CN112266287A - Special microbial fermented fertilizer for rice and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special microbial fermented fertilizer for rice and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112266287A CN112266287A CN202011177973.4A CN202011177973A CN112266287A CN 112266287 A CN112266287 A CN 112266287A CN 202011177973 A CN202011177973 A CN 202011177973A CN 112266287 A CN112266287 A CN 112266287A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C11/00—Other nitrogenous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/40—Treatment of liquids or slurries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special microbial fermentation fertilizer for rice and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of rice planting, wherein the special microbial fermentation fertilizer for rice comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of livestock manure 130-plus, 20-35 parts of peanut bran, 15-25 parts of soybean meal, 30-45 parts of rice hull, 5-8 parts of yeast copper, 4-6 parts of yeast selenium, 10-15 parts of yeast zinc, 15-20 parts of yeast iron, 2-3 parts of bacillus subtilis and 10-15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a special microbial fermented fertilizer for rice and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, conventional fertilization of rice mostly uses nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers (especially heavy nitrogen fertilizers), and the application of medium and micro fertilizers is slightly looked at, so that the problems of partial fertilizer application and unbalanced nutrition supply and demand are brought in agricultural production, and the nutrition required by rice growth cannot be fully met. The rice yield is closely related to the rice variety, soil, climate, moisture, fertilizer application, and the comprehensive factors of preventing and controlling diseases, pests and weeds, and the fertilizer application plays an important role in influencing the rice yield. The fertilizer is a material basis for increasing the yield of the rice, and the application of the fertilizer, particularly the reasonable application of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and silicon fertilizers, can greatly improve the yield of the rice. Through reasonable fertilization, on one hand, the contradiction between the requirement of rice growth on nutrient elements and soil fertilizer supply can be coordinated, so that the purposes of high yield and high quality are achieved; on the other hand, less fertilizer can be used to obtain higher yield and maximum economic benefit, thus realizing the purposes of cost saving and efficiency improvement. The rice fertilizer application must be reasonably carried out according to the growth and development characteristics of rice, the nutritional characteristics of the fertilizer and the fertilizer requirement rule.
The rice is a crop with more fertilizer, and the yield of the rice per unit area is increased along with the reasonable increase of the fertilizer dosage and the proper matching of the nutrient elements of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc and silicon. In recent years, a large amount of blind fertilization causes fertilizer waste, the application proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is seriously disordered, soil salinity is accumulated, and environment pollution is caused, and excessive nutrients in soil enter water and atmosphere through volatilization, leaching loss, denitrification and the like, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is reduced, underground water pollution and eutrophication of rivers and lakes are caused, the agricultural investment cost is increased, and the agricultural yield-increasing benefit is slow.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a special microbial fermented fertilizer for rice, which has the advantages of high fermentation speed, complete decomposition, complete release of fertilizer efficiency and rice yield improvement, and a preparation method thereof, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a special microbial fermented fertilizer for rice, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of livestock manure 130-plus, 20-35 parts of peanut bran, 15-25 parts of soybean meal, 30-45 parts of rice hull, 5-8 parts of yeast copper, 4-6 parts of yeast selenium, 10-15 parts of yeast zinc, 15-20 parts of yeast iron, 2-3 parts of bacillus subtilis and 10-15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues.
As a further improvement of the invention, the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by mass: 140 parts of livestock manure 130-140 parts, 25-35 parts of peanut bran, 20-25 parts of soybean meal, 35-45 parts of rice hull, 5-8 parts of yeast copper, 4-6 parts of yeast selenium, 12-15 parts of yeast zinc, 15-18 parts of yeast iron, 2-3 parts of bacillus subtilis and 10-13 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues.
The rice hull mainly comprises outer glumes, inner glumes, glumes protection and small cobs, is rich in cellulose, lignin and silicon dioxide, and has the advantages of regular and compact arrangement of the lignin on the surface, high hardness, thick waxy layer, difficulty in water absorption, light weight and difficulty in rotting. In the prior art, in order to be easily utilized and decomposed by microorganisms in the fermentation process, rice hulls are generally pretreated firstly, but the rice hulls are not pretreated in the invention, because in the anaerobic fermentation process, saccharomycetes can change the rice hulls into a sponge lamellar structure with loose texture, the water retention property, the water absorption property and the air permeability are improved, cellulose and most lignin are made into low molecules, and the cellulose is changed into water solubility, so that the utilization and the decomposition of the microorganisms in the subsequent aerobic fermentation process are facilitated.
The yeast copper, the yeast zinc, the yeast selenium and the yeast iron are added, the decomposed yeast is facultative anaerobe, and the saccharomycetes can be promoted to aerobically ferment carbohydrate substances under the aerobic condition to generate carbon dioxide and water, so that the acidity of organic acid in the fermented fertilizer is reduced, and the problem of reduction of the fertilizer utilization rate caused by combination of acid substances in soil, nutrient substances in microbial fermented fertilizer and enzymes in soil is solved.
As a further improvement of the present invention, the livestock manure comprises at least one of chicken manure, cattle manure, or sheep manure.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the special microbial fermented fertilizer for rice, which comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the livestock and poultry manure, the peanut bran, the soybean meal, the rice hull and the traditional Chinese medicine residues, adding water, controlling the water content to be 60-70%, adding yeast copper, yeast selenium, yeast zinc, yeast iron and bacillus subtilis, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;
(2) and (3) putting the mixture into a fermentation barrel, building a frustum, fermenting, drying and crushing to obtain the special microbial fermentation fertilizer for rice.
As a further improvement of the invention, the frustum has a height of 1.2m to 1.5m, a width of 2.0m to 2.5m and a length of 2.0m to 4.0 m.
As a further improvement of the invention, the fermentation process comprises aerobic fermentation, then anaerobic fermentation and then aerobic fermentation.
As a further improvement of the invention, the fermentation process comprises the following steps:
(1) aerobic fermentation: when the fermentation temperature is raised to 35-40 ℃, turning the pile, keeping the temperature at 20-35 ℃, fermenting for 10-15d, and turning the pile once every 2-3 d;
(2) anaerobic fermentation: sealing the fermentation barrel, and fermenting for 3-5 d;
(3) aerobic fermentation: opening the fermentation barrel, performing aerobic fermentation at 25-40 deg.C for 5-8d, and turning over once every day to obtain final product.
As a further improvement of the invention, the mixture is dried until the moisture content is below 15 percent, crushed and sieved by a sieve with 80 to 100 meshes.
When the temperature of the material pile begins to be obviously reduced, the material is loose, has no odor before the fermentation begins, has slight ammonia odor, and is fully covered with white hypha, the fermentation is finished. The dried and crushed material is directly applied to the paddy field. Preferably, the special rice microbial fermentation fertilizer is applied in the heading stage of rice, and the application amount is 100-150 kg/mu. The fertilizer is applied by topdressing in the heading period, so that the application amount of the fertilizer can be reduced, elements such as selenium, zinc, iron and the like in the fertilizer can be fully absorbed by rice and transported to grains, and the absorption rate and the conversion rate of the rice to the selenium, the iron, the zinc and the like are improved.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
(1) in the preparation process of the special microbial fermented fertilizer for rice, the yeast copper, the yeast selenium, the yeast zinc and the yeast iron are added, the decomposed yeast not only improves the fermentation efficiency and reduces the damage to root seedlings caused by overhigh temperature, but also is thoroughly decomposed and fermented, the fertilizer efficiency of the organic fertilizer is greatly improved, the dried fertilizer can be directly used in the fermentation process, only bacillus subtilis is added in the fermentation process, no additional multiple fermentation strains are needed to be added, the fermentation time is short, the decomposition is simple, and no secondary fermentation process is needed after the fertilizer is applied.
(2) The microbial fermentation fertilizer special for rice of the invention scientifically prepares the formula components of the organic fertilizer according to the growth and development mechanism of rice, and can greatly improve the yield and quality of rice.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
In the examples of the present invention, "parts" are in parts by mass unless otherwise specified.
The raw materials of the microbial fermentation fertilizer special for rice are all purchased from commercial approaches.
The raw materials and the mixture ratio of the microbial fermentation fertilizer special for rice in the embodiments 1 to 5 are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The livestock manure in the embodiment 1-2 is chicken manure, the livestock manure in the embodiment 3 is cow manure, the livestock manure in the embodiment 4 is sheep manure, the livestock manure in the embodiment 5 is a mixture of chicken manure and cow manure, and the mass ratio of the chicken manure to the cow manure is 1: 1.
the preparation method of the special microbial fermented fertilizer for rice in the embodiment 1-3 comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the livestock and poultry manure, the peanut bran, the soybean meal, the rice hull and the traditional Chinese medicine residues, adding water, controlling the water content to be 60%, adding yeast copper, yeast selenium, yeast zinc, yeast iron and bacillus subtilis, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;
(2) putting the mixture into a fermentation barrel, building a frustum, wherein the height of the frustum is 1.2m, the width of the frustum is 2.0m, the length of the frustum is 2.0m, and the mixture is fermented by firstly carrying out aerobic fermentation: when the fermentation temperature is raised to 35 ℃, turning the pile, keeping the temperature at about 35 ℃, fermenting for 10 days, and turning the pile once every 2 days; carrying out anaerobic fermentation: sealing the fermentation barrel, and fermenting for 5 d; carrying out secondary aerobic fermentation: opening a fermentation barrel, carrying out aerobic fermentation, keeping the temperature at 40 ℃, fermenting for 5d, turning over once a day to obtain a fermentation end product, drying until the water content is below 15%, crushing, and sieving with a 80-mesh sieve to obtain the special microbial fermented fertilizer for rice.
The preparation method of the special microbial fermented fertilizer for rice in the embodiment 4-5 comprises the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the livestock and poultry manure, the peanut bran, the soybean meal, the rice hull and the traditional Chinese medicine residues, adding water, controlling the water content to be 70%, adding yeast copper, yeast selenium, yeast zinc, yeast iron and bacillus subtilis, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;
(2) putting the mixture into a fermentation barrel, building a frustum, wherein the height of the frustum is 1.5m, the width is 2.5m, the length is 4.0m, and the fermentation is carried out by aerobic fermentation: when the fermentation temperature is raised to 40 ℃, turning the pile, keeping the temperature at about 35 ℃, fermenting for 15d, and turning the pile once every 3 d; carrying out anaerobic fermentation: sealing the fermentation barrel, and fermenting for 3 d; carrying out secondary aerobic fermentation: opening a fermentation barrel, carrying out aerobic fermentation, keeping the temperature at 25 ℃, fermenting for 8d, turning over once a day to obtain a fermentation end product, drying until the water content is below 15%, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the special microbial fermentation fertilizer for rice.
Comparative example 1
The same as example 3, except that yeast copper, yeast selenium, yeast zinc and yeast iron were replaced with inorganic copper, inorganic selenium, inorganic zinc and inorganic iron.
Comparative example 2
The only difference is that no Bacillus subtilis was added, as in example 3.
Comparative example 3
The raw material ratio is the same as that in example 3, except that the fermentation process is a conventional fermentation process, specifically, the fermentation temperature is controlled to be about 40 ℃, the fermentation is carried out for 20 days, the fermentation is carried out for once every 2 days, a fermentation final product is obtained, the fermentation final product is dried until the water content is below 15%, the fermentation final product is crushed, and the obtained product is sieved by a sieve with 80 meshes, so that the special microbial fermented fertilizer for rice is obtained.
The tests and results of the special rice microbial fermented fertilizer prepared by the embodiment and the comparative example in the aspect of rice yield improvement are as follows:
selecting plastic bowls with the bottom diameter of 18cm, the caliber of 26cm and the height of 21cm, adding 1.5kg of soil respectively, and applying 9 treatments in the rice special microbial fermentation fertilizer treatment test, wherein the treatments are as follows: (1) in the control group, no fertilizer is added, and conventional seedling raising rice is planted; (2) before heading, the special rice microbial fermentation fertilizers prepared in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-3 were applied in an amount of 2.5g, 10 times of repetition were set for each treatment, and farmland water was irrigated on time according to the growth rule of rice. The basic situation was similar for each group of plots.
The dry weight yield, number of grains, plant height and number of effective ears of rice were measured at the growth and maturity stages, and the results are expressed as average values and are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2, the addition of the microbial fermentation fertilizer special for rice of the present invention can increase the rice yield.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (8)
1. The microbial fermented fertilizer special for rice is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of livestock manure 130-plus, 20-35 parts of peanut bran, 15-25 parts of soybean meal, 30-45 parts of rice hull, 5-8 parts of yeast copper, 4-6 parts of yeast selenium, 10-15 parts of yeast zinc, 15-20 parts of yeast iron, 2-3 parts of bacillus subtilis and 10-15 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues.
2. The microbial fermented fertilizer special for rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 140 parts of livestock manure 130-140 parts, 25-35 parts of peanut bran, 20-25 parts of soybean meal, 35-45 parts of rice hull, 5-8 parts of yeast copper, 4-6 parts of yeast selenium, 12-15 parts of yeast zinc, 15-18 parts of yeast iron, 2-3 parts of bacillus subtilis and 10-13 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues.
3. The microbial fermented fertilizer special for rice as claimed in claim 2, wherein the livestock manure comprises at least one of chicken manure, cow manure or sheep manure.
4. The preparation method of the special rice microbial fermented fertilizer as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) uniformly mixing the livestock and poultry manure, the peanut bran, the soybean meal, the rice hull and the traditional Chinese medicine residues, adding water, controlling the water content to be 60-70%, adding yeast copper, yeast selenium, yeast zinc, yeast iron and bacillus subtilis, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixture;
(2) and (3) putting the mixture into a fermentation barrel, building a frustum, fermenting, drying and crushing to obtain the special microbial fermentation fertilizer for rice.
5. The preparation method of the microbial fermented fertilizer special for rice as claimed in claim 4, wherein the frustum of the cone has a height of 1.2m-1.5m, a width of 2.0-2.5m and a length of 2.0-4.0 m.
6. The method for preparing a microbial fermented fertilizer special for rice according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation process comprises aerobic fermentation, anaerobic fermentation and aerobic fermentation.
7. The preparation method of the special rice microbial fermented fertilizer according to claim 6, wherein the fermentation process comprises the following steps:
(1) aerobic fermentation: when the fermentation temperature is raised to 35-40 ℃, turning the pile, keeping the temperature at 20-35 ℃, fermenting for 10-15d, and turning the pile once every 2-3 d;
(2) anaerobic fermentation: sealing the fermentation barrel, and fermenting for 3-5 d;
(3) aerobic fermentation: opening the fermentation barrel, performing aerobic fermentation at 25-40 deg.C for 5-8d, and turning over once every day to obtain final product.
8. The preparation method of the microbial fermented fertilizer special for rice as claimed in claim 4, wherein the microbial fermented fertilizer is dried until the moisture content is below 15%, crushed and sieved by a sieve of 80-100 meshes.
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| CN202011177973.4A CN112266287A (en) | 2020-10-29 | 2020-10-29 | Special microbial fermented fertilizer for rice and preparation method thereof |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104860734A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-08-26 | 安徽省富硒香生物食品集团有限公司 | Rice selenium-zinc-iron-rich microbial fermentation fertilizer, and preparation method as well as application thereof |
| CN107089892A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-08-25 | 重庆市万源禽蛋食品有限公司 | Chicken manure organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
-
2020
- 2020-10-29 CN CN202011177973.4A patent/CN112266287A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104860734A (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2015-08-26 | 安徽省富硒香生物食品集团有限公司 | Rice selenium-zinc-iron-rich microbial fermentation fertilizer, and preparation method as well as application thereof |
| CN107089892A (en) * | 2017-06-29 | 2017-08-25 | 重庆市万源禽蛋食品有限公司 | Chicken manure organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 何增耀 等: "《农业环境科学概论》", 31 March 1991, 上海科学技术出版社，第1版, pages: 334 - 335 * |
| 江红辉: "《节能技术实用全书 上卷》", 31 December 1993, 中国科学技术文献出版社, pages: 763 - 764 * |
| 陈惠 等: "《五粮作物生产技术》", 31 January 2015, 中国轻工业出版社 , 第1版, pages: 351 * |
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