CN110791720B - Processing method for inhibiting recrystallization of aluminum-lithium alloy - Google Patents
Processing method for inhibiting recrystallization of aluminum-lithium alloy Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A processing method for inhibiting subsequent recrystallization of an aluminum-lithium alloy sequentially comprises ingot casting, homogenization treatment, hot rolling cogging, final solid solution, pre-stretching and artificial aging, and is characterized in that: the steps of primary solid solution, quenching and multi-pass temperature-controlled hot rolling are sequentially carried out between the hot rolling cogging and the solid solution; the primary solid solution is performed for 0.5-2 hours at 510-550 ℃, and then quenching is performed; the multi-pass temperature-control hot rolling is to perform multi-pass rolling on the quenched aluminum-lithium alloy plate at 150-350 ℃, and the total reduction rate is 55-83%. The processing method for inhibiting the subsequent recrystallization of the aluminum lithium alloy inhibits the final solid solution recrystallization from nucleation and crystal nucleus growth, eliminates a local strain region and reduces the recrystallization tendency of the plate of the aluminum lithium alloy; the aluminum lithium alloy is uniformly deformed, and the energy storage difference at two sides of the crystal boundary in the matrix is greatly reduced, so that the growth of the recrystallization crystal nucleus is stably inhibited. So that the plate has better comprehensive performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum lithium alloy processing, and particularly relates to a processing method for inhibiting recrystallization of an aluminum lithium alloy.
Background
Aluminum lithium alloys are considered ideal structural materials in the aerospace industry due to their high specific strength, high specific stiffness, and excellent low temperature properties. The density of the alloy can be reduced by 3% and the elastic modulus can be increased by 6% for each 1% of the lithium content added to the aluminum-lithium alloy. The aluminum lithium alloy is used for replacing the conventional aluminum alloy, so that the mass of the structural part can be reduced by 15%, and the rigidity can be improved by 15% -20%. Compared with the previous two generations of aluminum-lithium alloys, the third generation of aluminum-lithium alloys has smaller anisotropy, higher thermal stability, corrosion resistance and damage tolerance. Novel aluminum-lithium alloys such as 2196, 2099, 2199 and the like are used for structural components such as skins, wing cross beams, floor beams, seat slide rails, cabins and the like of the airbus 380. The bodies of domestic C919 large passenger aircraft, Boeing next generation B777-X passenger aircraft and Russian next generation narrow passenger aircraft MS-21 are made of a large amount of novel aluminum-lithium alloy.
During the processing of the aluminum lithium alloy, the static recrystallization phenomenon in the solid solution process can cause the structural nonuniformity of the section, and the structural nonuniformity can deteriorate the mechanical properties of the material and also can increase the mechanical anisotropy of the plate or the section. Therefore, it is generally required to suppress the static recrystallization phenomenon of the sheet or the shaped material during the solid solution process and to control the recrystallization volume fraction. Generally, Sc element can be used for inhibiting recrystallization, but metal Sc is very expensive, so that the popularization and the application of the metal Sc are limited. It is common practice in the industry to employ a single recovery anneal between hot deformation and solution treatment to inhibit to some extent the static recrystallization process of the sheet during solution treatment. However, the annealing treatment is time-consuming and labor-consuming, and the effect is not stable. Because the thickness of the aluminum lithium alloy is very large when the aluminum lithium alloy is cast into a ingot, the aluminum lithium alloy can reach at least ten centimeters and several millimeters after cogging, and the final alloy plate finished product is generally kept at the level of several millimeters, and under the condition of high rolling reduction rate, the recovery annealing can not achieve the ideal effect and has no universality.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a processing method for inhibiting subsequent recrystallization of an aluminum lithium alloy. The static recrystallization of the aluminum lithium alloy material is inhibited from the aspect of processing technology.
The purpose of the invention is realized according to the following technical scheme:
a processing method for inhibiting subsequent recrystallization of an aluminum-lithium alloy sequentially comprises ingot casting of the aluminum-lithium alloy, homogenization treatment, hot rolling cogging, final solid solution, pre-stretching and artificial aging, and is characterized in that: the steps of primary solid solution, quenching and multi-pass temperature-controlled hot rolling are sequentially carried out between the hot rolling cogging and the final solid solution; the primary solid solution is performed for 0.5-2 hours at 510-550 ℃, and then quenching is performed; the multi-pass temperature-control hot rolling is to perform multi-pass rolling on the quenched aluminum-lithium alloy plate at 150-350 ℃, and the total reduction rate is 55-83%.
The static recrystallization of the aluminum lithium alloy is mainly carried out by two steps of nucleation and growth. Coarse primary phase particles exist in an alloy matrix, when the alloy deforms, local strain regions can be formed around the particles, and the local strain regions serve as nucleation points for particle-induced recrystallization and are easy to generate recrystallization crystal nuclei; due to the dislocation energy storage difference of the deformation matrix inside and around the crystal nucleus, energy is provided for the growth of the crystal nucleus, and a serious static recrystallization phenomenon is generated during final solid solution.
In the traditional aluminum lithium alloy processing technology, after hot rolling and cogging, recrystallization annealing treatment needs to be carried out on the aluminum lithium alloy plate, so that the aluminum lithium alloy plate achieves the purpose of improving the rolling forming performance, and is beneficial to further deformation processing. The primary solid solution adopted by the invention replaces recrystallization annealing, so that the aim of recrystallization annealing is achieved, meanwhile, the aluminum lithium alloy plate is subjected to primary solid solution and quenching after hot rolling and cogging, precipitated phases in the material are mostly eliminated, and most of alloying elements enter a matrix in a solid solution manner, so that the aluminum lithium alloy forms a supersaturated solid solution state; then carrying out multi-pass temperature-controlled hot rolling, wherein in the rolling process, Cu element and Li element in the aluminum-lithium alloy form Al2The CuLi phase is preferentially and dynamically precipitated around the primary phase particles at a certain rate, the matrix strength around the primary phase particles is increased, the formation of local strain regions around the primary phase particles is inhibited, and the static recrystallization nucleation points are reduced, so that the static recrystallization tendency of the aluminum-lithium alloy sheet is reduced. The primary solid solution and quenching are combined with multi-pass temperature control hot rolling to eliminate a local strain area, so that the aluminum-lithium alloy plate is uniformly deformed, and the energy storage difference of two sides of a crystal boundary in a matrix is greatly reduced, thereby inhibiting the growth of a recrystallization crystal nucleus.
Preferably, the solid solution temperature in the primary solid solution is 535-545 ℃ and the solid solution time is 0.9-1.2 hours.
Further, the quenching medium is cold water at 25 ℃.
Preferably, the temperature of the multi-pass temperature-controlled hot rolling is 250-300 ℃.
Furthermore, the rolling speed of the multi-pass temperature-controlled hot rolling is 4-8 m/min.
Furthermore, the rolling passes of the multi-pass temperature-control hot rolling are 5-8 passes, and the reduction rate of each pass is 15-20%.
Preferably, the rolling passes are 6 passes, and the total reduction ratio is 62% to 75%.
Further, the artificial aging treatment is specifically aging at 160 ℃ for 20-40 h, and then cooling to room temperature in an air cooling mode.
Further, the aluminum-lithium alloy is a third generation aluminum-lithium alloy.
Preferably, the aluminum lithium alloy has an alloy chemical composition of Cu: 2.7-2.8 wt%; li: 1.7-1.9 wt%; mg: 0.3-0.5 wt%; mn: 0.3-0.5 wt%; zn: 0.5-0.7 wt%; zr: 0.08-0.12 wt%; si: less than or equal to 0.05 wt%; fe is less than or equal to 0.07 wt%; the balance being aluminum.
Specifically, the processing method for inhibiting the subsequent recrystallization of the aluminum lithium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) preparing an aluminum lithium alloy ingot by using a vacuum casting method, wherein the aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following chemical components: 2.7-2.8 wt%; li: 1.7-1.9 wt%; mg: 0.3-0.5 wt%; mn: 0.3-0.5 wt%; zn: 0.5-0.7 wt%; zr: 0.08-0.12 wt%; si: less than or equal to 0.05 wt%; fe is less than or equal to 0.07 wt%; the balance being aluminum;
(2) homogenizing the cast ingot at 510-530 ℃ for 70-80 h;
(3) preheating the homogenized cast ingot at 420-460 ℃, preserving heat for 20-40 min, and then rolling and cogging to form a plate;
(4) carrying out solid solution treatment on the aluminum lithium alloy plate after cogging at 510-550 ℃ for 0.5-2 h, and then quenching with cold water at 25 ℃;
(5) rolling the quenched aluminum-lithium alloy plate at 150-350 ℃ for 5-8 times, wherein the reduction rate of each time is 15-20%, the total reduction rate is 55-83%, and the rolling speed is 4-8 m/min;
(6) carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum lithium alloy plate at 535-550 ℃ for 1-2 h;
(7) pre-stretching the aluminum-lithium alloy plate, wherein the stretching amount is 3-6%;
(8) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the stretched aluminum-lithium alloy plate, aging at 160 ℃ for 20-40 h, and cooling to room temperature in an air cooling mode.
In the processing process, the processes of preliminary solution treatment, quenching and temperature-controlled hot rolling can be repeated, and the thickness of the aluminum-lithium alloy is adjusted to meet the actual requirement.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the processing method for inhibiting the subsequent recrystallization of the aluminum-lithium alloy does not adopt expensive metal, has low cost, inhibits the final solid solution recrystallization from nucleation and crystal nucleus growth, eliminates a local strain region, and reduces the recrystallization tendency of the aluminum-lithium alloy plate; because the precipitated phase is precipitated at a specific position at a specific rate, the aluminum-lithium alloy deforms uniformly, the energy storage difference at two sides of a crystal boundary in the matrix is greatly reduced, and the growth of a recrystallization crystal nucleus is stably inhibited. The recrystallization volume fraction of the aluminum lithium alloy plate in the final solid solution process is remarkably controlled to be reduced from 99.3 percent to 51.3 percent. So that the plate has better comprehensive performance.
Drawings
FIG. 1: surface microstructure and ODF cross-sectional view of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2: surface microstructure and ODF cross-sectional view of comparative example 1;
FIG. 3: surface microstructure and ODF cross-sectional view of comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below by way of examples, it should be noted that the following examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make some insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention based on the above-mentioned disclosure.
Example 1
(1) And preparing an aluminum lithium alloy ingot by using a vacuum casting method, wherein the prepared aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following chemical components: 2.7 wt%, Li: 1.8 wt%, Mg: 0.4 wt%, Mn: 0.4 wt%, Zn: 0.6 wt%, Zr: 0.1 wt% and the balance aluminum;
(2) homogenizing the cast ingot at 520 ℃ for 75 h;
(3) preheating the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment at 450 ℃, preserving heat for 20min, and then rolling and cogging to form a plate;
(4) carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum lithium alloy plate after cogging at 540 ℃ for 1 hour, and then quenching by using cold water at 25 ℃;
(5) rolling the quenched aluminum-lithium alloy plate at 250 ℃ for 6 times, wherein the rolling reduction of each time is 16%, the total rolling reduction is 65%, and the rolling speed is 6 m/min;
(6) carrying out final solid solution treatment on the aluminum lithium alloy plate subjected to multi-pass temperature-control hot rolling for 1h at 540 ℃;
(7) pre-stretching the aluminum lithium alloy plate subjected to final solid solution, wherein the stretching amount is 3%;
(8) and (3) aging the stretched aluminum-lithium alloy plate for 24 hours at 160 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature in an air cooling mode.
Comparative example 1: compared with the embodiment 1, the comparative example 1 is that the aluminum lithium alloy plate is prepared by ordinary rolling after the processing steps of ingot casting, homogenization treatment, hot rolling cogging, recrystallization annealing, hot finish rolling, final solid solution, pre-stretching, aging treatment and the like are sequentially completed according to the traditional processing procedure, wherein the recrystallization annealing temperature is 500 ℃ and the time is 2 hours.
The recrystallized volume fraction of the aluminum-lithium alloy sheet processed in example 1 after final solution treatment is 51.3%, which is 48% lower than that of the aluminum-lithium alloy rolled sheet which is not subjected to primary solution treatment, quenching treatment and multi-pass temperature-control hot rolling combination treatment, and 47.4% lower than that of the aluminum-lithium alloy rolled sheet which is subjected to recovery annealing treatment.
Example 2
A processing method for inhibiting subsequent recrystallization of an aluminum-lithium alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) and preparing an aluminum lithium alloy ingot by using a vacuum casting method, wherein the prepared aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following chemical components: 2.8 wt%, Li: 1.9 wt%, Mg: 0.3 wt.%; mn: 0.5 wt%, Zn: 0.7 wt%, Zr: 0.08 wt%, Si: 0.05 wt%, Fe: 0.07 wt%, the balance being aluminum;
(2) homogenizing the cast ingot at 530 ℃ for 80 h;
(3) preheating the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment at 460 ℃, preserving heat for 40min, and then rolling and cogging to form a plate;
(4) carrying out solution treatment on the cogging aluminum-lithium alloy plate at 510 ℃ for 2 hours, and then quenching the plate by using cold water at 25 ℃;
(5) rolling the quenched aluminum-lithium alloy plate at 150 ℃ for 5 times, wherein the reduction rate of each time is 15%, the total reduction rate is 55%, and the rolling speed is 4 m/min;
(6) carrying out final solid solution on the aluminum lithium alloy plate subjected to multi-pass temperature control hot rolling, and carrying out solid solution treatment for 2h at 550 ℃;
(7) pre-stretching the aluminum lithium alloy plate subjected to multi-pass hot rolling, wherein the stretching amount is 5%;
(8) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the pre-stretched aluminum lithium alloy plate, aging for 40h at 160 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature in an air cooling mode.
The aluminum lithium alloy processed in example 2 had a recrystallized volume fraction of 55.6% after final quenching.
Comparative example 2: compared with the embodiment 1, the comparative example 2 sequentially completes the processing steps of ingot casting, homogenization treatment, hot rolling cogging, recrystallization annealing, hot final rolling, recovery annealing, final solid solution, pre-stretching, aging treatment and the like according to the traditional processing procedures, wherein the recrystallization annealing temperature is 500 ℃, the time is 2 hours, the recovery annealing temperature is 300 ℃, and the time is 2 hours.
Example 3
A processing method for inhibiting subsequent recrystallization of an aluminum-lithium alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) and preparing an aluminum lithium alloy ingot by using a vacuum casting method, wherein the prepared aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following chemical components: 2.7 wt%; li: 1.7 wt%; mg: 0.5 wt%; mn: 0.3 wt%; zn: 0.5 wt%; zr: 0.12 wt%, Si: 0.03 wt%, Fe: 0.04 wt%, the balance being aluminium;
(2) homogenizing the cast ingot at 510 ℃ for 70 h;
(3) preheating the cast ingot after the homogenization treatment at 420 ℃, preserving heat for 35min, and then rolling and cogging to form a plate;
(4) carrying out solution treatment on the cogging aluminum-lithium alloy plate at 550 ℃ for 0.5h, and then quenching the plate with cold water at 25 ℃;
(5) rolling the quenched aluminum-lithium alloy plate at 350 ℃ for 8 times, wherein the rolling reduction of each time is 20%, the total rolling reduction is 83%, and the rolling speed is 8 m/min;
(6) carrying out final solid solution on the aluminum lithium alloy plate subjected to multi-pass temperature-control hot rolling, and carrying out solid solution treatment for 1.5h at 535 ℃;
(7) pre-stretching the aluminum lithium alloy plate subjected to multi-pass hot rolling, wherein the stretching amount is 6%;
(8) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the pre-stretched aluminum-lithium alloy plate, aging at 160 ℃ for 20h, and cooling to room temperature in an air cooling mode.
The aluminum lithium alloy plate processed in the embodiment 3 has a recrystallization volume fraction of 54.7% after final solid solution.
The large-area detection is carried out on the aluminum lithium alloy plates after the final solution treatment of the example 1, the proportion 1 and the comparative example 2 by using an electron back scattering diffraction technology, and the recrystallization volume fraction is shown in the following table 1:
table 1:
as can be seen from Table 1, the aluminum-lithium alloy hot-rolled plate processed in example 1 has a significantly lower recrystallization volume fraction after final solution treatment than the aluminum-lithium alloy hot-rolled plate without any treatment, and the recrystallization volume fraction is greatly reduced. Comparative example 1 was not treated by any means, and the final solution treatment was only carried out for 10min, and the recrystallization volume fraction was as high as 99% or more. Comparative example 2 the separate recovery annealing mainly inhibits the growth of crystal nuclei, but the aluminum lithium alloy is usually added with zirconium element which mainly forms dispersed phases in a matrix, the dispersed phases can pin dislocations in the recovery annealing process, and the capability of the recovery annealing for eliminating dislocation energy storage is limited, so that the effect of the recovery annealing is not ideal, and the effect of inhibiting recrystallization is not stable. In addition, in the rolling process, the recovery annealing basically does not play any role due to excessive rolling deformation. Therefore, the method adopts a combination mode of primary solid solution, quenching and multi-pass temperature control hot rolling, so that the final solid solution recrystallization of the aluminum-lithium alloy plate is more effectively inhibited, and the recrystallization phenomenon of the aluminum-lithium alloy hot rolled plate during final solid solution treatment is obviously inhibited.
Most of the crystal grains of the aluminum-lithium alloy plate prepared by the method combining primary solution treatment and quenching with multi-pass temperature-controlled hot rolling in the embodiment 1 of the invention are still in an unrecrystallized state after final solution treatment, as shown in fig. 1 a; after the final solution treatment, the crystallographic texture is still the typical aluminum lithium alloy deformation texture, and the crystallographic orientation is mainly the non-recrystallized orientation, as shown in fig. 1 b. Whereas after the final solution treatment of the normally rolled aluminum-lithium alloy sheet, complete recrystallization has occurred, as shown in fig. 2 a; the crystallographic texture after the final solution treatment is a typical aluminum lithium alloy recrystallization texture, with the crystallographic orientation dominated by the recrystallization orientation, as shown in fig. 2 b. After the aluminum lithium alloy plate treated by the recovery annealing is subjected to final solution treatment, serious recrystallization occurs, and the situation is basically the same as that of the aluminum lithium alloy plate subjected to the common rolling. As can be seen from fig. 1a, 2a and 3a, the aluminum lithium alloy sheets processed according to comparative examples 1 and 2 showed large white crystalline regions, while the recrystallized fraction of the aluminum lithium alloy sheets processed according to the present invention was greatly reduced to show gray non-crystalline regions.
Claims (5)
1. A processing method for inhibiting subsequent recrystallization of an aluminum-lithium alloy sequentially comprises ingot casting of the aluminum-lithium alloy, homogenization treatment, hot rolling cogging, final solid solution, pre-stretching and artificial aging, and is characterized in that: the steps of primary solid solution, quenching and multi-pass temperature-controlled hot rolling are sequentially carried out between the hot rolling cogging and the final solid solution; the primary solid solution is performed for 0.5-2 hours at 510-550 ℃, and then quenching is performed; the multi-pass temperature-control hot rolling is specifically characterized in that the quenched aluminum-lithium alloy plate is subjected to multi-pass rolling at the temperature of 150-350 ℃, the number of rolling passes is 5-8, the reduction rate of each pass is 15-20%, the rolling speed is 4-8 m/min, and the total reduction rate is 55-83%.
2. The processing method for inhibiting subsequent recrystallization of an aluminum-lithium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the temperature of the solution treatment in the primary solution treatment is 535-545 ℃, and the solution time is 0.9-1.2 hours.
3. The processing method for suppressing subsequent recrystallization of an aluminum-lithium alloy as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the artificial aging is specifically performed for 20-40 h at 160 ℃, and then the product is cooled to room temperature in an air cooling mode.
4. The processing method for inhibiting subsequent recrystallization of an aluminum-lithium alloy as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following chemical components: 2.7-2.8 wt%; li: 1.7-1.9 wt%; mg: 0.3-0.5 wt%; mn: 0.3-0.5 wt%; zn: 0.5-0.7 wt%; zr: 0.08-0.12 wt%; si: less than or equal to 0.05 wt%; fe is less than or equal to 0.07 wt%; the balance being aluminum.
5. A processing method for inhibiting subsequent recrystallization of an aluminum-lithium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) preparing an aluminum lithium alloy ingot by using a vacuum casting method, wherein the aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following chemical components: 2.7-2.8 wt%; li: 1.7-1.9 wt%; mg: 0.3-0.5 wt%; mn: 0.3-0.5 wt%; zn: 0.5-0.7 wt%; zr: 0.08-0.12 wt%; si: less than or equal to 0.05 wt%; fe is less than or equal to 0.07 wt%; the balance being aluminum;
(2) homogenizing the cast ingot at 510-530 ℃ for 70-80 h;
(3) preheating the homogenized aluminum-lithium alloy cast ingot at 420-460 ℃, preserving heat for 20-40 min, and then rolling and cogging to form a plate;
(4) carrying out solid solution treatment on the cogging aluminum lithium alloy plate at 510-550 ℃ for 0.5-2 hours, and then quenching the aluminum lithium alloy plate by using cold water at 25 ℃;
(5) rolling the quenched aluminum-lithium alloy plate at 150-350 ℃ for 5-8 times, wherein the total rolling reduction rate is 55-83%, and the rolling speed is 4-8 m/min;
(6) carrying out solution treatment on the aluminum lithium alloy plate at 535-550 ℃ for 1-2 h;
(7) pre-stretching the aluminum-lithium alloy plate, wherein the stretching amount is 3-6%;
(8) and (3) carrying out aging treatment on the stretched aluminum-lithium alloy plate, aging at 160 ℃ for 20-40 h, and cooling to room temperature in an air cooling mode.
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| CN112831736A (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-05-25 | 西南铝业（集团）有限责任公司 | Two-stage homogenization annealing process of aluminum-lithium alloy |
| CN113215423B (en) * | 2021-04-16 | 2022-07-08 | 中南大学 | High-strength damage-resistant aluminum-lithium alloy and preparation method and application thereof |
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| JP2017125240A (en) * | 2016-01-14 | 2017-07-20 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Aluminum alloy structural member, manufacturing method thereof, and aluminum alloy sheet |
| EP3521467A1 (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2019-08-07 | Kaiser Aluminum Fabricated Products, LLC | A low cost, low density, substantially ag-free and zn-free aluminum-lithium plate alloy for aerospace application |
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