CN112248598B - 一种防凝露调湿片 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种防凝露调湿片,由反渗透层、保水层和吸水层组成,其中,所述吸水层内嵌于所述保水层中,所述保水层的外侧被所述反渗透层完全包裹;所述保水层设置有大小均匀的细孔;所述反渗透层由基膜层和涂覆在所述基膜层表面的选择层组成。本发明解决了现有的防凝露除湿方式通常多采用冷凝除湿机或者加热器的设备进行除湿处理,一方面这种除湿方式需要外接电源才能够工作,即会消耗一定的能耗,增大了电力设备箱体的运行成本,另一方面其整体结构体积较大,无法整合在一起并设置在电力设备箱体内,进而不便于对其进行安装固定,不能够实现对电力设备箱体快速高效节能安全的防凝露除湿处理效果的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及调湿片领域,具体涉及一种防凝露调湿片。
背景技术
户外机柜的防凝露一直是个难题,不仅线缆穿透部位难以实现万全的封堵,日常的昼夜温差也是凝露生成的原因。例如:在温度25℃,湿度60%的情况下关上柜盖,温度下降8.3℃就会到达16.7℃的露点,此时若继续降温则内部就会发生结露现象。电气设备在此类环境下,电力系统内部的绝缘器件表面结露,这就会大大降低器件的绝缘,导致电力设备箱体内的电子元器件表面放电,进而损坏绝缘器件造成电力系统短路故障,不利于电力设备箱体的安全运行,因此为了避免电力设备箱体发生凝露的现象,需要对电力设备箱体的内腔进行调试防凝露的处理。然而现有的防凝露除湿方式通常多采用冷凝除湿机或者加热器的设备进行除湿处理,一方面这种除湿方式需要外接电源才能够工作,即会消耗一定的能耗,增大了电力设备箱体的运行成本,另一方面其整体结构体积较大,无法整合在一起并设置在电力设备箱体内,进而不便于对其进行安装固定,不能够实现对电力设备箱体快速高效节能安全的防凝露除湿处理效果。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明提供一种防凝露调湿片,由反渗透层、保水层和吸水层组成,其中,所述吸水层内嵌于所述保水层中,所述保水层的外侧被所述反渗透层完全包裹;所述保水层设置有大小均匀的细孔;
所述反渗透层由基膜层和涂覆在基膜层表面的选择层组成。
优选地,所述吸水层设置不小于两层。
优选地,所述反渗透层的厚度为100~200μm;所述保水层的厚度为1~30mm,所述吸水层的厚度为100~300μm。
优选地,所述保水层由改性聚乙烯醇胶棉制备得到。
优选地,所述吸水层由聚丙烯酸高吸水树脂制备得到。
优选地,所述改性聚乙烯醇胶棉由微晶纤维素和纳米蒙脱石对聚乙烯醇改性得到。
优选地,所述纳米蒙脱石为经插层、改性、剥片处理而得到的片径不大于100nm的蒙脱石。
优选地,所述基膜层由改性埃洛石与聚丙烯腈复合制备得到;所述选择层由芳香聚酰胺材料制备得到。
优选地,所述改性埃洛石的制备方法为:
S1.称取埃洛石纳米管加入至0.1mol/L的盐酸中,超声处理0.5~1h后,过滤收集固体,使用纯化水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,得到活化埃洛石纳米管;
其中,埃洛石纳米管与盐酸的质量比为1:6~12;
S2.称取硼酸与所述活化埃洛石纳米管混合后,加入至石墨研钵中研磨2~5h,之后置于高温炉中,在惰性气体的保护下升温至500~600℃,随炉冷却至室温后,得到氧化硼/埃洛石纳米管;
其中,硼酸与所述活化埃洛石纳米管的质量比为1:2.5~6.2;升温速度为5~10℃/min;
S3.称取羟苯磺酸钙加入至去离子水中,再加入乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷,搅拌至完全溶解后,加入所述氧化硼/埃洛石纳米管,超声处理0.5~1h后,倒入四氟乙烯为内衬的反应釜中,升温至120~160℃,反应8~12h后,过滤收集固体,使用纯化水洗涤三次,置于80~100℃下干燥,得到改性埃洛石纳米管;
其中,羟苯磺酸钙、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、所述氧化硼/埃洛石纳米管与去离子水的质量比为1:0.01~0.02:3.2~5.5:10~15。
优选地,所述基层膜的制备过程为:
S1.称取聚丙烯腈和乙基纤维素加入至N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,搅拌至均匀后,加入所述改性埃洛石纳米管,升温至60~80℃搅拌12~18h后,冷却至室温,得到聚丙烯腈铸膜液;
其中,聚丙烯腈、乙基纤维素、所述改性埃洛石纳米管与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的质量比为1:0.1~0.3:0.1~0.2:3~5;
S2.将所述聚丙烯腈铸膜液均匀地浇铸在模板上,刮涂后迅速地浸入凝固浴中,待膜脱离模板后取出,使用纯化水浸泡3~5h后,干燥处理,得到基膜层。
优选地,所述改性聚乙烯醇胶棉的制备方法为:
S1.称取聚乙烯醇加入至去离子水中,搅拌至均匀后,依次加入微晶纤维素和纳米蒙脱石,升温至50~60℃,再次搅拌至均匀后,得到混合料A;
其中,聚乙烯醇、微晶纤维素、纳米蒙脱石与去离子水的质量比为1:0.1~0.17:0.2~0.34:2~4;
S2.称取脂肪酸甘油酯加入至所述混合料A中,升温至60~70℃,搅拌至均匀后,加入氯化铵,搅拌反应3~5h,得到混合料B;
其中,脂肪酸甘油酯与所述混合料A的质量比为1:24~40;
S3.称取二甲氧基甲烷加入至所述混合料B中,在60~70℃的温度下搅拌至均匀后,得到聚乙烯醇浇铸液;
其中,二甲氧基甲烷与所述混合料B的质量比为1:1.7~2.8;
S4.将所述聚乙烯醇浇铸液均匀地浇铸在模板上,固化后得到改性聚乙烯醇胶棉。
本发明的有益效果为:
1.本发明采用反渗透层、保水层和吸水层制备得到了一种防凝露调湿片,该防凝露调湿片能够针对湿度的不同从而进行调节,它对于水分子具有“双向”的调节功能,当空间湿度偏高时能吸附环境中水蒸气而使空间湿度降低,当空间湿度偏低时又释放出水蒸气而提高空间湿度,如此吸放湿起到缓和及平衡环境相对湿度波动的作用。因此,当将本发明所制备的防凝露调湿片放置于或黏附于电力设备箱体内,能够起到对电力设备箱体的内部自动调湿的效果,从而保证电力设备箱体的正常运行。
2.本发明的反渗透层采用基膜层和涂覆在基膜层表面的选择层组成,该反渗透层能够较好的起到调节防凝露调湿片的水分释放速度以及释放量的大小。其中,基膜层由改性埃洛石与聚丙烯腈复合制备得到。聚丙烯腈本身作为一种亲水材料,具有加工成膜简单、制膜成本低的优点,但是其强度较低、脆性较大,且耐酸碱程度较弱,本发明通过使用改性埃洛石对其强度、脆性和耐酸碱性进行改性,使其能够得到更加长久的使用。选择层的由芳香聚酰胺材料制备得到,芳香聚酰胺材料具有较强的选择透过性,成膜性好、耐氧化性优异。改性埃洛石的制备是先采用硼酸吸附在埃洛石纳米管的内部以及表面,之后通过高温处理硼酸分解成具有强烈吸水性的氧化硼接枝在埃洛石纳米管的孔径内部以及外表面,然后再将能够调节通透性的羟苯磺酸钙与氧化硼/埃洛石纳米管表面的活性基团接枝交联,最终得到改性埃洛石。改性埃洛石与聚丙烯腈的结合除了提升了基膜的亲水性,也提供了基膜中新的无阻力水传输通道,再加上改性埃洛石能够使选择层的芳香聚酰胺材料与基层交联结合,从而融合性更好,进一步提升了反渗透层膜的渗透通量与渗透选择性。
3.本发明的保水层由改性聚乙烯醇胶棉制备得到,该保水层能够储存大量的水分。其中,改性聚乙烯醇胶棉是采用氯化铵作为催化剂、脂肪酸甘油酯作为活性剂、二甲氧基甲烷作为固化剂、微晶纤维素和纳米蒙脱石作为改性剂与聚乙烯醇反应制备得到。本发明制备的改性聚乙烯醇胶棉相比较一般的聚乙烯醇吸水材料,具有更加优异的保水储水能力。其中纳米蒙脱石是经纳米杂化而得到蒙脱石,具有更大比表面积,能够大幅度提高聚乙烯醇的吸附能力;微晶纤维素是具有较低聚合度和较大的比表面积的多孔状颗粒,其分子之间存在氢键,在与聚乙烯醇及其他细小的分子混合后,聚乙烯醇分子及其他细小的分子能够进入载体的多孔结构内部,从而被分子间的氢键包含,干燥后被固定,从而能够将聚乙烯醇与其他原料结合的更加紧密,此外其强大的吸水性能提升了提高聚乙烯醇的吸附能力。
4.本发明制备的防凝露调湿片能够根据电力设备箱体环境的湿度进行自动调节湿度。当环境湿度高于70%时,调湿片会从环境中自动吸湿,使环境湿度下降;当环境湿度低于30%时,调湿片会向环境中自动放湿,使环境湿度提高,从而达到一个自动调节环境湿度的作用。
附图说明
利用附图对本发明作进一步说明,但附图中的实施例不构成对本发明的任何限制,对于本领域的普通技术人员,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据以下附图获得其它的附图。
图1是本发明一种防凝露调湿片的结构示意图;
附图标记:反渗透层1、保水层2和吸水层3。
具体实施方式
结合以下实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例1
一种防凝露调湿片,由反渗透层1、保水层2和吸水层3组成,其中,所述吸水层3内嵌于所述保水层2中,所述保水层2的外侧被所述反渗透层1完全包裹;所述保水层2设置有大小均匀的细孔;
所述反渗透层1由基膜层和涂覆在基膜层表面的选择层组成。
所述吸水层3设置为四层。
所述防凝露调湿片在使用时可以放置在电力设备箱体的内部,或者粘贴在电力设备箱体的内表面。
所述保水层2由改性聚乙烯醇胶棉制备得到。
所述吸水层3由聚丙烯酸高吸水树脂制备得到。
所述改性聚乙烯醇胶棉由微晶纤维素和纳米蒙脱石对聚乙烯醇改性得到。
所述纳米蒙脱石为经插层、改性、剥片处理而得到的片径不大于100nm的蒙脱石。
所述基膜层由改性埃洛石与聚丙烯腈复合制备得到;所述选择层由芳香聚酰胺材料制备得到。
所述改性埃洛石的制备方法为:
S1.称取埃洛石纳米管加入至0.1mol/L的盐酸中,超声处理0.5~1h后,过滤收集固体,使用纯化水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,得到活化埃洛石纳米管;
其中,埃洛石纳米管与盐酸的质量比为1:8;
S2.称取硼酸与所述活化埃洛石纳米管混合后,加入至石墨研钵中研磨2~5h,之后置于高温炉中,在惰性气体的保护下升温至500~600℃,随炉冷却至室温后,得到氧化硼/埃洛石纳米管;
其中,硼酸与所述活化埃洛石纳米管的质量比为1:4.4;升温速度为8℃/min;
S3.称取羟苯磺酸钙加入至去离子水中,再加入乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷,搅拌至完全溶解后,加入所述氧化硼/埃洛石纳米管,超声处理0.5~1h后,倒入四氟乙烯为内衬的反应釜中,升温至120~160℃,反应8~12h后,过滤收集固体,使用纯化水洗涤三次,置于80~100℃下干燥,得到改性埃洛石纳米管;
其中,羟苯磺酸钙、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、所述氧化硼/埃洛石纳米管与去离子水的质量比为1:0.01:4.3:12。
所述基层膜的制备过程为:
S1.称取聚丙烯腈和乙基纤维素加入至N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,搅拌至均匀后,加入所述改性埃洛石纳米管,升温至60~80℃搅拌12~18h后,冷却至室温,得到聚丙烯腈铸膜液;
其中,聚丙烯腈、乙基纤维素、所述改性埃洛石纳米管与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的质量比为1:0.2:0.2:4;
S2.将所述聚丙烯腈铸膜液均匀地浇铸在模板上,刮涂后迅速地浸入凝固浴中,待膜脱离模板后取出,使用纯化水浸泡3~5h后,干燥处理,得到基膜层。
所述改性聚乙烯醇胶棉的制备方法为:
S1.称取聚乙烯醇加入至去离子水中,搅拌至均匀后,依次加入微晶纤维素和纳米蒙脱石,升温至50~60℃,再次搅拌至均匀后,得到混合料A;
其中,聚乙烯醇、微晶纤维素、纳米蒙脱石与去离子水的质量比为1:0.13:0.28:3;
S2.称取脂肪酸甘油酯加入至所述混合料A中,升温至60~70℃,搅拌至均匀后,加入氯化铵,搅拌反应3~5h,得到混合料B;
其中,脂肪酸甘油酯与所述混合料A的质量比为1:32;
S3.称取二甲氧基甲烷加入至所述混合料B中,在60~70℃的温度下搅拌至均匀后,得到聚乙烯醇浇铸液;
其中,二甲氧基甲烷与所述混合料B的质量比为1:2.1;
S4.将所述聚乙烯醇浇铸液均匀地浇铸在模板上,固化后得到改性聚乙烯醇胶棉。
实施例2
一种防凝露调湿片,由反渗透层1、保水层2和吸水层3组成,其中,所述吸水层3内嵌于所述保水层2中,所述保水层2的外侧被所述反渗透层1完全包裹;所述保水层2设置有大小均匀的细孔;
所述反渗透层1由基膜层和涂覆在基膜层表面的选择层组成。
所述吸水层3的设置为两层。
所述防凝露调湿片在使用时可以放置在电力设备箱体的内部,或者粘贴在电力设备箱体的内表面。
所述保水层2由改性聚乙烯醇胶棉制备得到。
所述吸水层3由聚丙烯酸高吸水树脂制备得到。
所述改性聚乙烯醇胶棉由微晶纤维素和纳米蒙脱石对聚乙烯醇改性得到。
所述纳米蒙脱石为经插层、改性、剥片处理而得到的片径不大于100nm的蒙脱石。
所述基膜层由改性埃洛石与聚丙烯腈复合制备得到;所述选择层由芳香聚酰胺材料制备得到。
所述改性埃洛石的制备方法为:
S1.称取埃洛石纳米管加入至0.1mol/L的盐酸中,超声处理0.5~1h后,过滤收集固体,使用纯化水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,得到活化埃洛石纳米管;
其中,埃洛石纳米管与盐酸的质量比为1:6;
S2.称取硼酸与所述活化埃洛石纳米管混合后,加入至石墨研钵中研磨2~5h,之后置于高温炉中,在惰性气体的保护下升温至500~600℃,随炉冷却至室温后,得到氧化硼/埃洛石纳米管;
其中,硼酸与所述活化埃洛石纳米管的质量比为1:2.5;升温速度为5℃/min;
S3.称取羟苯磺酸钙加入至去离子水中,再加入乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷,搅拌至完全溶解后,加入所述氧化硼/埃洛石纳米管,超声处理0.5~1h后,倒入四氟乙烯为内衬的反应釜中,升温至120~160℃,反应8~12h后,过滤收集固体,使用纯化水洗涤三次,置于80~100℃下干燥,得到改性埃洛石纳米管;
其中,羟苯磺酸钙、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、所述氧化硼/埃洛石纳米管与去离子水的质量比为1:0.01:3.2:10。
所述基层膜的制备过程为:
S1.称取聚丙烯腈和乙基纤维素加入至N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,搅拌至均匀后,加入所述改性埃洛石纳米管,升温至60~80℃搅拌12~18h后,冷却至室温,得到聚丙烯腈铸膜液;
其中,聚丙烯腈、乙基纤维素、所述改性埃洛石纳米管与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的质量比为1:0.1:0.1:3;
S2.将所述聚丙烯腈铸膜液均匀地浇铸在模板上,刮涂后迅速地浸入凝固浴中,待膜脱离模板后取出,使用纯化水浸泡3~5h后,干燥处理,得到基膜层。
所述改性聚乙烯醇胶棉的制备方法为:
S1.称取聚乙烯醇加入至去离子水中,搅拌至均匀后,依次加入微晶纤维素和纳米蒙脱石,升温至50~60℃,再次搅拌至均匀后,得到混合料A;
其中,聚乙烯醇、微晶纤维素、纳米蒙脱石与去离子水的质量比为1:0.1:0.2:2;
S2.称取脂肪酸甘油酯加入至所述混合料A中,升温至60~70℃,搅拌至均匀后,加入氯化铵,搅拌反应3~5h,得到混合料B;
其中,脂肪酸甘油酯与所述混合料A的质量比为1:24;
S3.称取二甲氧基甲烷加入至所述混合料B中,在60~70℃的温度下搅拌至均匀后,得到聚乙烯醇浇铸液;
其中,二甲氧基甲烷与所述混合料B的质量比为1:1.7;
S4.将所述聚乙烯醇浇铸液均匀地浇铸在模板上,固化后得到改性聚乙烯醇胶棉。
实施例3
一种防凝露调湿片,由反渗透层1、保水层2和吸水层3组成,其中,所述吸水层3内嵌于所述保水层2中,所述保水层2的外侧被所述反渗透层1完全包裹;所述保水层2设置有大小均匀的细孔;
所述反渗透层1由基膜层和涂覆在基膜层表面的选择层组成。
所述吸水层3设置为两层。
所述防凝露调湿片在使用时可以放置在电力设备箱体的内部,或者粘贴在电力设备箱体的内表面。
所述保水层2由改性聚乙烯醇胶棉制备得到。
所述吸水层3由聚丙烯酸高吸水树脂制备得到。
所述改性聚乙烯醇胶棉由微晶纤维素和纳米蒙脱石对聚乙烯醇改性得到。
所述纳米蒙脱石为经插层、改性、剥片处理而得到的片径不大于100nm的蒙脱石。
所述基膜层由改性埃洛石与聚丙烯腈复合制备得到;所述选择层由芳香聚酰胺材料制备得到。
所述改性埃洛石的制备方法为:
S1.称取埃洛石纳米管加入至0.1mol/L的盐酸中,超声处理0.5~1h后,过滤收集固体,使用纯化水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,得到活化埃洛石纳米管;
其中,埃洛石纳米管与盐酸的质量比为1:12;
S2.称取硼酸与所述活化埃洛石纳米管混合后,加入至石墨研钵中研磨2~5h,之后置于高温炉中,在惰性气体的保护下升温至500~600℃,随炉冷却至室温后,得到氧化硼/埃洛石纳米管;
其中,硼酸与所述活化埃洛石纳米管的质量比为1:6.2;升温速度为10℃/min;
S3.称取羟苯磺酸钙加入至去离子水中,再加入乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷,搅拌至完全溶解后,加入所述氧化硼/埃洛石纳米管,超声处理0.5~1h后,倒入四氟乙烯为内衬的反应釜中,升温至120~160℃,反应8~12h后,过滤收集固体,使用纯化水洗涤三次,置于80~100℃下干燥,得到改性埃洛石纳米管;
其中,羟苯磺酸钙、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、所述氧化硼/埃洛石纳米管与去离子水的质量比为1:0.02:5.5:15。
所述基层膜的制备过程为:
S1.称取聚丙烯腈和乙基纤维素加入至N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,搅拌至均匀后,加入所述改性埃洛石纳米管,升温至60~80℃搅拌12~18h后,冷却至室温,得到聚丙烯腈铸膜液;
其中,聚丙烯腈、乙基纤维素、所述改性埃洛石纳米管与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的质量比为1:0.3:0.2:5;
S2.将所述聚丙烯腈铸膜液均匀地浇铸在模板上,刮涂后迅速地浸入凝固浴中,待膜脱离模板后取出,使用纯化水浸泡3~5h后,干燥处理,得到基膜层。
所述改性聚乙烯醇胶棉的制备方法为:
S1.称取聚乙烯醇加入至去离子水中,搅拌至均匀后,依次加入微晶纤维素和纳米蒙脱石,升温至50~60℃,再次搅拌至均匀后,得到混合料A;
其中,聚乙烯醇、微晶纤维素、纳米蒙脱石与去离子水的质量比为1:0.17:0.34:4;
S2.称取脂肪酸甘油酯加入至所述混合料A中,升温至60~70℃,搅拌至均匀后,加入氯化铵,搅拌反应3~5h,得到混合料B;
其中,脂肪酸甘油酯与所述混合料A的质量比为1:40;
S3.称取二甲氧基甲烷加入至所述混合料B中,在60~70℃的温度下搅拌至均匀后,得到聚乙烯醇浇铸液;
其中,二甲氧基甲烷与所述混合料B的质量比为1:2.8;
S4.将所述聚乙烯醇浇铸液均匀地浇铸在模板上,固化后得到改性聚乙烯醇胶棉。
对比例
一种防凝露调湿片,由反渗透层、保水层和吸水层组成,其中,所述吸水层内嵌于所述保水层中,所述保水层的外侧被所述反渗透层完全包裹;所述保水设置有大小均匀的细孔;
所述反渗透层由基膜层和涂覆在基膜层表面的选择层组成。
所述吸水层设置为四层。
所述防凝露调湿片在使用时可以放置在电力设备箱体的内部,或者粘贴在电力设备箱体的内表面。
所述保水层由聚乙烯醇胶棉制备得到。
所述吸水层由聚丙烯酸高吸水树脂制备得到。
所述纳米蒙脱石为经插层、改性、剥片处理而得到的片径不大于100nm的蒙脱石。
所述基膜层由埃洛石纳米管与聚丙烯腈复合制备得到;所述选择层由芳香聚酰胺材料制备得到。
所述基层膜的制备过程为:
S1.称取聚丙烯腈和乙基纤维素加入至N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,搅拌至均匀后,升温至60~80℃搅拌12~18h后,冷却至室温,得到聚丙烯腈铸膜液;
其中,聚丙烯腈、乙基纤维素与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的质量比为1:0.2:0.2:4;
S2.将所述聚丙烯腈铸膜液均匀地浇铸在模板上,刮涂后迅速地浸入凝固浴中,待膜脱离模板后取出,使用纯化水浸泡3~5h后,干燥处理,得到基膜层。
所述聚乙烯醇胶棉的制备方法为:
S1.称取聚乙烯醇加入至去离子水中,搅拌至均匀后,升温至50~60℃,再次搅拌至均匀后,得到混合料A;
其中,聚乙烯醇与去离子水的质量比为1:3;
S2.称取脂肪酸甘油酯加入至所述混合料A中,升温至60~70℃,搅拌至均匀后,加入氯化铵,搅拌反应3~5h,得到混合料B;
其中,脂肪酸甘油酯与所述混合料A的质量比为1:32;
S3.称取二甲氧基甲烷加入至所述混合料B中,在60~70℃的温度下搅拌至均匀后,得到聚乙烯醇浇铸液;
其中,二甲氧基甲烷与所述混合料B的质量比为1:2.1;
S4.将所述聚乙烯醇浇铸液均匀地浇铸在模板上,固化后得到聚乙烯醇胶棉。
为了更清楚的说明本发明,将本发明实施例1~3以及对比例中所制备的防凝露调湿片进行性能上的检测,将防凝露调湿片置于机械式恒温箱内,根据标准JC/T2082-2011中的方法进行检测其调湿性能。其中,防凝露调湿片属于标准中的第二类,长×宽为5cm×5cm;反渗透层的厚度为150μm;所述保水层的厚度为2mm,所述吸水层的厚度为200μm。
结果如表1所示。
表1防凝露调湿片的性能检测
由表1可知,本发明实施例1~3所制备的防凝露调湿片在24h内各时间段的吸湿量远远大于对比例,说明其吸湿效果较为优异;本发明实施例1~3所制备的防凝露调湿片在24h的放湿量小于吸湿量的60%,而对比例的超过了吸湿量的80%,说明本发明所制备的防凝露调湿片的保湿能力较为优异。
最后应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细地说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种防凝露调湿片,其特征在于,由反渗透层、保水层和吸水层组成,其中,所述吸水层内嵌于所述保水层中,所述保水层的外侧被所述反渗透层完全包裹;所述保水层设置有大小均匀的细孔;
所述反渗透层由基膜层和涂覆在所述基膜层表面的选择层组成;
所述基膜层由改性埃洛石与聚丙烯腈复合制备得到;所述选择层由芳香聚酰胺材料制备得到;
所述改性埃洛石的制备方法为:
S1.称取埃洛石纳米管加入至0.1mol/L的盐酸中,超声处理0.5~1h后,过滤收集固体,使用纯化水洗涤至洗涤液呈中性,得到活化埃洛石纳米管;
其中,埃洛石纳米管与盐酸的质量比为1:6~12;
S2.称取硼酸与所述活化埃洛石纳米管混合后,加入至石墨研钵中研磨2~5h,之后置于高温炉中,在惰性气体的保护下升温至500~600℃,随炉冷却至室温后,得到氧化硼/埃洛石纳米管;
其中,硼酸与所述活化埃洛石纳米管的质量比为1:2.5~6.2;升温速度为5~10℃/min;
S3.称取羟苯磺酸钙加入至去离子水中,再加入乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷,搅拌至完全溶解后,加入所述氧化硼/埃洛石纳米管,超声处理0.5~1h后,倒入四氟乙烯为内衬的反应釜中,升温至120~160℃,反应8~12h后,过滤收集固体,使用纯化水洗涤三次,置于80~100℃下干燥,得到改性埃洛石纳米管;
其中,羟苯磺酸钙、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、所述氧化硼/埃洛石纳米管与去离子水的质量比为1:0.01~0.02:3.2~5.5:10~15。
2.根据权利要求1所述的防凝露调湿片,其特征在于,所述吸水层设置不小于两层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的防凝露调湿片,其特征在于,所述保水层由改性聚乙烯醇胶棉制备得到。
4.根据权利要求1所述的防凝露调湿片,其特征在于,所述吸水层由聚丙烯酸高吸水树脂制备得到。
5.根据权利要求3所述的防凝露调湿片,其特征在于,所述改性聚乙烯醇胶棉由微晶纤维素和纳米蒙脱石对聚乙烯醇改性得到。
6.根据权利要求5所述的防凝露调湿片,其特征在于,所述纳米蒙脱石为经插层、改性、剥片处理而得到的片径不大于100nm的蒙脱石。
7.根据权利要求1所述的防凝露调湿片,其特征在于,所述基膜层的制备过程为:
S1.称取聚丙烯腈和乙基纤维素加入至N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,搅拌至均匀后,加入所述改性埃洛石纳米管,升温至60~80℃搅拌12~18h后,冷却至室温,得到聚丙烯腈铸膜液;
其中,聚丙烯腈、乙基纤维素、所述改性埃洛石纳米管与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺的质量比为1:0.1~0.3:0.1~0.2:3~5;
S2.将所述聚丙烯腈铸膜液均匀地浇铸在模板上,刮涂后迅速地浸入凝固浴中,待膜脱离模板后取出,使用纯化水浸泡3~5h后,干燥处理,得到基膜层。
8.根据权利要求5所述的防凝露调湿片,其特征在于,所述改性聚乙烯醇胶棉的制备方法为:
S1.称取聚乙烯醇加入至去离子水中,搅拌至均匀后,依次加入微晶纤维素和纳米蒙脱石,升温至50~60℃,再次搅拌至均匀后,得到混合料A;
其中,聚乙烯醇、微晶纤维素、纳米蒙脱石与去离子水的质量比为1:0.1~0.17:0.2~0.34:2~4;
S2.称取脂肪酸甘油酯加入至所述混合料A中,升温至60~70℃,搅拌至均匀后,加入氯化铵,搅拌反应3~5h,得到混合料B;
其中,脂肪酸甘油酯与所述混合料A的质量比为1:24~40;
S3.称取二甲氧基甲烷加入至所述混合料B中,在60~70℃的温度下搅拌至均匀后,得到聚乙烯醇浇铸液;
其中,二甲氧基甲烷与所述混合料B的质量比为1:1.7~2.8;
S4.将所述聚乙烯醇浇铸液均匀地浇铸在模板上,固化后得到改性聚乙烯醇胶棉。
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