CN105622204A - Special compost used for strawberries and prepared from straw - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides special compost used for strawberries and prepared from straw, belonging to the technical field of agriculture. The special compost overcomes the problems of gradually deteriorating soil conditions, reduced fertility, severe strawberry diseases, decreased strawberry output and reduced strawberry quality along with prolongation of cultivation years as strawberries grow in a same place for a plurality of consecutive years. During soil preparation in the year, the straw compost is uniformly sprinkled on soil surface, then tillage is carried out twice to allow the compost to be uniformly mixed with soil, and sowing or transplanting is carried out the next year. The special compost is used for soil improvement, and enables strawberry diseases to be obviously decreased and the quality and output of strawberries to be substantially improved.

Description

A kind of special compost of the Fructus Fragariae Ananssae utilizing Caulis et Folium Oryzae to make

Technical field

The invention belongs to agricultural technology field, relate to a kind of straw compost for strawberry soil improvement and composting method thereof, be specially a kind of special compost of the Fructus Fragariae Ananssae utilizing Caulis et Folium Oryzae to make.

Background technology

In production practices, it is possible to the soil reaching to be suitable for planting Fructus Fragariae Ananssae condition is little. Meanwhile, Fructus Fragariae Ananssae is again perennial plant, grows the several years continuously in same place. Sowing or after transplanting, early growth is better, the later stage due to edaphic condition progressively worsen, fertility declines, plant strain growth is slow, disease is serious, causes that Quality Down, yield reduce. Research and production for many years, it was verified that Fructus Fragariae Ananssae is the same with other plant, adopt the fertilizing method of science, it is possible to promote its growth promoter, increase yield. Organic materials is the main supply person of soil fertility, and agricultural crop straw is the one of organic materials. China's agricultural crop straw accounts for about the 50% of crop biology total amount, the organic manure resource that be that a class is cheap, quantity is extremely abundant, can directly utilize. China uses before the history of organic materials fertilizing soil can be traced in 2 thousand 4 hundred. In long-term agricultural production practice, China peasant have accumulated quite abundant Organic substance and uses experience. China's agronomy and pedologists sum up and have developed experience and the theory of ancestors, use theoretical side at Organic substance, have carried out a large amount of research work. Have substantial amounts of research data show (Zhu Yuqin etc.: maize straw culture fertility Review Study. Maize Sciences, 12 volume 3 phases in 2004; Wu Zhijie etc.: the effect of maize straw fertilizing soil. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 13 volume 5 phases in 2002), the soil organism and nutrient content can be increased after straw-returning, be conducive to updating agron and form and provide stable humus, maintain soil organic matter balance, improve soil physical and chemical property, promote soil nutrient circulation, improve biological activity of soil, increase micro organism quantity (antibacterial and actinomycetes). Meanwhile, the soil weight decline, porosity increase, moisture content improve, the degree of packing decline, temperature rise. Containing necessary mineral elements of plant such as a large amount of organic and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element in straw compost, it is a kind of well fertilizer and soil conditioner. Using straw compost and can promote the formation of soil aggregate, with the comparison do not used, water-stable aggregate substantially increases. Behind rice straw also field, humic acids from different soils can become simplified as and rejuvenation, and the increase of humic acid is to improving soil organism activity and improving soil fertility and be advantageous for. Additionally, after using organic materials, the content of pine soil combined humus and tight soil combined humus all increases to some extent, and the pine of soil combined humus/tight than the raising obtained in various degree. This means the reduction of organic and inorganic complexes, further illustrate and use organic materials and can make the increased activity of the soil organism. When C content is equal, maintenance and the raising of the soil organism are better than compost by straw, and compost is better than cattle manure. Straw and inorganic fertilizer compounding application can make the soil organism significantly improve, and compare with Single fertilizer, soil Readily oxidized organic matter can be made to increase, and lixiviate humic acid improves, and can improve N, P, K nutriture of soil, soil moisture and soil aperture situation. The effect that straw compost is improved the soil such as field crop, fruit tree, vegetable both at home and abroad has carried out big quantity research, and its result all confirms that effect is notable, and Crop yield and quality significantly improves.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of straw compost for strawberry soil improvement and composting method thereof, for solve Fructus Fragariae Ananssae Later growth due to soil nutrient status progressively worsen, fertility declines, plant strain growth is slow, disease is serious, causes quality reduction, degradation problem under yield. Straw compost is used for strawberry soil improvement by the present invention, has reached improvement soil, increases Yield of Strawberry, has put forward high-quality purpose, has had the advantage that raw material is easy to get, cost is low, easy to use simultaneously.

The straw compost of the present invention is the common compostings of nutrient such as the straw pulverized and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, ferrum, boron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum. The selection of various nutrients and amount ranges are determined according to Fructus Fragariae Ananssae regulation of fertilizer requirement, and constituent content is reasonable, quantity is suitable. Fertilizer used is in cultivated strawberry and allows use, and raw materials market is on sale.

A kind of straw compost for strawberry soil improvement, is characterized in that being made up of following raw material by weight percentage:

Carbamide CO (NH₂)₂, containing N46%2.00%��4.00%

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH₂PO₄, containing P₂O₅49%, containing K₂O32%0.30%��0.60%

Ferrous sulfate FeSO₄��7H₂O, containing Fe18%0.04%��0.08%

Boric acid H₃BO₃, containing B17%0.05%��0.15%

Manganese sulfate MnSO₄��3H₂O, containing Mn27%0.05%��0.15%

Copper sulfate GuSO₄��5H₂O, containing Cu25%0.04%��0.08%

Zinc sulfate ZnSO₄��7H₂O, containing Zn23%0.10%��0.30%

Ammonium molybdate (NH₄)₂MoO₄, containing Mo49%0.05%��0.15%

Caulis et Folium Oryzae straw stalk surplus.

After using straw compost, soil physics, chemical property are obviously improved. Fructus Fragariae Ananssae root growth has appreciable impact, and main root length, main root slightly substantially increase, and disease substantially reduces, and Fructus Fragariae Ananssae quality and yield significantly improve.

Using the present invention impact on economic benefit: in the present invention, the every 100kg3.0 unit of rice straw, various fertilizer costs add up to about 11.0 yuan, process and other expenditure 2.0 yuan, add up to 16.0 yuan. By 1.0m²Fructus Fragariae Ananssae ground straw compost consumption 10.0kg calculates, and input cost is 1.6 yuan of m^-2. Increase production 20.0% calculating by Fructus Fragariae Ananssae, Fructus Fragariae Ananssae 0.5kg m can be increased production^-2, increasing income about 15.0 yuan, income is 9.37 times of input cost, and economic benefit is very notable. China's agricultural straw resource quantity is extremely abundant, cheap, very easy popularization and application in production. Therefore, the present invention is improvement strawberry soil, gives full play to the productive potentialities of soil, improves Fructus Fragariae Ananssae quality and yield and provide a better approach.

Detailed description of the invention 1:

Embodiments of the invention are merely to illustrate embodiments of the present invention, are not limiting as the use scope of the present invention. Such as, it does not have Caulis et Folium Oryzae straw stalk selects other straw also dependent on local resource.

In the present invention, matching while using answered by chemical fertilizer.

The straw compost of the present invention can not replace other measures of fertilizer.

1, the composting of straw compost:

By weight percentage, take the plant straw surplus of carbamide 2.00%��4.00%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.30%��0.60%, ferrous sulfate 0.04%��0.08%, boric acid 0.05%��0.15%, manganese sulfate 0.05%��0.15%, copper sulfate 0.04%��0.08%, zinc sulfate 0.10%��0.30%, ammonium molybdate 0.05%��0.15%, pulverizing, during composting, above-mentioned raw materials is measured, a small amount of water dissolution first used by chemical fertilizer, then mix homogeneously with the straw pulverized, water content is adjusted to 60%, pH is adjusted to 6.5-7.5, then carries out composting.

Composting process is divided into four-stage by the change of temperature:

Glow stage: compost is risen to 40��50 DEG C by room temperature, the time is about 40h after compost. At the initial stage in this stage, based on middle temperature aerobic microorganism. Along with temperature rises, thermophilic microorganism is increasingly becoming main species. In fertile heap, simple saccharide, starch, protein etc. were decomposed in a large number in this stage, discharged NH₃��CO₂And heat.

Hot stage: temperature is at 50��70 DEG C, and the time is 40��80h after compost, based on thermophilic fungus, actinomycetes, bacillus cereus and clostridium etc. Now, cellulose, hemicellulose and pectic substance intensive decomposition, discharge substantial amounts of heat simultaneously. In this stage, except mineralization process, start to occur in that humification process. This stage compost be in one can Natural regulation and duration megathermal period more of a specified duration, the composting material of worm's ovum, pathogenic bacteria and weed seed accelerate to become thoroughly decomposed and kill in to(for) compost are all significant.

Temperature-fall period: the time is after compost 80h. After hot stage maintains a period of time, owing to the remaining quantities such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin reduce, or because moisture loss and oxygen supply are not enough, the strength reduction of microbial life activity, quantity of heat production reduces, and compost temperature drops to less than 50 DEG C. Now, in compost, microbe species and quantity higher temperatures stage are many, especially dramatically increase with quantity such as mesothermal fiber hydrolization slime bacteria, bacillus cereus, fungus and actinomycetes. Part thermophilic and thermostability microbe species, still maintain activity in temperature-fall period. The effect of this stage microorganism mainly synthesizes humus, so humification has comparative advantage.

The after-ripening fertilizer conservation stage: this stage proceeds mineralization slowly and humification process, and the temperature still a little higher than temperature in fertile heap, in heap, the C/N of material reduces than progressively, and humus cumulant substantially increases. But decompose the organic Population of Actinomycetes such as humus and ratio increases to some extent, dislike gas cellulose-decomposing bacteria, dislike gas nitrogen-fixing bacteria and denitrifying bacteria progressively to increase.

Embodiment 1:

Prepare rice straw compost 100Kg, take carbamide 3.00Kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.45Kg, ferrous sulfate 0.06Kg, boric acid 0.10Kg, manganese sulfate 0.10Kg, copper sulfate 0.06Kg, zinc sulfate 0.20Kg, ammonium molybdate 0.10Kg, add up to 4.07Kg, use a small amount of water dissolution respectively. The Caulis et Folium Oryzae straw stalk (water content 17.0%��20.0%) air-dry the previous year is cut into 1cm length section, then pulverizes, remainder amount. Being mixed homogeneously with rice straw by chemical fertilizer (3 times), water content is adjusted to about 60%, namely clutches just to there are flowing out with hands and is advisable, and pH is adjusted to 6.5-7.5 (regulating, pH meter measures) with plant ash, then carries out composting. Summer, autumn, rotten degree was with black, smelly, rotten for organoleptic standard it is generally required to 1��2 month.

Using of rice straw compost: the present invention is used for Fructus Fragariae Ananssae land soil in cultivated strawberry. When whole ground the previous year, rice straw compost being sprinkling upon soil surface equably, turn over for 2 times, uniform with Fructus Fragariae Ananssae bed mixing with soil, Second Year is sowed or transplants.

Claims (1)

1. the special compost of the Fructus Fragariae Ananssae utilizing Caulis et Folium Oryzae to make, it is characterised in that be made up of following raw material by weight percentage:

Carbamide CO (NH₂)₂, containing N46%2.00%��4.00%

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate KH₂PO₄, containing P₂O₅49%, containing K₂O32%0.30%��0.60%

Ferrous sulfate FeSO₄��7H₂O, containing Fe18%0.04%��0.08%

Boric acid H₃BO₃, containing B17%0.05%��0.15%

Manganese sulfate MnSO₄��3H₂O, containing Mn27%0.05%��0.15%

Copper sulfate CuSO₄��5H₂O, containing Cu25%0.04%��0.08%

Zinc sulfate ZnSO₄��7H₂O, containing Zn23%0.10%��0.30%

Ammonium molybdate (NH₄)₂MoO₄, containing Mo49%0.05%��0.15%

Caulis et Folium Oryzae straw stalk surplus.