CN115433888B - Thermomechanical treatment method for aluminum lithium alloy medium plate - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a thermomechanical treatment method of an aluminum lithium alloy medium plate, and belongs to the technical field of metal material preparation. The invention solves the problems of unstable performance, poor mechanical property and poor corrosion resistance of the traditional aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate. According to the invention, the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate is subjected to heat treatment by adopting the procedures of solution, quenching, multi-pass asynchronous rolling pre-deformation, high-temperature short-time annealing and artificial aging, and the obtained aluminum lithium alloy medium plate has high strength and high corrosion resistance. According to the invention, a continuous room-temperature asynchronous cold rolling pre-deformation process is introduced before artificial aging, so that cracking does not occur in rolling of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate, meanwhile, grains are refined through high-temperature short-time annealing, and a non-complete recrystallization structure is introduced, so that the grain structure of the plate in the thickness direction is more uniform, the effect of fine grain strengthening is achieved, the dispersed precipitation of a precipitated phase in the subsequent aging process is ensured, and the alloy strength and corrosion resistance can be better improved compared with the traditional heat treatment process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a thermomechanical treatment method of an aluminum lithium alloy medium plate, and belongs to the technical field of metal material preparation.
Background
Modern aerospace industry pays attention to low energy consumption and high efficiency, and therefore, has requirements for light weight and high strength of structural materials. The aluminum-lithium alloy is considered as an aluminum alloy material with great potential and competitiveness due to the characteristics of low density, high strength and toughness, high specific modulus, high damage resistance and the like, and the third-generation aluminum-lithium alloy can reduce the weight of a component by 10-15 percent and improve the rigidity by 15-20 percent at the same time when replacing the traditional aluminum alloy, so that the comprehensive service performance and the competitiveness of the aviation aluminum alloy are improved.
The high alloying and complex component design of the aluminum-lithium alloy make each performance potential of the aluminum-lithium alloy extremely high, but also make the structure evolution of the aluminum-lithium alloy complex in the preparation process and the process sensitive. Therefore, strict requirements are put on the control of the tissue performance in the preparation process of the aluminum-lithium alloy by hot working and heat treatment. At present, the aluminum-lithium alloy thin plate has stable performance and can reach design expectations, but the tissue performance of the medium-thickness plate product is poor in control in the preparation process, and the microstructure morphology of each part of the product is different due to uneven deformation, so that the medium-thickness plate has different performances, and the performances are lower than the design expectations. The properties of aluminum lithium alloys, particularly strength and corrosion resistance, depend on the microstructure and the precipitated phases. The traditional heat treatment mode has limited regulation and control on microstructure and precipitated phase, so that the material strength and corrosion resistance are poor, and the practical application requirements cannot be well met. Therefore, the aluminum-lithium alloy preparation process based on deformation heat treatment has reasonable design, improves the performance of the aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate, and has important significance for pushing the aluminum-lithium alloy to further application in aerospace.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a thermomechanical treatment method for an aluminum lithium alloy medium plate, which aims at solving the problems of unstable performance, poor mechanical property and poor corrosion resistance of the existing aluminum lithium alloy medium plate.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention aims to provide a method for performing thermal deformation treatment on an aluminum lithium alloy medium plate, which comprises the following steps: firstly, carrying out solid solution treatment on an aluminum lithium alloy medium plate; quenching, carrying out continuous multi-pass asynchronous cold rolling at room temperature, and carrying out high-temperature short-time annealing after each pass of rolling; and finally, carrying out artificial aging treatment and air cooling on the rolled aluminum lithium alloy medium plate to finish the thermomechanical treatment of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate.
Further defined, the solution treatment operation is: preserving heat for 1-8 h at 450-530 ℃.
Further defined, the temperature is controlled to + -2 ℃ during the solution treatment.
Further defined, the quenching treatment conditions are: the water temperature is 5-30 ℃, and the quenching transfer time is 3-20 s.
Further defined, the asynchronous cold rolling is performed within 0.5h after quenching.
Further defined, the deformation per pass of the asynchronous cold rolling is 0.05-1.00 mm, and the total deformation is 10-60%.
Further limited, the high-temperature short-time annealing temperature is 350-550 ℃ and the time is 2-15 min.
Further limited, the high-temperature short-time annealing temperature is 350-450 ℃ and the time is 2-10 min.
Further limited, the high-temperature short-time annealing temperature is 350-400 ℃ and the time is 2-8 min.
Further limited, the artificial aging treatment temperature is 120-180 ℃ and the time is 10-80 h.
Further defined, the temperature is controlled to be +/-3 ℃ in the artificial aging treatment process.
Further defined, the thickness of the aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate is 5-25 mm.
Further defined, the aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.0 to 4.0 percent of Cu, 0.2 to 0.6 percent of Mn, 0.2 to 0.8 percent of Mg, 0.15 to 1.0 percent of Zn, 0.8 to 2.0 percent of Li, 0.08 to 0.2 percent of Zr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.12 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of other impurities, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of the total amount of other impurities, and the balance of Al.
Further limited, the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate treated by the method has high strength and high corrosion resistance.
According to the invention, the heat treatment is carried out on the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate by adopting the procedures of solid solution, quenching, multi-pass asynchronous rolling pre-deformation, high-temperature short-time annealing and artificial aging, and the continuous multi-pass asynchronous rolling pre-deformation and high-temperature short-time annealing are introduced before the artificial aging, so that the obtained aluminum lithium alloy medium plate has high strength and higher corrosion resistance. Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, a continuous room-temperature asynchronous cold rolling pre-deformation process is introduced before artificial aging, so that cracking does not occur in rolling of an aluminum lithium alloy medium plate, meanwhile, grains are refined through high-temperature short-time annealing, and a non-complete recrystallization structure is introduced, so that the shape and the size of the grains in the thickness direction of the plate are more uniform, the effect of fine grain strengthening is achieved, the dispersed precipitation of a precipitated phase in the subsequent aging process is ensured, and the alloy strength and the corrosion resistance can be better improved compared with the traditional heat treatment process.
(2) The dislocation and the substructure introduced in the asynchronous rolling deformation process provide energy storage for recrystallization and nucleation positions for subsequent artificially aged precipitated phases, so that the size of the precipitation strengthening phases is reduced, crystal grains and crystal boundaries are more uniformly distributed, the strength is increased, and meanwhile, the deformation can be coordinated, and the plasticity is maintained. And the uniformly dispersed second particles reduce the potential difference of each part of the alloy, so that the corrosion resistance of the alloy is improved, and meanwhile, the high-temperature short-time annealing process adopted by the invention can reduce the content of the subgrain structure in the alloy, so that the corrosion resistance is further improved.
(3) In addition, the invention has simple process flow, can realize the dual promotion of the mechanical property and the corrosion resistance of the alloy by the existing mature industrial technology, has tight step connection, and can reduce the energy consumption and save the production cost in the actual medium plate production process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thick plate shape heat treatment process route in an aluminum lithium alloy provided by the invention;
FIG. 2 is a metallographic photograph of a rolled surface of a raw material of an aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the morphology of the crystal grains of the rolled surface of the medium plate of the aluminum-lithium alloy after the heat treatment in example 1;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the stress-strain curve comparison of the tensile test of the aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate before and after the thermomechanical treatment in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the morphology of the rolled surface grains of the medium plate of the aluminum-lithium alloy after the heat treatment in example 2;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing stress-strain curve comparison of tensile test of an aluminum lithium alloy medium plate before and after the thermomechanical treatment in example 2;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing stress-strain curve comparison of tensile test of an aluminum lithium alloy medium plate before and after the thermomechanical treatment in example 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The experimental methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified. The materials, reagents, methods and apparatus used, without any particular description, are those conventional in the art and are commercially available to those skilled in the art.
Example 1:
the thickness of the aluminum lithium alloy hot-rolled medium plate subjected to deformation heat treatment in the embodiment is 16.0mm, and the aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu 3.58%, mn 0.28%, mg 0.42%, zn 0.45%, li 1.45%, zr 0.11%, and the balance being Al. The metallographic photograph of the rolling surface of the raw material of the aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate is shown in figure 2.
As shown in fig. 1, the thick plate shape heat treatment process in the aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Placing the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate in a resistance furnace which is preheated to 520 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours to finish solution treatment and realize solid solution of alloy elements;
(2) Rapidly transferring the aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate treated in the step (1) into water for quenching, wherein the water temperature is 20 ℃, and the quenching transfer time is 5 seconds, so that the alloy elements are kept in a supersaturated state;
(3) Placing the aluminum-lithium alloy in the step (2) after quenching treatment into rolling equipment for continuous multi-pass room temperature asynchronous cold rolling, wherein the single-pass deformation is 0.05mm, the total deformation is 10%, rolling pre-deformation is completed, and annealing is carried out for 5 minutes at 350 ℃ between each pass;
(4) And (3) placing the sample subjected to rolling pre-deformation in the step (3) into a resistance furnace which is preheated to 160 ℃ for artificial aging, preserving the temperature for 25 hours, and air-cooling after aging is finished to obtain the aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate material subjected to deformation heat treatment, wherein the metallographic structure is shown in figure 3.
And (3) measuring the raw material corrosion depth of the raw material of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate before the thermomechanical treatment by referring to a standard GB/T7998-2005 aluminum alloy inter-crystal corrosion measurement method, and measuring the corrosion depth of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate after the thermomechanical treatment by 43.5 mu m.
Reference standard GB/T228.1-2010 section 1 of tensile test of metallic materials: the room temperature test method is used for measuring the yield strength of 450MPa, the tensile strength of 505MPa and the elongation of 10.4% of the raw material of the aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate before the thermomechanical treatment; obtaining the yield strength of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate after the thermal deformation treatment of 510MPa, the tensile strength of 540MPa and the elongation of 7.5%; the tensile test stress-strain curves of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate before and after the deformation heat treatment are shown in fig. 4.
Example 2:
the thickness of the aluminum lithium alloy hot-rolled medium plate subjected to deformation heat treatment in the embodiment is 15.5mm, and the aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu 3.58%, mn 0.28%, mg 0.42%, zn 0.45%, li 1.45%, zr 0.11%, and the balance being Al.
The thick plate shape heat treatment process in the aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Placing the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate in a resistance furnace which is preheated to 520 ℃, and preserving heat for 3 hours to finish solution treatment and realize solid solution of alloy elements;
(2) Rapidly transferring the aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate treated in the step (1) into water for quenching, wherein the water temperature is 20 ℃, and the quenching transfer time is 7 seconds, so that the alloy elements are kept in a supersaturated state;
(3) Placing the aluminum-lithium alloy in the step (2) within 0.5 hour after quenching treatment into rolling equipment for continuous multi-pass room temperature asynchronous cold rolling, wherein the single-pass deformation is 0.10mm, the total deformation is 25%, rolling pre-deformation is completed, and annealing is carried out at 400 ℃ for 2 minutes between each pass;
(4) And (3) placing the sample subjected to rolling pre-deformation in the step (3) into a resistance furnace which is preheated to 155 ℃ for artificial aging, preserving the heat for 20 hours, and air-cooling after aging is finished to obtain the aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate material subjected to deformation heat treatment, wherein the metallographic structure is shown in figure 5.
And (3) measuring the corrosion depth of the raw material of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate before the thermal deformation treatment by referring to a standard GB/T7998-2005 aluminum alloy inter-crystal corrosion measuring method, wherein the corrosion depth of the raw material of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate after the thermal deformation treatment is measured to be 112.8 mu m, and the corrosion depth of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate after the thermal deformation treatment is measured to be 65.7 mu m.
Reference standard GB/T228.1-2010 section 1 of tensile test of metallic materials: the room temperature test method is used for measuring the yield strength of 450MPa, the tensile strength of 505MPa and the elongation of 10.4% of the raw material of the aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate before the thermomechanical treatment; the yield strength of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate after the thermal deformation treatment is 540MPa, the tensile strength is 565MPa, and the elongation is 8.0%; the tensile test stress-strain curves of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate before and after the deformation heat treatment are shown in fig. 6.
Example 3:
the thickness of the aluminum lithium alloy hot-rolled medium plate subjected to deformation heat treatment in the embodiment is 16.0mm, and the aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu 3.81%, mn 0.29%, mg 0.40%, zn 0.51%, li 1.45%, zr 0.12%, and the balance being Al.
The thick plate shape heat treatment process in the aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Placing the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate in a resistance furnace which is preheated to 525 ℃ for 2 hours, and completing solution treatment to realize solid solution of alloy elements;
(2) Rapidly transferring the aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate treated in the step (1) into water for quenching, wherein the water temperature is 25 ℃, and the quenching transfer time is 6 seconds, so that the alloy elements are kept in a supersaturated state;
(3) Placing the aluminum-lithium alloy in the step (2) within 0.5 hour after quenching treatment into rolling equipment for continuous multi-pass room temperature asynchronous cold rolling, wherein the single-pass deformation is 0.15mm, the total deformation is 40%, rolling pre-deformation is completed, and annealing is carried out for 3 minutes at 350 ℃ between each pass;
(4) And (3) placing the sample after rolling and pre-deformation in the step (3) into a resistance furnace which is preheated to 150 ℃ for artificial aging, preserving the heat for 18 hours, and air-cooling after aging is finished to obtain the aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate material after deformation heat treatment.
And (3) measuring the corrosion depth of the raw material of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate before the thermal deformation treatment by referring to a standard GB/T7998-2005 aluminum alloy inter-crystal corrosion measuring method, wherein the corrosion depth of the raw material of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate after the thermal deformation treatment is measured to be 112.8 mu m, and the corrosion depth of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate after the thermal deformation treatment is measured to be 85.3 mu m.
Reference standard GB/T228.1-2010 section 1 of tensile test of metallic materials: the room temperature test method is used for measuring the yield strength of 452MPa, the tensile strength of 506MPa and the elongation of 10.7% of the raw material of the aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate before the thermomechanical treatment; the yield strength of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate after the thermal deformation treatment is 550MPa, the tensile strength is 570MPa, and the elongation is 7.0%; the tensile test stress-strain curves of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate before and after the deformation heat treatment are shown in fig. 7.
Comparative example 1:
the thickness of the aluminum lithium alloy hot-rolled medium plate subjected to deformation heat treatment in the comparative example is 16.0mm, and the aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: cu 3.58%, mn 0.28%, mg 0.42%, zn 0.45%, li 1.45%, zr 0.11%, and the balance being Al.
The thick plate shape heat treatment process in the aluminum lithium alloy comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Placing the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate in a resistance furnace which is preheated to 520 ℃, and preserving heat for 2 hours to finish solution treatment and realize solid solution of alloy elements;
(2) Rapidly transferring the aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate treated in the step (1) into water for quenching, wherein the water temperature is 20 ℃, and the quenching transfer time is 5 seconds, so that the alloy elements are kept in a supersaturated state;
(3) Placing the aluminum-lithium alloy in the step (2) within 1 hour after quenching treatment into rolling equipment for continuous multi-pass room temperature asynchronous cold rolling, wherein the single-pass deformation is 0.10mm, the total deformation is 20%, and rolling pre-deformation is completed;
(4) And (3) placing the sample after rolling and pre-deformation in the step (3) into a resistance furnace which is preheated to 155 ℃ for artificial aging, preserving the heat for 20 hours, and air-cooling after aging is finished to obtain the aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate material after deformation heat treatment.
And (3) measuring the corrosion depth of the raw material of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate before the thermal deformation treatment by referring to a standard GB/T7998-2005 aluminum alloy inter-crystal corrosion measuring method, wherein the corrosion depth of the raw material of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate after the thermal deformation treatment is measured to be 112.8 mu m, and the corrosion depth of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate after the thermal deformation treatment is measured to be 90.6 mu m.
Reference standard GB/T228.1-2010 section 1 of tensile test of metallic materials: the room temperature test method is used for measuring the yield strength of 450MPa, the tensile strength of 505MPa and the elongation of 10.4% of the raw material of the aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate before the thermomechanical treatment; the yield strength of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate after the thermal deformation treatment is 495MPa, the tensile strength is 524MPa, and the elongation is 5.6%.
While the invention has been described in terms of preferred embodiments, it is not intended to be limited thereto, but rather to enable any person skilled in the art to make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which is therefore to be limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. The method for the thermomechanical treatment of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate is characterized by comprising the following steps of: firstly, carrying out solid solution treatment on an aluminum lithium alloy medium plate; quenching, carrying out continuous multi-pass asynchronous cold rolling at room temperature, and carrying out high-temperature short-time annealing after each pass of rolling; finally, carrying out artificial aging treatment and air cooling on the rolled aluminum lithium alloy medium plate to finish the thermomechanical treatment of the aluminum lithium alloy medium plate;
asynchronous cold rolling is carried out within 0.5 to 2 hours after quenching;
the deformation of each pass of asynchronous cold rolling is 0.05-1.00 mm, and the total deformation is 10-60%;
the high-temperature short-time annealing temperature is 350-550 ℃ and the time is 2-15 min;
the thickness of the aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate is 5-25 mm.
2. The method for the heat treatment of an aluminum lithium alloy medium plate according to claim 1, wherein the solution treatment is: preserving heat for 1-8 h at 450-530 ℃.
3. The method for the thermomechanical treatment of an aluminum lithium alloy medium plate according to claim 1, wherein the quenching treatment conditions are as follows: the water temperature is 5-30 ℃, and the quenching transfer time is 3-20 s.
4. The method for the thermomechanical treatment of an aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature short-time annealing temperature is 350-450 ℃ and the time is 2-10 min.
5. The method for the thermomechanical treatment of an aluminum-lithium alloy medium plate according to claim 1, wherein the artificial aging treatment temperature is 120-180 ℃ and the time is 10-80 h.
6. An aluminum lithium alloy treated by the method of claim 1, comprising the following components in mass percent: 1.0 to 4.0 percent of Cu, 0.2 to 0.6 percent of Mn, 0.2 to 0.8 percent of Mg, 0.15 to 1.0 percent of Zn, 0.8 to 2.0 percent of Li, 0.08 to 0.2 percent of Zr, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.10 percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.12 percent of Ti, less than or equal to 0.05 percent of other impurities, less than or equal to 0.15 percent of the total amount of other impurities, and the balance of Al.
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