate |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113215423A (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2021-08-06 | 中南大学 | High-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113215423B (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-07-08 | 中南大学 | High-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN117004894A (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2023-11-07 | 重庆文理学院 | Efficient aluminum-lithium alloy aging method based on dynamic strain precipitation |
| CN117004894B (en) * | 2023-08-09 | 2024-06-04 | 重庆文理学院 | Efficient aluminum-lithium alloy aging method based on dynamic strain precipitation |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN112281035B (en) | 2021-07-27 |
| CN110791720A (en) | 2020-02-14 |
| CN110791720B (en) | 2020-11-24 |
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