CN112262053A - 用于车辆的变速器 - Google Patents

用于车辆的变速器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112262053A
CN112262053A CN201980038522.1A CN201980038522A CN112262053A CN 112262053 A CN112262053 A CN 112262053A CN 201980038522 A CN201980038522 A CN 201980038522A CN 112262053 A CN112262053 A CN 112262053A
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bearing
clutch unit
transmission
gear member
gear
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CN112262053B (zh
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S·阿迪尔
J·拉森
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Ningbo Geely Automobile Research and Development Co Ltd
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Ningbo Geely Automobile Research and Development Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4833—Step up or reduction gearing driving generator, e.g. to operate generator in most efficient speed range
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00—Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/10—Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially
    • F16D2001/103—Quick-acting couplings in which the parts are connected by simply bringing them together axially the torque is transmitted via splined connections
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D21/00—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches
    • F16D21/02—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways
    • F16D21/06—Systems comprising a plurality of actuated clutches for interconnecting three or more shafts or other transmission members in different ways at least two driving shafts or two driven shafts being concentric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
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    • F16D3/04—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive adapted to specific functions specially adapted to allow radial displacement, e.g. Oldham couplings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
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    • F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
    • F16D3/18—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts the coupling parts (1) having slidably-interengaging teeth
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于车辆的变速器(1)。该变速器(1)具有由电动机(6)驱动的第一齿轮部件(12)和通过啮合装置(14)旋转锁定至离合器单元(2)的第二齿轮部件(13)。第一齿轮部件(12)和第二齿轮部件(13)相互啮合，以将扭矩从电动机(6)传递至离合器单元(2)。该变速器(1)还包括至少一个轴承(23)，其被布置成用于通过轴承装设第二齿轮部件(13)，并且当扭矩从电动机传递至离合器单元时，该轴承(23)承载由电动机引起的径向负荷。啮合装置(14)被设计成允许离合器单元(2)相对于第二齿轮部件(13)的径向跳动(2)。本发明能够降低离合器单元(2)和第二齿轮部件(13)之间未对准的风险。

Description

用于车辆的变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于车辆的变速器，其包括能够连接至变速器的输入轴的离合器单元和电动机，电动机连接至离合器单元以通过离合器单元将扭矩从电动机传递至输入轴。
背景技术
在包含有带有用于传递动力的电动机的变速器的电动汽车或混合动力汽车中，电动机必须连接至输入轴用于传递扭矩。传统解决方案通常具有经由齿轮直接连接至发动机的输入轴或曲轴上的电动机。
另一种解决方案是通过耦合到离合器外部部分的齿轮来连接电动机，以将扭矩传递至输入轴。电动机能够连接至离合器的壳体，离合器能够连接至输入轴，以将扭矩从电动机传递至输入轴。
然而，离合器通常被设计成用于应对来自离合器换档机构的轴向力，而非径向力。如果电动机连接至离合器的外部部分以旋转离合器，则离合器也会经受来自电动机的显著的径向负荷。
变速器中的动力从电动机传递至离合器外部部分，即自离合器旋转中心径向位移的位置，这样一种变速器的另一个潜在问题在于，离合器具有多个独立部件的复杂性。这将产生从电动机到输入轴的相对较长的公差链，这可能增加对不准的风险和离合器相对于电动机或连接电动机和离合器的齿轮的径向跳动的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于车辆的变速器，该变速器至少消除或缓解了与电动机连接至离合器的外部部分以将动力传递至输入轴的这种设计相关联的至少一些问题。
该目的是通过一种用于车辆的变速器实现的，其中变速器包括能够连接至变速器的输入轴的离合器单元以及电动机，电动机连接至离合器单元以通过离合器单元将扭矩从电动机传递至输入轴，变速器具有由电动机驱动的第一齿轮部件和通过啮合装置旋转锁定至离合器单元的第二齿轮部件，第一齿轮部件和第二齿轮部件相互啮合，以将扭矩从电动机传递至离合器单元，其中变速器还包括至少一个轴承，所述轴承被布置成用于通过轴承装设第二齿轮部件，并且当扭矩从电动机传递至离合器单元时，承载由电动机产生的径向负荷，而啮合装置被设计成允许离合器单元相对于第二齿轮部件的径向跳动。
本发明基于这样一种观点，当扭矩从电动机传递至离合器单元时，通过这种变速器，可减轻离合器单元的径向负荷，并且可减少离合器单元的长公差链所产生的任何负面影响。
啮合装置可被设计成具有在第二齿轮部件和离合器单元之间的径向间隙，以允许离合器单元相对于第二齿轮部件的径向跳动。这样的径向间隙将允许离合器单元和第二齿轮部件相对于彼此非同心定位(由于径向跳动)。这可通过设计具有适当形状和尺寸的啮合装置来实现。
可替代地，或者结合地，啮合装置的至少一部分是柔韧的，以允许离合器单元的径向跳动。
根据变速器的一种实施方式，所述至少一个啮合装置部分由弹性材料制成。因此，径向跳动可由在弹性部分沿径向的压缩来应对。
根据另一种实施方式，所述至少一个啮合装置部分具有柔韧指部，柔韧指部用于允许离合器单元的径向跳动。由此，径向跳动可由被布置成沿径向弹开的指部来应对。
根据另一种实施方式，啮合装置是花键接头。由此，可在装配第二齿轮部件的同时提供可靠的连接来传递扭矩，并且可通过第二齿轮部件和离合器单元相对于彼此沿轴向的移置来执行离合器单元。
根据另一种实施方式，所述至少一个第二齿轮部件轴承径向地布置于啮合装置内部。由此，可有效地承受径向负荷，以及实现紧凑的设计。
根据另一种实施方式，所述至少一个第二齿轮部件轴承布置于变速器的外壳中，变速器包括一个或多个轴承，所述轴承被布置成用于通过轴承装设电动机的转子轴，电动机轴承布置于所述外壳中。由此，由于可在同一个零件中加工相对轴承位置从而实现正确的中心-中心距离，降低了第一齿轮部件和第二齿轮部件之间未对准的风险。
根据另一种实施方式，变速器包括被布置成用于通过轴承装设第二齿轮部件以承载径向负荷的第一轴承，以及被布置用于通过轴承装设第二齿轮部件以承载轴向负荷的第二轴承。由此，轴向和径向负荷都可被应对，这使得相比于仅使用一个轴承来承载所有力，可以使用更不先进且更小的轴承来承载径向负荷。例如，第一轴承可以是滚珠轴承，第二轴承可以是滚柱止推轴承。
根据另一种实施方式，第二齿轮部件具有从啮合装置沿径向方向向内延伸的部分，所述第一轴承布置于变速器的外壳和第二齿轮部件部分的径向表面之间，以将径向负荷从第二齿轮部件传递至外壳；所述第二轴承布置于外壳和第二齿轮部件部分的轴向表面之间，以将轴向负荷从第二齿轮部件传递至外壳。由此，可同时应对轴向力和径向力，并且轴承的直径可保持相对较小，这有利于高转速。
根据本发明的另一个方面，进一步的目的在于提供一种包括这种变速器的传动系，其中传动系包括能够连接至离合器单元的发动机以及第二齿轮部件，第二齿轮部件被布置成用于当发动机连接至离合器单元时以与发动机相同的速度旋转。该发动机可以是内燃发动机。
该传动系的优点与上文参考变速器的不同实施方式所讨论的优点基本相同。在下面的描述和从属权利要求中公开了本发明的其他优点和有利特征。
附图说明
参考附图，下面将更详细地描述作为示例的本发明的实施例。
在附图中：
图1是一种包括变速器的传动系的示意图，
图2示出了变速器的一个示例性实施例，
图3a和3b示出了用于连接由电动机驱动的齿轮部件和变速器的离合器单元的啮合装置的一个示例性实施例，
图4a和4b示出了啮合装置的另一个示例性实施例，
图5示出了啮合装置的另一个示例性实施例，
图6示出了变速器的又一个示例性实施例，以及
图7示出了变速器的另一个示例性实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示出了一种用于车辆的包括变速器1的传动系的示意图。变速器1包括离合器单元2，轴承被布置成将扭矩从内燃发动机3传递至变速器1的输入轴4、5。变速器1还包括连接至离合器单元2的电动机6，以经由离合器单元2将扭矩从电动机6传递至输入轴4、5。尽管在图1所示的示例性实施例中，变速器1是包括用于提供扭矩到变速器的内燃发动机(ICE)的传动系的一部分，但是可使用其他类型的传动系。例如，使用另一种发动机来代替内燃发动机及整个电动传动系也是可能的。
图1中的离合器单元2是双离合器，内燃发动机的曲轴7可选择性连接至变速器1的第一输入轴4和第二输入轴5。当离合器单元2连接至第一输入轴4时，可使用变速器的第一组齿轮8，当离合器单元2连接至第二输入轴5时，可使用变速器的第二组齿轮9。第一输入轴4可以是内部输入轴，第二输入轴5可以是外部输入轴，其中内部输入轴和外部输入轴相对于彼此同心布置。如图1所示，变速器1还具有用于将扭矩传递至车辆的车轮11的输出轴10。
变速器1具有由电动机6驱动的第一齿轮部件12，诸如齿轮，以及通过啮合装置14旋转锁定至离合器单元2的第二齿轮部件13，诸如齿圈。下面将参考图3a、3b、4a、4b和5进一步描述该啮合装置14。
第一齿轮部件12和第二齿轮部件13相互啮合，以将扭矩从电动机6传递至离合器单元2，并进一步传递至输入轴4、5中的一些输入轴。虽然变速器以双离合器为例，但应当强调的是，也可使用其他类型的离合器单元，诸如例如三离合器。
第二齿轮部件13被适当地直接旋转锁定至离合器单元2的外部部分15上，并且优选地第二齿轮部件13旋转锁定至离合器单元2的壳体15。内燃发动机的曲轴7也被适当地连接至离合器单元2的壳体15，但位于离合器单元2的中心。这意味着，第二齿轮部件13被布置成用于在内燃发动机连接至离合器单元2时，第二齿轮部件13与内燃发动机3一起旋转。换句话说，第二齿轮部件13和曲轴7将以相同的速度20旋转。此外，在离合器单元2和内燃发动机之间的曲轴7上还可布置另一个离合器80。
图2示出了变速器1的一个示例性实施例。变速器1具有外壳20，在图2中示出了外壳20的一部分。电动机6的转子轴21由布置于外壳20中的轴承22通过轴承装设。第一齿轮部件12布置于转子轴21上。通过啮合装置14旋转锁定至离合器单元2上的第二齿轮部件13由布置于外壳20中的轴承23、24通过轴承装设。由于输入轴和离合器单元相对于中心轴28旋转对称，因此图中仅示出了离合器单元2的上半部分。
变速器1包括至少一个轴承23，该轴承23被布置成用于通过轴承装设第二齿轮部件13，并且当扭矩从电动机6传递至离合器单元2时，该轴承23承载由电动机6引起的径向负荷。在图2所示的示例性实施例中，变速器1包括被布置成用于通过轴承装设第二齿轮部件13以承载径向负荷的第一轴承23，以及被布置成用于通过轴承装设第二齿轮部件13以承载轴向负荷的第二轴承24。第二齿轮部件13适当地具有从啮合装置14沿朝向中心轴28的径向向内延伸的部分25。径向是指垂直于中心轴28的方向。
第一轴承23布置于变速器1的外壳20和第二齿轮部件部分25的径向表面26之间，以将径向负荷从第二齿轮部件13传递至外壳20。第二轴承24布置于外壳20和第二齿轮部件部分25的轴向表面27之间，以将轴向负荷从第二齿轮部件13传递至外壳20。第一轴承23可以是滚珠轴承，第二轴承24可以是滚柱止推轴承。
用于将径向负荷从第二齿轮部件13传递至外壳20的第一轴承23可适当地布置于啮合装置14的径向的内部，即相比于啮合装置14的位置更靠近离合器单元2的中心轴28和输入轴4、5的位置。
图3a和3b示出了啮合装置14的一个示例性实施例，啮合装置14用于将由电动机6通过第一齿轮部件12驱动的第二齿轮部件13和变速器1的离合器单元2相互连接。
图3a是第二齿轮部件13和离合器单元2彼此啮合的切割视图。图3b在横截面视图中示出了相互分离的第二齿轮部件13和离合器单元2。啮合装置14可以是花键接头。第二齿轮部件13是适当的齿圈，齿圈具有布置于齿圈的外表面上的用于啮合第一齿轮部件12的齿50，以及布置于齿圈的内表面上的用于接合离合器单元2的花键51。离合器单元2设有用于连接至第二齿轮部件13的相应的外部花键52。在另一种解决方案中，连接至第二齿轮部件13的第一齿轮部件12可以是链而非齿轮。
啮合装置14被设计成允许离合器单元2相对于第二齿轮部件13的径向跳动。啮合装置14可具有在第二齿轮部件13和离合器单元2之间的径向间隙。例如，啮合装置14的径向间隙在0.05-0.5mm的区间内、优选地在0.1-0.3mm的区间内。这样的径向间隙将允许离合器单元和第二齿轮部件相对于彼此非同心地定位(由于径向跳动)。这是可能的，例如通过以某种方式设计花键，从而使得第二齿轮部件13的大直径D齿轮超过离合器单元2的相应的大直径D离合器，第二齿轮部件13的小直径d齿轮超过离合器单元2的小直径d离合器，第二齿轮部件13的空间宽度S超过离合器单元2的齿厚T。
可替代地或者与该径向间隙相结合地，啮合装置的至少一部分是柔韧的，以允许离合器单元的径向跳动。
图4a和4b示出了啮合装置14’的另一个示例性实施例，该啮合装置14’用于将由电动机6通过第一齿轮部件12驱动的第二齿轮部件13和变速器1的离合器单元2相互连接
图4a是第二齿轮部件13和离合器单元2相互啮合的切割视图。图4b在横截面视图中示出了相互分离的第二齿轮部件13、弹性材料元件60和离合器单元2。
上述柔韧性质，也可通过由诸如橡胶的弹性材料制成该至少一个啮合装置部分60实现。其他材料也可使用，比如诸如塑料、热塑性塑料。该至少一个啮合装置部分的肖氏硬度A在40-70°Sh的区间内、优选地在50-60°Sh的区间内。
如图4a和4b所示，在第二齿轮部件13和离合器单元2之间可布置诸如橡胶的弹性材料的元件60。这种元件60可以是设有突出部82的环，该环布置于第二齿轮部件13的齿81和离合器单元2的齿83之间。第二齿轮部件的齿81可从第二齿轮部件沿轴向突起，而离合器单元的齿83可从离合器单元沿轴向突起。当传递扭矩时，这种环60应当能承受剪切应力，但能够径向压缩以允许如上所述的径向跳动。
在另一种解决方案中，弹性材料可布置于第二齿轮部件和离合器单元之间的花键槽中和/或花键尖端上，以允许径向跳动，尽管扭矩直接在第二齿轮部件和离合器单元的花键之间传递，即，扭矩不通过由弹性材料制成的啮合装置部分传递。
图5示出了啮合装置14”的另一个示例性实施例。可替代地或者与该径向间隙和/或该弹性材料相结合地，至少一个啮合装置部分可具有用于允许离合器单元2的径向跳动的柔韧指部70。第二齿轮组件13和离合器单元2中的一个可具有柔韧指部(在图5所示的示例性实施例中离合器单元2具有柔韧指部)，而另一个可具有接收柔韧指部70的凹槽71。这些指部70将在第二齿轮部件13和离合器单元2之间传递扭矩，同时它们将能够径向地弯曲以允许径向跳动。这种指部70可被布置在圆盘72上，该圆盘72转而连接至离合器单元2。这些指部沿圆周布置并指向轴向。柔韧指部70的数量和它们之间的空间可以改变，并且也当然地适应于第二齿轮部件13的凹槽71。
图6示出了变速器1的另一个示例性实施例，其中第二齿轮部件13由布置于变速器1的外壳20中的轴承23’通过轴承装设。轴承23’沿径向看与第二齿轮部件13的齿50基本一致。此外，轴承直径与花键接头14的直径大小相同，花键接头14相对于轴承23’沿轴向移置。在这个示例性实施例中，只有一个轴承23’用于承载由电动机引起的径向负荷和任何轴向负荷。
图7示出了另一个示例性实施例，其中第二齿轮部件13由布置于变速器1的外壳20中的轴承23”通过轴承装设。轴承23”被布置为相对于第二齿轮部件13的齿50轴向地移置。此外，轴承23”的直径与花键接头14的直径相比相对较小。在该示例性实施例中，仅使用一个轴承23”承载由电动机6引起的径向负荷和任何轴向负荷。
应当理解，本发明不限于如上所述并如附图中所示的实施例；相反，本领域技术人员将认识到可以在所附权利要求的范围内进行许多改变和修改。

Claims (22)

1.一种用于车辆的变速器(1)，所述变速器包括能够连接至所述变速器的输入轴(4、5)的离合器单元(8)以及电动机(6)，所述电动机(6)连接至所述离合器单元，以通过所述离合器单元将扭矩从所述电动机传递至所述输入轴，所述变速器(1)具有由所述电动机(6)驱动的第一齿轮部件(12)以及通过啮合装置(14)旋转锁定至所述离合器单元(2)的第二齿轮部件(13)，所述第一齿轮部件(12)和所述第二齿轮部件(13)相互啮合，以将扭矩从所述电动机(6)传递至所述离合器单元(2)，所述变速器还包括至少一个轴承(23)，所述轴承(23)被布置成用于通过轴承装设所述第二齿轮部件(13)，并且当扭矩从所述电动机传递至所述离合器单元时，承载由所述电动机引起的径向负荷，所述啮合装置(14)被设计成允许所述离合器单元(2)相对于所述第二齿轮部件(13)的径向跳动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述啮合装置(14)具有在所述第二齿轮部件和所述离合器单元之间的径向间隙。
3.根据权利要求2所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述啮合装置(14)的径向间隙在0.05-0.5mm的区间内，优选地在0.1-0.3mm的区间内。
4.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述啮合装置的至少一个部分(60；70)是柔韧的，以允许所述离合器单元(2)的径向跳动。
5.根据权利要求4所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述至少一个啮合装置部分(60)由弹性材料制成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述至少一个啮合装置部分(60)由橡胶制成。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述至少一个啮合装置部分(60)的肖氏硬度A在40-70°Sh的区间内。
8.根据权利要求4至7中任一项所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述至少一个啮合装置部分具有柔韧指部(70)，所述柔韧指部(70)用于允许所述离合器单元(2)的径向跳动。
9.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述啮合装置(14)是花键接头。
10.根据权利要求9所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述第二齿轮部件(13)是齿圈，所述齿圈具有布置于所述齿圈的外表面上的用于啮合所述第一齿轮部件(12)的齿(50)，以及布置于所述齿圈的内表面上的用于啮合所述离合器单元(2)的花键(51)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述至少一个第二齿轮部件轴承(23’)被布置成沿径向与所述第二齿轮部件(13)的齿(50)基本一致。
12.根据权利要求10所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述至少一个第二齿轮部件轴承(23”)被布置成相对于所述第二齿轮部件(13)的齿(50)轴向地移置。
13.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述至少一个第二齿轮部件轴承(23)布置于所述变速器(1)的外壳(20)中，所述变速器包括一个或多个轴承(22)，所述轴承被布置成用于通过轴承装设所述电动机(6)的转子轴(21)，所述电动机轴承(22)布置于所述外壳(20)中。
14.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述至少一个第二齿轮部件轴承(23)径向地布置于所述啮合装置(14)内部。
15.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述变速器(1)包括被布置成用于通过轴承装设所述第二齿轮部件(13)以承载径向负荷的第一轴承(23)，以及被布置成用于通过轴承装设所述第二齿轮部件(13)以承载轴向负荷的第二轴承(24)。
16.根据权利要求15所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述第二齿轮部件(13)具有从所述啮合装置(14)沿径向方向向内延伸的部分(25)，所述第一轴承(23)布置于所述变速器(1)的外壳(20)和所述第二齿轮部件部分(25)的径向表面(26)之间，以将径向负荷从所述第二齿轮部件传递至所述外壳，所述第二轴承(24)布置于所述外壳(20)和所述第二齿轮部件部分(25)的轴向表面(27)之间，以将轴向负荷从所述第二齿轮部件传递至所述外壳。
17.根据权利要求15或16所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述第一轴承(23)是滚珠轴承，所述第二轴承(24)是滚柱止推轴承。
18.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述第二齿轮部件(13)直接旋转锁定至所述离合器单元(2)的外部部分(15)。
19.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述第二齿轮部件(13)旋转锁定至所述离合器单元(2)的壳体(15)。
20.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述离合器单元(2)是双离合器。
21.根据上述权利要求中任一项所述的变速器，其特征在于，所述第一齿轮部件(12)是齿轮。
22.一种传动系，所述传动系包括根据权利要求1至21中任一项所述的变速器(1)，所述传动系包括能够连接至所述离合器单元(2)的发动机(3)，所述第二齿轮部件(13)被布置成用于当所述发动机连接至所述离合器单元时以与所述发动机(3)相同的速度旋转。
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