CN112251013A - 一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料低rcs测试载体 - Google Patents

一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料低rcs测试载体 Download PDF

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CN112251013A
CN112251013A CN202011224404.0A CN202011224404A CN112251013A CN 112251013 A CN112251013 A CN 112251013A CN 202011224404 A CN202011224404 A CN 202011224404A CN 112251013 A CN112251013 A CN 112251013A
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庞超
张国瑞
谢海岩
王慧
张宏亮
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Chengdu Jiachi Electronic Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及吸波材料技术领域，特别是一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料低RCS测试载体。所述测试载体使用一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料，相对金属而言，在低频测试时，电磁波的边缘绕射明显减弱，测试出来的载体RCS就会比较低，提高电磁散射测试的准确度，且质地较轻，有较好的力学性能，耐热性较好；所述测试载体为低散射外形，降低载体自身的电磁散射，并提供连接部件，消除部件边缘电磁散射、遮挡部件内腔结构电磁散射，增加部件电磁散射测试的准确度。

Description

一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料低RCS测试载体
技术领域
本发明涉及吸波材料技术领域，特别是一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料低RCS测试载体。
背景技术
飞行器在完成总体隐身外形设计后，将要考虑各个部件的隐身性能测试问题。单独部件的隐身性能评估需要使用到低散射载体。目前绝大部分低散射载体都是使用的金属材料，主要通过外形结构，降低载体自身的电磁散射，并提供连接部件，消除部件边缘电磁散射、遮挡部件内腔结构电磁散射，增加部件电磁散射测试的准确度。但是金属载体在低频测试时，电磁波的边缘绕射明显增强，测试出来的载体RCS就会比较高，影响电磁散射测试的准确度。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术在低散射测试载体，低频测试准确度不够的的缺点，提供一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料低RCS测试载体。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来实现：一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料低RCS测试载体，使用一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料，加工成一种低散射外形。使用的吸波复合材料可以尽可能减少低频电磁波的边缘绕射，大大降低测试载体在低频时的RCS，增加低频测试的准确度；所述测试载体包括使用一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料制作而成，载体外形为低散射外形。
所述轻质宽带吸波复合材料的合成步骤包括：
S1.将树脂、分散剂、高性能吸收剂按一定比例混合均匀后，经过双螺杆挤出加工得到含有高性能吸收剂母料，各组分的重量百分比为:树脂50-80%，高性能吸收剂20-50%，分散剂0.1%-1%。
S2.将树脂、成核剂、含有高性能吸收剂的母料熔融共混得到吸波树脂微粒，各组分的重量百分比为：树脂30-60 %、成核剂0.1-1%、含有高性能吸收剂的母料40-70%。
S3.将步骤S2制得的吸波树脂微粒与分散介质和表面活性剂一起投入发泡反应釜中，然后向发泡反应釜中持续通入发泡剂并加热加压，达到设定温度和压力时，迅速泄压，得到吸波树脂发泡珠粒，各组分的重量百分比为：吸波树脂微粒40%-60%、分散介质40%-60%、发泡剂0.1-1%。
S4.先对成型模具进行预热，将步骤S3制得的吸波树脂发泡珠粒，通过料枪加入到预热完成的模具中，
S5.将蒸汽通入模具中加热珠粒。
S6.冷却、脱模。
所述设定温度为160-170℃，压力为2-4MPa。
所述S4步骤中预热温度在100-140℃之间，预热时间为0.5-2小时之间。
所述步骤S5中蒸汽温度在120-140℃，压力在1-2Mpa。
所述高性能吸收剂为石墨烯、导电炭黑、炭纳米管等介电损耗型吸收剂的任意一种或几种；所述分散剂为：高岭土、二氧化钛、碱式碳酸镁、碱式碳酸锌、碳酸钙、二氧化硅和硼酸锌中的任意一种或几种；所述树脂均为同一种树脂，树脂为聚氨酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚醚砜、PS5S5K中的任意一种；所述成核剂为碳酸钙、硫酸镁、滑石粉、氢氧化铝、二氧化硅、硼酸锌中的任意一种或任意几种；所述表面活性剂为：硬脂酸、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、甜菜碱和脂肪酸甘油酯中的任意一种或任意几种；所述分散介质为：去离子水、无水乙醇中的任意一种；所述发泡剂为：二氧化碳、氮气、空气、戊烷和氧气中的任意一种或任意几种。
优选的低散射外形为类似杏仁体，所述载体尺寸为长度方向最长不超过487mm，宽度方向最宽不超过250mm，厚度方向最厚不超过63mm，所述载体左右对称、前后对称，长宽比例在1.5-2.5 之间。
优选的轻质宽带吸波复合材料的吸波性能，在载体的使用尺寸下，吸波性能可以在2～18GHz频段内小于-8dB。
本发明具有以下优点：
1、本发明的轻质宽带吸波复合材料低RCS测试载体相对现有的金属载体，具有更低的RCS，低频效果更加明显，载体的使用尺寸下，吸波性能可以在2～18GHz频段内小于-8dB。
2、本发明的轻质宽带吸波复合材料低RCS测试载体具有质轻的特点，其密度在55-65kg/m3；在25%形变量时压缩强度为380KPa，具有较好的力学强度，拉伸强度为750KPa，弯曲强度为740KPa，拉伸断裂伸长率17%，以及具有较好的耐热性，热变形温度高于150℃。
附图说明
图1是本发明制备的轻质宽带吸波复合材料低RCS测试载体外形；
图2是本发明制备的轻质宽带吸波复合材料低RCS测试载体平板反射率测试曲线；
图3是本发明制备的轻质宽带吸波复合材料低RCS测试载体与金属载体在3GHz平面波入射下的水平极化的单站RCS结果对比。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的描述，但本发明的保护范围不局限于以下所述。
如图1所示，一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料低RCS测试载体，所述测试载体包括使用一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料制作而成，载体外形为类杏仁体的低散射外形。
实施例
轻质宽带吸波复合材料低RCS测试载体，主要使用轻质宽带吸波复合材料代替金属制作低RCS测试载体，制作成类杏仁体外形，如图1所示；密度在55-65kg/m3；在25%形变量时压缩强度为380KPa，具有较好的力学强度，拉伸强度为750KPa，弯曲强度为740KPa，拉伸断裂伸长率17%，以及具有较好的耐热性，热变形温度高于150℃。
轻质宽带吸波复合材料低RCS测试载体的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1.将树脂、分散剂、高性能吸收剂按一定比例混合均匀后，经过双螺杆挤出加工得到含有高性能吸收剂母料，各组分的重量百分比为:树脂50-80%，高性能吸收剂20-50%，分散剂0.1%-1%。
S2.将树脂、成核剂、含有高性能吸收剂的母料熔融共混得到吸波树脂微粒，各组分的重量百分比为：树脂30-60 %、成核剂0.1-1%、含有高性能吸收剂的母料40-70%。
S3.将步骤S2制得的吸波树脂微粒与分散介质和表面活性剂一起投入发泡反应釜中，然后向发泡反应釜中持续通入发泡剂并加热加压，达到设定温度和压力时，迅速泄压，得到吸波树脂发泡珠粒，各组分的重量百分比为：吸波树脂微粒40%-60%、分散介质40%-60%、发泡剂0.1-1%。
S4.先对成型模具进行预热，将步骤S3制得的吸波树脂发泡珠粒，通过料枪加入到预热完成的模具中，
S5.将蒸汽通入模具中加热珠粒。
S6.冷却、脱模。
步骤S3中所述设定温度为160-170℃，压力为2-4MPa。
步骤S4中预热温度在100-140℃之间，预热时间为0.5-2小时之间。
步骤S5中蒸汽温度在120-140℃，压力在1-2Mpa。
所述高性能吸收剂为石墨烯、导电炭黑、炭纳米管等介电损耗型吸收剂的任意一种或几种；所述分散剂为：高岭土、二氧化钛、碱式碳酸镁、碱式碳酸锌、碳酸钙、二氧化硅和硼酸锌中的任意一种或几种；所述树脂均为同一种树脂，树脂为聚氨酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚醚砜、PS5S5K中的任意一种；所述成核剂为碳酸钙、硫酸镁、滑石粉、氢氧化铝、二氧化硅、硼酸锌中的任意一种或几种；所述表面活性剂为：硬脂酸、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、甜菜碱和脂肪酸甘油酯中的任意一种或几种；所述分散介质为：去离子水、无水乙醇中的任意一种；所述发泡剂为：二氧化碳、氮气、空气、戊烷和氧气中的任意一种或几种。
所述轻质宽带吸波复合材料低RCS测试载体具有良好的电磁波宽频带吸收效果，是降低载体低频RCS的关键。轻质宽带吸波复合材料选用测试载体使用尺寸下，电磁波在2-18GHz频段内都有良好的吸收效果，吸收效果如图2所示。使用电磁仿真软件，在相同结构外形下，3GHz平面波入射下的水平极化的单站RCS结果对比如图3所示，0-180度内，RCS减缩10dBsm以上，达到了良好的RCS减缩效果。

Claims (10)

1.一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料低RCS测试载体，其特征在于：所述载体为轻质宽带吸波复合材料制成，外形为类杏仁体的低散射外形；所述载体尺寸为长度方向最长不超过487mm，宽度方向最宽不超过250mm，厚度方向最厚不超过63mm，所述载体左右对称、前后对称，长宽比例在1.5-2.5 之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料低RCS测试载体，其特征在于：所述轻质宽带吸波复合材料密度在55-65kg/m3；压缩强度为380Kpa时形变量不超过25%，拉伸强度为750KPa，弯曲强度为740KPa，拉伸断裂伸长率17%，以及热变形温度高于150℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
S1.将树脂、分散剂、高性能吸收剂按一定比例混合均匀后，经过双螺杆挤出加工得到含有高性能吸收剂母料，各组分的重量百分比为:树脂50-80%，高性能吸收剂20-50%，分散剂0.1%-1%，
S2.将树脂、成核剂、含有高性能吸收剂的母料熔融共混得到吸波树脂微粒，各组分的重量百分比为：树脂30-60 %、成核剂0.1-1%、含有高性能吸收剂的母料40-70%，
S3.将步骤S2制得的吸波树脂微粒与分散介质和表面活性剂一起投入发泡反应釜中，然后向发泡反应釜中持续通入发泡剂并加热加压，达到设定温度和压力时，迅速泄压，得到吸波树脂发泡珠粒，各组分的重量百分比为：吸波树脂微粒40%-60%、分散介质40%-60%、发泡剂0.1-1%，
S4.先对成型模具进行预热，将步骤S3制得的吸波树脂发泡珠粒，通过料枪加入到预热完成的模具中，
S5.将蒸汽通入模具中加热珠粒，
S6.冷却、脱模。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤S3中所述设定温度为160-170℃，压力为2-4Mpa；所述S4步骤中预热温度在100-140℃之间，预热时间为0.5-2小时之间；步骤S5中蒸汽温度在120-140℃，压力在1-2Mpa。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述高性能吸收剂为石墨烯、导电炭黑、炭纳米管等介电损耗型吸收剂的任意一种或任意几种混合材料。
6.根据权利要求3所述的一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述分散剂为高岭土、二氧化钛、碱式碳酸镁、碱式碳酸锌、碳酸钙、二氧化硅和硼酸锌中的任意一种或任意几种混合材料。
7.根据权利要求3所述的一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述树脂均为同一种树脂，树脂为聚氨酯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚醚砜、PS5S5K等中的任意一种。
8.根据权利要求3所述的一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述成核剂为碳酸钙、硫酸镁、滑石粉、氢氧化铝、二氧化硅、硼酸锌中的任意一种或任意几种混合材料。
9.根据权利要求3所述的一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述表面活性剂为硬脂酸、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、甜菜碱和脂肪酸甘油酯中的任意一种或任意几种混合材料。
10.根据权利要求3所述的一种轻质宽带吸波复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述分散介质为去离子水、无水乙醇中的任意一种；所述发泡剂为二氧化碳、氮气、空气、戊烷和氧气中的任意一种或任意几种混合材料。
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