CN112272989A - Seed taking device and method for callicarpa plant fruits - Google Patents
Seed taking device and method for callicarpa plant fruits Download PDFInfo
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- CN112272989A CN112272989A CN202011143820.8A CN202011143820A CN112272989A CN 112272989 A CN112272989 A CN 112272989A CN 202011143820 A CN202011143820 A CN 202011143820A CN 112272989 A CN112272989 A CN 112272989A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B1/00—Sieving, screening, sifting, or sorting solid materials using networks, gratings, grids, or the like
- B07B1/04—Stationary flat screens
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Abstract
The invention discloses a seed taking device and a seed taking method for callicarpa plant fruits, and relates to the technical field of seed processing. The method can simply, conveniently and quickly separate the full seeds from the fruits of the callicarpa plants, and utilizes the full seeds to perform seeding and seedling raising, so that the inconvenience caused by the stickiness of the fruits of the callicarpa plants in the seeding process can be avoided, the seeding difficulty is reduced, the germination rate of the callicarpa plants in the seeding and seedling raising is favorably improved, and the development of the callicarpa plant industry is promoted.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of seed processing, in particular to a seed taking device and a seed taking method for callicarpa fruits.
Background
Plants of the Callicarpa (Callicarpa L.) family are of the Verbenaceae family (Verbenaceae), of about 190 species worldwide, and are distributed primarily in tropical and subtropical regions of Asia and Atlantic continents. There are 46 kinds of Chinese herbs, which are widely distributed in Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and the like, wherein the reserves of Callicarpa nudiflora, Callicarpa kwangtungensis, Callicarpa macrophylla, Callicarpa reticulata leaves, Acer truncatum and the like are large. The beautyberry plant is firstly recorded in Bencao Shiyi of an aging device, is bitter and cold in taste and has the effects of stopping bleeding, clearing heat and removing toxicity. From ancient times to present, beautyberry plants are widely used in China as important medicinal plants and are mainly used for various gynecological diseases such as hemorrhage, inflammation, rheumatism, burn and scald, amenorrhea of women and the like. Modern pharmacological research shows that the beautyberry plant has the functions of bacteriostasis, hemostasis, antitumor, liver protection, anti-inflammation, analgesia, neuroprotection and the like. The plants of the genus Callicarpa nudiflora, Callicarpa kwangtungensis, Callicarpa macrophylla and Callicarpa purpurea are all recorded in the Chinese pharmacopoeia (2020 edition), and planting bases are established in many places throughout the country.
The seedling raising of the callicarpa plants comprises seeding seedling raising and cutting seedling raising. Sowing and seedling raising are carried out in a withdrawing sowing mode, the sowing amount is 1kg/667m2, the seeds are covered with fine yellow core soil after being sowed, and dicranopteris pedata or straws are covered on the seeds with the thickness of about 0.5 cm. The seeds germinate and emerge from the earth in 4 last ten days, the germination rate is 44 percent, and the grass is uncovered and the additional fertilizer is applied in time after germination. Callicarpa deciduous shrubs are spherical, purple when ripe, hairless, and 2-6 seeds are contained in each fruit, and the diameter of each fruit is about 2 mm. The seeds are kidney-shaped, about 1.2mm long and about 0.8mm wide. The beautyberry fruits are slightly aired so that the beautyberry fruits have strong viscosity, the seed separation is particularly difficult, if the beautyberry fruits are directly used for seeding and seedling raising, the seeding and seedling raising are very inconvenient because the fruits have strong viscosity, and the germination rate of the beautyberry fruits directly used for seeding and seedling raising is very low.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides a seed picking device and a seed picking method for callicarpa fruits, which enable the separation process of callicarpa seeds from callicarpa fruits to be simple and efficient, clean out the seeds with uniform and full seeds, reduce the seeding difficulty, and improve the germination rate of the seeding and seedling raising.
The invention solves the technical problems by the following technical means:
a kind of seed-taking device of the plant fruit of Callicarpa, including knockout drum, sealed cover and kneading the structure mounted on sealed cover, there are two feeding hoppers on the sealed cover, there are feed control panels on two feeding hoppers, there are slag outlets at the bottom of the knockout drum, rub the inferior slope of the structure has sub-sieve plates, the one end that the sub-sieve plate position is low has discharge ports, there are round guide plates on the inner wall of the knockout drum, the upper end of the round guide plate takes the form of the structure of gradual change sinking from all around to the centre, the axle center of the round guide plate has circulation holes; the kneading structure comprises a motor, a rotating shaft and a kneading wheel, the motor is installed at the top end of the outer side face of the sealing cover, one end of the rotating shaft is connected with a driving shaft of the motor, the other end of the rotating shaft is embedded into the sealing cover, the upper end of the kneading wheel is of a gradually-changed structure protruding from the periphery to the center, the diameter of the kneading wheel is larger than the aperture of the circulation hole, a mounting hole is formed in the shaft center of the kneading wheel, the kneading wheel is installed on the rotating shaft through the interference fit of the mounting hole and the rotating shaft, a plurality of rings of rubber kneading fingers arranged at equal intervals are arranged on the side face of the kneading wheel and the inner wall of the separation tank, and the rubber kneading fingers on the inner wall of the separation tank and the.
Continuously kneading the dried fruits of the callicarpa through the rubber kneading fingers on the rotary kneading wheel and the rubber kneading fingers on the inner wall of the separation tank, breaking the pulp of the fruits to release seeds, finally screening out pulp powder and unsaturated bad small-particle seeds through the screening plate, and cleaning out the full seeds, wherein the rubber kneading fingers can not damage the seeds, so that the germination rate of the sowed seedlings can be improved; the whole seed taking process is simple and efficient, the seed taking difficulty and the labor input are reduced, and the seed taking efficiency and the seed taking quality of the seeds of the callicarpa can be effectively improved.
Further, three rubbing wheels are provided, a circular guide plate is provided between any two adjacent rubbing wheels, the distance between the rubber rubbing finger on the side of the rubbing wheel on the uppermost layer and the rubber rubbing finger on the inner wall of the separation tank is 2.5mm, the distance between the rubber rubbing finger on the side of the rubbing wheel on the middle layer and the rubber rubbing finger on the inner wall of the separation tank is 2mm, and the distance between the rubber rubbing finger on the side of the rubbing wheel on the lowermost layer and the rubber rubbing finger on the inner wall of the separation tank is 1.5 mm. Through repeated rubbing, the distance between the rubber rubbing fingers on the side surfaces of the three rubbing wheels and the rubber rubbing fingers on the inner wall of the separation tank is continuously reduced from top to bottom, so that seeds can be thoroughly released from pulp, and the waste of the seeds is reduced.
Further, still include the mount pad, the mount pad includes parallel arrangement's last mounting panel and lower mounting panel to and many supporting legss that are used for installing mounting panel and lower mounting panel, go up the mounting panel and all seted up circular through-hole with the middle part of lower mounting panel, the knockout drum is installed in the circular through-hole of last mounting panel and lower mounting panel. The separating tank is arranged on the mounting seat, so that the fruit pulp powder and the screened seeds can be discharged from the residue discharge port more conveniently, and the separating tank is convenient to install and transport.
Further, the aperture of the circular through hole of going up mounting panel and lower mounting panel is greater than the diameter of knockout drum, and the knockout drum periphery is equipped with two installation covers, and the knockout drum is fixed in two installation covers, and all outwards extending all around of two installation covers is formed with the backup pad, goes up the mounting panel and is located between two backup pads, all through many spring coupling between going up mounting panel and two backup pads, installs vibrating cylinder on the lower mounting panel, when vibrating cylinder during operation, drives the knockout drum and produces the vibration. The vibrating cylinder drives the separating tank to vibrate, so that the falling of beautyberry fruits and the separation and discharge of full seeds, fine sand and pulp residues are facilitated, the enrichment of the beautyberry fruits between the kneading wheel and the separating tank and the blockage of the separating sieve plate can be prevented, and the improvement of the operating efficiency is facilitated.
Furthermore, any two circles of adjacent rubber rubbing fingers on the side surface of the rubbing wheel are arranged in a staggered mode, the front ends of the rubber rubbing fingers are of a hemispherical structure, and a plurality of arc-shaped knife-edge-shaped bulges are horizontally arranged on the hemispherical structure. The staggered arrangement can prolong the time of the fruits of the callicarpa falling from the space between the kneading wheel and the separating tank, so as to prolong the kneading time, so that the kneading is more sufficient, the resistance of rubber kneading fingers to the fruits can be reduced by the design of the hemispherical structure, and the knife-edge-shaped bulges are more favorable for the crushing of the pulp.
Furthermore, the number of the screen separating plates is two, the aperture of the mesh of the screen separating plate positioned above is 1.5mm, and the aperture of the mesh of the screen separating plate positioned below is 0.8 mm. Pulp slag can be separated through the screening plate with the mesh aperture of 1.5mm and is discharged out of the separation tank through the discharge port, and full seeds with the grain size larger than 0.8mm can be separated out through the screening plate with the mesh aperture of 1.5mm and is discharged out of the separation tank through the discharge port.
In addition, the invention also provides a seed taking method of the callicarpa plant fruit, which comprises the following steps:
s1, loading the dried fruits of the callicarpa into one feeding hopper, and loading the fine sand of 30-40 meshes into the other feeding hopper;
s2, starting a motor and a vibration cylinder, then opening a feeding control plate on a feeding hopper filled with fine sand to enable the fine sand to be fed into the separation tank at a constant speed, and then opening a feeding control plate on the feeding hopper filled with the fruits of the callicarpa to enable the fruits of the callicarpa to be fed into the separation tank at a constant speed;
s3, dropping the fruits and fine sand of the callicarpa plant thrown into the separating tank onto the upper end face of the rubbing wheel on the uppermost layer, separating from the rubbing wheel under the action of centrifugal force generated by rotation of the rubbing wheel, dropping from a gap between the rubbing wheel and the separating tank, continuously rubbing and mixing the fruits and the fine sand of the callicarpa plant by rubber rubbing fingers on the side face of the rubbing wheel and rubber rubbing fingers on the inner wall of the separating tank in the dropping process, and continuously rubbing and extruding the fruits of the callicarpa plant by the sand to break the pulp and release seeds;
s4, allowing the fruits, seeds, pulp residues and fine sand of the callicarpa plants which are kneaded by the kneading wheel on the uppermost layer to fall onto the circular guide plate, sliding down to the upper end face of the middle layer kneading wheel along the upper end face of the circular guide plate, and further kneading by the middle layer kneading wheel and the kneading wheel on the lowermost layer in sequence to fully damage the pulp and completely release the seeds;
s5, allowing the fruits, seeds, pulp residues and fine sand of the callicarpa plants which are kneaded by the lowest kneading wheel to fall onto the upper-layer screening plate, removing the seeds and the fine sand of the callicarpa plants, sliding the pulp residues to the lower end of the screening plate, and finally discharging the pulp residues from a discharge hole for collection;
s6, enabling seeds and fine sand of the callicarpa plant to fall onto the lower-layer sub-sieve plate, sieving the seeds and the fine sand with the particles smaller than 0.8mm, sliding the seeds with the particles larger than 0.8mm to one end of the sub-sieve plate lower than the sub-sieve plate, and finally discharging the seeds and the fine sand from a discharge hole for collection;
s7, dropping the seeds with the particle size less than 0.8mm and the fine sand to the bottom of the separation tank, and discharging the seeds and the fine sand from the separation tank through a slag discharge port for treatment.
Further, the fine sand is river sand, iron sand and calcium carbonate/streptomycin sulfate sustained-release particles which are mixed according to the weight ratio of 5:2: 1. River sand can fully absorb water and sticky substances in the beautyberry fruits, so that the separation of pulp and seeds is ensured; the iron sand can enhance the friction and extrusion between the fine sand and the beautyberry plant fruits and promote the cracking of the pulp; the streptomycin sulfate is a microbial source bactericide and can effectively prevent and treat plant bacterial diseases, the calcium carbonate/streptomycin sulfate slow-release particles can slowly release the streptomycin sulfate and are abraded in continuous friction and collision to generate partial powder to be adhered to the surfaces of seeds so as to kill pathogenic bacteria carried by the seeds, and the calcium carbonate/streptomycin sulfate slow-release particles can be repeatedly used according to the abrasion amount.
Further, the preparation method of the calcium carbonate/streptomycin sulfate sustained-release granules comprises the following steps:
uniformly mixing streptomycin sulfate and nano calcium sulfate according to the mass ratio of 1:10, adding deionized water with the mass of 2 times that of the streptomycin sulfate, fully stirring the mixture to be pasty to obtain paste, filling the paste into a square mould, curing the paste for 30-60min at 40 ℃, and taking out particles to obtain the calcium carbonate/streptomycin sulfate sustained-release particles.
It should be noted that: a heating device, a cooling device and a temperature sensor can be arranged in the device. Firstly, the heating can be continuously carried out in the peeling and seed-taking process, so that the moisture in the pulp and the fine sand is removed in time, and the agglomeration of the fine sand is prevented; and secondly, the release rate of the streptomycin sulfate in the calcium carbonate/streptomycin sulfate sustained-release particles can be improved, and the sterilization effect is improved. And the temperature in the device is monitored at any time through the temperature sensor, and when the temperature exceeds 45 ℃, the cooling device can be started to cool in time, so that the influence of overhigh temperature on the germination rate of the seeds is prevented.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the dried fruits of the callicarpa plants and the fine sand are added into the device to be repeatedly mixed and kneaded for a plurality of times, the callicarpa plants are continuously rubbed and extruded by the fine sand to break the pulp and release the seeds, and finally, the pulp residues, the unsaturated seeds and the fine sand are respectively screened out by the two layers of screening plates, so that the full seeds are separated from the fruits, the inconvenience caused by the stickiness of the callicarpa plants in the sowing process can be avoided by using the full seeds for sowing and seedling, the sowing difficulty is reduced, the germination rate of the callicarpa plants in the sowing and seedling process is favorably improved, and the development of the callicarpa plant industry is promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction of the separator tank of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the kneading structure of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken at A-A of FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the rubber rubbing fingers of the present invention;
the device comprises a separation tank 1, a sealing cover 2, a kneading structure 3, a motor 31, a rotating shaft 32, a kneading wheel 33, a feeding hopper 4, a feeding control plate 5, a slag discharge port 6, a screening plate 7, a discharge port 8, a circular guide plate 9, a circulation hole 10, a mounting hole 11, a rubber kneading finger 12, a mounting seat 13, an upper mounting plate 131, a lower mounting plate 132, supporting legs 133, a circular through hole 14, a mounting sleeve 15, a supporting plate 16, a spring 17, a vibrating cylinder 18 and a knife-edge-shaped protrusion 19.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the following drawings:
example one
As shown in fig. 1-5, a seed taking device for callicarpa fruits comprises a separation tank 1, a sealing cover 2 and a kneading structure 3 mounted on the sealing cover 2, two feeding hoppers 4 are arranged on the sealing cover 2, feeding control plates 5 are arranged on the two feeding hoppers 4, a slag discharge port 6 is arranged at the bottom of the separation tank 1, a separating sieve plate 7 is obliquely arranged below the kneading structure 3, a discharge port 8 is arranged at one end of the separating sieve plate 7 with a lower position, a circular guide plate 9 is arranged on the inner wall of the separation tank 1, the upper end of the circular guide plate 9 is of a gradually-changed structure which is sunken from the periphery to the center, and a circulation hole 10 is arranged at the axial center of the circular guide plate 9; the kneading structure 3 comprises a motor 31, a rotating shaft 32 and a kneading wheel 33, the motor 31 is installed at the top end of the outer side surface of the sealing cover 2, one end of the rotating shaft 32 is connected with a driving shaft of the motor 31, the other end of the rotating shaft 32 is embedded in the sealing cover 2, the upper end of the kneading wheel 33 is of a gradually-changed structure protruding from the periphery to the center, the diameter of the kneading wheel 33 is larger than the aperture of the circulation hole 10, the shaft center of the kneading wheel 33 is provided with an installation hole 11, the kneading wheel 33 is installed on the rotating shaft 32 through the interference fit of the installation hole 11 and the rotating shaft 32, the side surface of the kneading wheel 33 and the inner wall of the separation tank 1 are respectively provided with a plurality of circles of rubber kneading fingers 12 arranged at equal intervals, and the rubber kneading fingers 12 on the inner wall of the separation tank 1 are arranged in.
The number of the kneading wheels 33 is three, the circular guide plates 9 are arranged between any two adjacent kneading wheels 33, the distance between the rubber kneading fingers 12 on the side of the kneading wheel 33 on the uppermost layer and the rubber kneading fingers 12 on the inner wall of the separation tank 1 is 2.5mm, the distance between the rubber kneading fingers 12 on the side of the kneading wheel 33 on the middle layer and the rubber kneading fingers 12 on the inner wall of the separation tank 1 is 2mm, and the distance between the rubber kneading fingers 12 on the side of the kneading wheel 33 on the lowermost layer and the rubber kneading fingers 12 on the inner wall of the separation tank 1 is 1.5 mm.
Still include mount pad 13, mount pad 13 includes parallel arrangement's last mounting panel 131 and lower mounting panel 132 to and many supporting legss 133 that are used for installing mounting panel 131 and lower mounting panel 132, and circular through-hole 14 has all been seted up at the middle part of going up mounting panel 131 and lower mounting panel 132, and knockout drum 1 installs in the circular through-hole 14 of last mounting panel 131 and lower mounting panel 132.
Go up the aperture of the circular through-hole 14 of mounting panel 131 and lower mounting panel 132 and be greater than the diameter of knockout drum 1, 1 periphery of knockout drum is equipped with two installation covers 15, knockout drum 1 is fixed in two installation covers 15, all outwards extend all around of two installation covers 15 and be formed with backup pad 16, it is located between two backup pads 16 to go up mounting panel 131, it is connected through many springs 17 all between mounting panel 131 and two backup pads 16 to go up, install vibrating cylinder 18 on the lower mounting panel 132, when vibrating cylinder 18 during operation, drive knockout drum 1 and produce the vibration.
Any two circles of adjacent rubber rubbing fingers 12 on the side surface of the rubbing wheel 33 are arranged in a staggered manner, the front ends of the rubber rubbing fingers 12 are of a hemispherical structure, and a plurality of circular arc-shaped knife-edge-shaped protrusions 19 are horizontally arranged on the hemispherical structure.
The number of the sub-sieve plates 7 is two, the aperture of the mesh of the sub-sieve plate 7 positioned above is 1.5mm, and the aperture of the mesh of the sub-sieve plate 7 positioned below is 0.8 mm.
Example two
A seed collecting method of Callicarpa plant fruit comprises placing naturally dried Callicarpa plant fruit into one feeding hopper 4, and placing river sand of 30-40 meshes into the other feeding hopper 4; starting a motor 31 and a vibration cylinder 18, then opening a feeding control plate 5 on a feeding hopper 4 filled with fine sand to feed the fine sand into the separation tank 1 at a constant speed, and then opening the feeding control plate 5 on the feeding hopper 4 filled with the callicarpa fruit to feed the callicarpa fruit into the separation tank 1 at a constant speed; the callicarpa plant fruits and fine sand which are put into the separation tank fall on the upper end face of the rubbing wheel 33 on the uppermost layer, fall off the rubbing wheel 33 under the action of centrifugal force generated by rotation of the rubbing wheel 33, fall from a gap between the rubbing wheel 33 and the separation tank 1, the rubber rubbing fingers 12 on the side face of the rubbing wheel 33 and the rubber rubbing fingers 12 on the inner wall of the separation tank 1 continuously rub and mix the callicarpa plant fruits and the fine sand in the falling process, and the sand continuously rubs and extrudes the callicarpa plant fruits to break the pulp and release seeds; the fruits, seeds, pulp residues and fine sand of the callicarpa plant which are kneaded by the kneading wheel 33 at the uppermost layer fall onto the circular guide plate 9 and slide down to the upper end surface of the middle-layer kneading wheel 33 along the upper end surface of the circular guide plate 9, and then the pulp is further kneaded by the middle-layer kneading wheel 33 and the kneading wheel 33 at the lowermost layer in sequence, so that the pulp is fully damaged, and the seeds are completely released; the fruits, seeds, pulp residues and fine sand of the callicarpa plants which are kneaded by the kneading wheel 33 at the lowest layer fall onto the sieving plate 7 at the upper layer, the seeds and the fine sand of the callicarpa plants are sieved, and the pulp residues slide to the lower end of the sieving plate 7 and are finally discharged from the discharge hole 8 for collection; the seeds and the fine sand of the callicarpa plant fall onto the lower-layer screening plate 7, the seeds and the fine sand with the particles smaller than 0.8mm are screened, the seeds with the particles larger than 0.8mm slide to the lower end of the screening plate 7, and finally the seeds are discharged from a discharge hole 8 for collection; seeds and fine sand with the particle size of less than 0.8mm fall to the bottom of the separation tank 1 and are discharged from the separation tank 1 through a slag discharge port 6 for treatment.
The embodiment carries out mixing repeatedly many times and kneads through adding the device with the beautyberry plant fruit that dries in the sun and fine sand, constantly rub through fine sand, extrude the beautyberry plant fruit, make the pulp break and release the seed, and finally screen out the pulp sediment respectively through two layers of sieve plates, and the granule is less than the not full seed and the fine sand of 0.8mm, and then separate out full seed from the fruit, utilize full seed to sow seedling and can avoid the inconvenience that causes at the seeding in-process because of the viscidity of beautyberry plant fruit, the seeding degree of difficulty has been reduced, be favorable to improving the germination percentage that the beautyberry plant sowed seedling, promote the development of beautyberry plant industry.
EXAMPLE III
A method for taking seeds from callicarpa plants comprises the steps of uniformly mixing streptomycin sulfate and nano calcium sulfate according to the mass ratio of 1:10, adding deionized water with the mass being 2 times that of the streptomycin sulfate, fully stirring to be pasty to obtain paste, filling the paste into a square mold, curing at 40 ℃ for 30-60min to obtain calcium carbonate/streptomycin sulfate slow-release particles, filling dried callicarpa plants into one feeding hopper 4, taking 30-40-mesh fine sand mixed according to the weight ratio of 5:2:1 as river sand, iron sand and calcium carbonate/streptomycin sulfate slow-release particles, and filling the river sand, the iron sand and the calcium carbonate/streptomycin sulfate slow-release particles into the other feeding hopper 4; starting a motor 31 and a vibration cylinder 18, then opening a feeding control plate 5 on a feeding hopper 4 filled with fine sand to feed the fine sand into the separation tank 1 at a constant speed, and then opening the feeding control plate 5 on the feeding hopper 4 filled with the callicarpa fruit to feed the callicarpa fruit into the separation tank 1 at a constant speed; the callicarpa plant fruits and fine sand which are put into the separation tank fall on the upper end face of the rubbing wheel 33 on the uppermost layer, fall off the rubbing wheel 33 under the action of centrifugal force generated by rotation of the rubbing wheel 33, fall from a gap between the rubbing wheel 33 and the separation tank 1, the rubber rubbing fingers 12 on the side face of the rubbing wheel 33 and the rubber rubbing fingers 12 on the inner wall of the separation tank 1 continuously rub and mix the callicarpa plant fruits and the fine sand in the falling process, and the sand continuously rubs and extrudes the callicarpa plant fruits to break the pulp and release seeds; the fruits, seeds, pulp residues and fine sand of the callicarpa plant which are kneaded by the kneading wheel 33 at the uppermost layer fall onto the circular guide plate 9 and slide down to the upper end surface of the middle-layer kneading wheel 33 along the upper end surface of the circular guide plate 9, and then the pulp is further kneaded by the middle-layer kneading wheel 33 and the kneading wheel 33 at the lowermost layer in sequence, so that the pulp is fully damaged, and the seeds are completely released; the fruits, seeds, pulp residues and fine sand of the callicarpa plants which are kneaded by the kneading wheel 33 at the lowest layer fall onto the sieving plate 7 at the upper layer, the seeds and the fine sand of the callicarpa plants are sieved, and the pulp residues slide to the lower end of the sieving plate 7 and are finally discharged from the discharge hole 8 for collection; seeds and fine sand of the callicarpa plant fall onto the lower-layer screening plate 7, the seeds and the fine sand with the particles smaller than 0.8mm are screened, the seeds with the particles larger than 0.8mm slide to the lower end of the screening plate 7, and finally the seeds are discharged from a discharge port 8 for collection; seeds and fine sand with the particle size of less than 0.8mm fall to the bottom of the separation tank 1 and are discharged from the separation tank 1 through a slag discharge port 6 for treatment.
The difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is: this example prepared calcium carbonate/streptomycin sulfate sustained-release granules, and mixed iron sand and calcium carbonate/streptomycin sulfate sustained-release granules into river sand used in example two. On the basis that river sand can fully absorb water and sticky substances in the callicarpa plant fruits, iron sand can enhance friction and extrusion between fine sand and the callicarpa plant fruits to promote breakage of pulps, streptomycin sulfate is a microbial source bactericide and can effectively prevent and control plant bacterial diseases, calcium carbonate/streptomycin sulfate slow-release particles can slowly release streptomycin sulfate and are abraded in continuous friction and collision to generate partial powder to be adhered to the surfaces of seeds so as to kill pathogenic bacteria carried by the seeds.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The techniques, shapes, and configurations not described in detail in the present invention are all known techniques.
Claims (9)
1. A seed taking device for callicarpa plant fruits is characterized by comprising a separation tank, a sealing cover and a kneading structure arranged on the sealing cover, wherein two feeding hoppers are arranged on the sealing cover, feeding control plates are arranged on the two feeding hoppers, a slag discharge port is formed in the bottom of the separation tank, two layers of separating sieve plates are obliquely arranged below the kneading structure, discharge ports are formed in the lower ends of the two layers of separating sieve plates, a circular guide plate is arranged on the inner wall of the separation tank, the upper end of the circular guide plate is of a gradually-changed structure which is sunken from the periphery to the center, and a circulation hole is formed in the axial center of the circular guide plate;
the rubbing structure comprises a motor, a rotating shaft and a rubbing wheel, the motor is mounted at the top end of the outer side face of the sealing cover, one end of the rotating shaft is connected with a driving shaft of the motor, the other end of the rotating shaft is embedded into the sealing cover, the upper end of the rubbing wheel is of a gradually-changed structure protruding from the periphery to the center, the diameter of the rubbing wheel is larger than the aperture of the circulation hole, a mounting hole is formed in the shaft center of the rubbing wheel, the rubbing wheel is mounted on the rotating shaft through the mounting hole and the interference fit of the mounting hole and the rotating shaft, a plurality of rings of rubber rubbing fingers arranged at equal intervals are arranged on the side face of the rubbing wheel and the inner wall of the separation tank, and the rubber rubbing fingers on the inner wall of the separation tank and the rubber rubbing fingers on the side.
2. The seed taking device for callicarpa fruit as claimed in claim 1, wherein there are three kneading wheels, a circular deflector is provided between any two adjacent kneading wheels, the distance between the rubber kneading fingers on the side of the uppermost kneading wheel and the rubber kneading fingers on the inner wall of the separator tank is 2.5mm, the distance between the rubber kneading fingers on the side of the middle kneading wheel and the rubber kneading fingers on the inner wall of the separator tank is 2mm, and the distance between the rubber kneading fingers on the side of the lowermost kneading wheel and the rubber kneading fingers on the inner wall of the separator tank is 1.5 mm.
3. The seed taking device for the callicarpa fruit as claimed in claim 2, further comprising a mounting seat, wherein the mounting seat comprises an upper mounting plate and a lower mounting plate which are arranged in parallel, and a plurality of supporting legs for mounting the upper mounting plate and the lower mounting plate, the upper mounting plate and the lower mounting plate are provided with circular through holes at the middle parts, and the separation tank is mounted in the circular through holes of the upper mounting plate and the lower mounting plate.
4. The seed taking device for the callicarpa plant fruits as claimed in claim 3, wherein the diameter of the circular through hole of the upper mounting plate and the circular through hole of the lower mounting plate are larger than the diameter of the separation tank, two mounting sleeves are arranged on the periphery of the separation tank, the separation tank is fixed in the two mounting sleeves, the two mounting sleeves extend outwards to form support plates, the upper mounting plate is located between the two support plates, the upper mounting plate and the two support plates are connected through a plurality of springs, the lower mounting plate is provided with a vibration cylinder, and when the vibration cylinder works, the separation tank is driven to vibrate.
5. The seed taking device for callicarpa fruits as claimed in claim 4, wherein any two circles of adjacent rubber rubbing fingers on the lateral surface of the rubbing wheel are staggered, the front ends of the rubber rubbing fingers are of a hemispherical structure, and a plurality of circular arc-shaped knife-edge-shaped protrusions are horizontally arranged on the hemispherical structure.
6. The seed-taking device for callicarpa fruit as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the mesh opening size of the upper sieve plate is 1.5mm and the mesh opening size of the lower sieve plate is 0.8 mm.
7. A seed taking method by using the seed taking device for the callicarpa plant fruit as claimed in claim 6, comprising the steps of:
s1, loading the dried fruits of the callicarpa into one feeding hopper, and loading the fine sand of 30-40 meshes into the other feeding hopper;
s2, starting a motor and a vibration cylinder, then opening a feeding control plate on a feeding hopper filled with fine sand to enable the fine sand to be fed into the separation tank at a constant speed, and then opening a feeding control plate on the feeding hopper filled with the fruits of the callicarpa to enable the fruits of the callicarpa to be fed into the separation tank at a constant speed;
s3, dropping the fruits and fine sand of the callicarpa plant thrown into the separating tank onto the upper end face of the rubbing wheel on the uppermost layer, separating from the rubbing wheel under the action of centrifugal force generated by rotation of the rubbing wheel, dropping from a gap between the rubbing wheel and the separating tank, continuously rubbing and mixing the fruits and the fine sand of the callicarpa plant by rubber rubbing fingers on the side face of the rubbing wheel and rubber rubbing fingers on the inner wall of the separating tank in the dropping process, and continuously rubbing and extruding the fruits of the callicarpa plant by the sand to break the pulp and release seeds;
s4, allowing the fruits, seeds, pulp residues and fine sand of the callicarpa plants which are kneaded by the kneading wheel on the uppermost layer to fall onto the circular guide plate, sliding down to the upper end face of the middle layer kneading wheel along the upper end face of the circular guide plate, and further kneading by the middle layer kneading wheel and the kneading wheel on the lowermost layer in sequence to fully damage the pulp and completely release the seeds;
s5, allowing the fruits, seeds, pulp residues and fine sand of the callicarpa plants which are kneaded by the lowest kneading wheel to fall onto the upper-layer screening plate, removing the seeds and the fine sand of the callicarpa plants, sliding the pulp residues to the lower end of the screening plate, and finally discharging the pulp residues from a discharge hole for collection;
s6, enabling seeds and fine sand of the callicarpa to fall on the lower-layer sub-sieve plate, sieving the seeds and the fine sand with the particles smaller than 0.8mm, sliding the seeds with the particles larger than 0.8mm to one end of the sub-sieve plate lower than the sub-sieve plate, and finally discharging the seeds and the fine sand from a discharge hole for collection;
s7, dropping the seeds with the particle size less than 0.8mm and the fine sand to the bottom of the separation tank, and discharging the seeds and the fine sand from the separation tank through a slag discharge port for treatment.
8. The method for planting purple beautyberry plant fruit as claimed in claim 7, wherein the fine sand is river sand, iron sand and calcium carbonate/streptomycin sulfate slow release granule mixed at a weight ratio of 5:2: 1.
9. The method for picking seeds of callicarpa plant fruit as claimed in claim 8, wherein said calcium carbonate/streptomycin sulphate extended release granule is prepared by:
uniformly mixing streptomycin sulfate and nano calcium sulfate according to the mass ratio of 1:10, adding deionized water with the mass of 2 times that of the streptomycin sulfate, fully stirring the mixture to be pasty to obtain paste, filling the paste into a square mould, curing the paste for 30-60min at 40 ℃, and taking out particles to obtain the calcium carbonate/streptomycin sulfate sustained-release particles.
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Citations (4)
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| US20140255575A1 (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2014-09-11 | Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research | Method and apparatus for the separation of seeds from fruit pulp/slurry/pomace |
| CN107046860A (en) * | 2017-06-04 | 2017-08-18 | 芜湖市三山区绿色食品产业协会 | A kind of hulling machine for improving percentage of seedgermination |
| CN207153526U (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2018-03-30 | 浙江正道环保科技有限公司 | A kind of stirring and dissolving groove for nickel bath Slag treatment |
| CN211090558U (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-07-28 | 南京林业大学 | Pomegranate seed and pulp separator |
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2020
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20140255575A1 (en) * | 2011-11-09 | 2014-09-11 | Council Of Scientific & Industrial Research | Method and apparatus for the separation of seeds from fruit pulp/slurry/pomace |
| CN107046860A (en) * | 2017-06-04 | 2017-08-18 | 芜湖市三山区绿色食品产业协会 | A kind of hulling machine for improving percentage of seedgermination |
| CN207153526U (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2018-03-30 | 浙江正道环保科技有限公司 | A kind of stirring and dissolving groove for nickel bath Slag treatment |
| CN211090558U (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-07-28 | 南京林业大学 | Pomegranate seed and pulp separator |
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