EP2652191B1 - Polymer composite materials for building air conditioning or dehumidification and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Polymer composite materials for building air conditioning or dehumidification and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- EP2652191B1 EP2652191B1 EP10860689.8A EP10860689A EP2652191B1 EP 2652191 B1 EP2652191 B1 EP 2652191B1 EP 10860689 A EP10860689 A EP 10860689A EP 2652191 B1 EP2652191 B1 EP 2652191B1
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- hydrophilic polymer
- solution
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- composite material
- prepare
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- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims description 48
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000002121 nanofiber Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920001477 hydrophilic polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001523 electrospinning Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfobutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O ULUAUXLGCMPNKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920000172 poly(styrenesulfonic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940005642 polystyrene sulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical group O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002125 SokalanĀ® Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940006186 sodium polystyrene sulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000607142 Salmonella Species 0.000 description 5
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- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- -1 dibenzoyl peroxide Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- FNVLANCFUDHVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-diethoxypropyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCOC(OCC)CC[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC FNVLANCFUDHVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutaraldehyde Chemical compound O=CCCCC=O SXRSQZLOMIGNAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)OCC BOTDANWDWHJENH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004972 metal peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052914 metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D19/00—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium
- F28D19/04—Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus in which the intermediate heat-transfer medium or body is moved successively into contact with each heat-exchange medium using rigid bodies, e.g. mounted on a movable carrier
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0015—Electro-spinning characterised by the initial state of the material
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/0007—Electro-spinning
- D01D5/0061—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus
- D01D5/0076—Electro-spinning characterised by the electro-spinning apparatus characterised by the collecting device, e.g. drum, wheel, endless belt, plate or grid
- D01D5/0084—Coating by electro-spinning, i.e. the electro-spun fibres are not removed from the collecting device but remain integral with it, e.g. coating of prostheses
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
- D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
- D01F1/10—Other agents for modifying properties
- D01F1/103—Agents inhibiting growth of microorganisms
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D01F6/14—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polymers of unsaturated alcohols, e.g. polyvinyl alcohol, or of their acetals or ketals
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/44—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds
- D01F6/50—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from mixtures of polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds as major constituent with other polymers or low-molecular-weight compounds of polyalcohols, polyacetals or polyketals
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
- D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
- D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
- D04H1/728—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged by electro-spinning
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
- F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
- F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
- F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
- F24F3/147—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification with both heat and humidity transfer between supplied and exhausted air
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to polymer composite materials for building air conditioning or dehumidification and a method for preparing the same. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to the preparation of high-efficiency composite materials for building air conditioning or dehumidification having superior antibacterial properties and durability as well as excellent water adsorption/desorption ability due to a large surface area by electrospinning of a polymer composite material solution with a crosslinking agent or a crosslinking agent and a porous filler added to a hydrophilic polymer solution to prepare a fiber sheet composed of fibers having a nano or a submicron scale diameter followed by crosslinking.
- Air conditioning of a building includes heating, cooling, ventilation and heat exchage. Quality air conditioning provides a healthy and comfortable environment, improves satisfaction with the indoor environment and enhances productivity.
- Two heat loads - sensible heat and latent heat - determine the capacity of an air conditioning system.
- the latent heat load accounts for 30-50% of the total heat load.
- the sensible heat means the heat exchanged during a change of temperature
- the latent heat refers to the heat that cannot be observed as a change of temperature, e.g. heat absorbed during the phase change of water.
- a phase change of water without change of temperature results in an air conditioning load. If water is removed from the air using an air conditioning material, the size and energy consumption of an air conditioner may be reduced since the dehumidification/cooling system needs only to address the sensible heat load.
- the air conditioning system includes a total heat exchanger for a ventilation unit, a dehumidification rotor for dehumidification/cooling, a rotor-type total heat exchanger, or the like.
- Fig. 1 shows a rotor-type total heat exchanger, illustrating a process whereby air is supplied from outside and indoor air is exhausted outside. After water is absorbed from the indoor air to be exhausted in order to reduce the latent heat load, a water-absorbent polymer composite material exchanges heat with water in the air supplied from outside and supplies the air indoors while the rotor-type total heat exchanger rotates, thus providing cool air and ventilation with reduced energy consumption.
- KR 2010 0000093 A discloses a manufacturing method of a honeycomb structure for an air-to-air heat exchanger.
- aspects of the present disclosure are directed to high-efficiency composite materials for building air conditioning or dehumidification having antibacterial properties as well as excellent water absorbing ability and being easily applicable to various designs.
- the present disclosure provides a method for preparing a polymer composite material for building air conditioning or dehumidification with the features of claim 1.
- the polymer composite material for building air conditioning or dehumidification has superior antibacterial properties and excellent water-adsorbing ability and durability.
- the polymer composite material may control humidity when used for air conditioning of a building, thereby reducing air conditioning load and improving energy efficiency.
- the polymer composite material may prevent various diseases and allows supply of pleasant indoor air.
- the polymer composite material may remove moisture from hot and humid air in the summer, thus reducing air conditioning load by decreasing latent heat load and saving energy.
- the high-efficiency polymer composite material may be used in moisture-sensitive production processes or industrial applications requiring moisture control or protection from damage or corrosion by moisture in order to dehumidify and provide dry air.
- the polymer composite material according to the present disclosure may be utilized for water adsorption and dehumidification in various fields, for example, in building air conditioning and dehumidification/cooling, including a total heat exchanger of a ventilation unit, a dehumidification rotor for dehumidification/cooling and a rotor-type total heat exchanger.
- a method for preparing a polymer composite material for building air conditioning or dehumidification includes: (S1) adding a crosslinking agent or a crosslinking agent and a porous filler for conferring durability and antibacterial properties into a hydrophilic polymer solution to prepare a polymer composite material solution; (S2) electrospinning the polymer composite material solution to prepare a nanofiber sheet; and (S3) crosslinking the nanofiber sheet by heat-treatment.
- a crosslinking agent or a crosslinking agent and a porous filler are added to a hydrophilic polymer solution in order to confer durability and antibacterial properties, thereby preparing a polymer composite material solution.
- the hydrophilic polymer solution may be prepared by dissolving at least one hydrophilic polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polystyrene sulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acid/maleic acid copolymer, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, polyacrylate, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, cellulose derivatives, and ion exchange resins in at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of water, alcohol, DMF, NMP and DMAc.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- polystyrene sulfonic acid polystyrene sulfonic acid/maleic acid copolymer
- sodium polystyrene sulfonate polyacrylate
- the content of the hydrophilic polymer may be 0.5 to 50 wt% based on the weight of the hydrophilic polymer solution. If the hydrophilic polymer content exceeds 50 wt%, the resulting high viscosity may prevent effective electrospinning. Conversely, if the hydrophilic polymer content is below 0.5 wt%, nanofiber may not be produced because of low viscosity.
- This step may include: dissolving a hydrophilic polymer in a solvent to prepare a first solution; dissolving another hydrophilic polymer different from the first hydrophilic polymer in a solvent to prepare a second solution; and mixing the first solution and the second solution to prepare the hydrophilic polymer solution.
- the proportion of the contents of the hydrophilic polymers in the hydrophilic polymer solution is not particularly limited and may be appropriately adjusted considering required physical properties.
- the crosslinking agent added to improve durability and antibacterial properties may include at least one selected from the group consisting of peroxides such as dibenzoyl peroxide, inorganic precursors such as tetraethyl orthosilicate, silane coupling agents such as 3,3-diethoxypropyltriethoxysilane, aldehydes such as glutaraldehyde, polyacrylic acids, diisocyanates, diacids and derivatives thereof, and organic acids containing a sulfonic acid group.
- peroxides such as dibenzoyl peroxide
- inorganic precursors such as tetraethyl orthosilicate
- silane coupling agents such as 3,3-diethoxypropyltriethoxysilane
- aldehydes such as glutaraldehyde
- polyacrylic acids diisocyanates
- diacids and derivatives thereof organic acids containing a sulfonic acid group.
- an organic acid containing a sulfonic acid group selected from the group consisting of sulfosuccinic acid (SSA), polystyrene sulfonic acid and poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt may be used.
- the porous filler added to improve durability and antibacterial properties may be zeolite, SBA-15, MCM-41, silica gel, carbon, carbon nanotube, or the like. Further, a porous filler substituted with metal ions such as Cu or Ag may also be used.
- the content of the crosslinking agent in the polymer composite material solution may be 20 wt% or less based on the weight of the hydrophilic polymer. If the content of the crosslinking agent exceeds 20 wt%, the resulting polymer composite material may be too hard or brittle.
- the content of the porous filler in the polymer composite material solution may be 50 wt% or less based on the weight of the hydrophilic polymer. If the content of the porous filler exceeds 50 wt%, the filler may not be dispersed well but coagulate. Further, the amount or rate of water adsorption may decrease.
- step S2 electrospinning is carried out.
- a nanofiber sheet with increased surface area may be prepared.
- a nanofiber structure may be more effectively formed.
- the diameter of the nanofiber may be adjusted.
- the nanofiber may have a diameter ranging from tens of nanometers to tens of micrometers.
- the surface area of the composite material sheet may be controlled to confer a very large water adsorbing capacity.
- step S3 the nanofiber sheet prepared in step S2 is crosslinked by heat treatment.
- the crosslinking is initiated by heating and performed while maintaining the elevated temperature.
- the solution is left at room temperature for predetermined time and then the crosslinking is performed in the same manner.
- the nanofiber sheet may be adhered to a metal sheet, a ceramic fiber sheet or a conductive polymer film.
- a metal sheet such as aluminum sheet or stainless steel sheet, a ceramic fiber sheet, or a conductive polymer film such as polyvinyl chloride may be adhered to the crosslinked polymer composite material sheet or to the nanofiber sheet prior to crosslinking. Further, an adhesive may be applied on the surface of the metal sheet and the nanofiber sheet may be adhered to either or both sides of the metal sheet.
- a method for preparing a polymer composite material for building air conditioning or dehumidification comprises: (S1) adding a crosslinking agent or a crosslinking agent and a porous tiller for conferring durability and antibacterial properties into a hydrophilic polymer solution to prepare a polymer composite material solution; (S2) electrospinning the polymer composite material solution directly onto a metal sheet, a ceramic fiber sheet or a conductive polymer film to prepare a nanofiber sheet; and (S3) crosslinking the nanofiber sheet by heat-treatment.
- This embodiment is the same as the above embodiment, except that the nanofiber sheet is prepared by directly electrospinning the polymer composite material solution onto the metal sheet, the ceramic fiber sheet or the conductive polymer film.
- the polymer composite material for building air conditioning or dehumidification according to the present disclosure may be used for various applications, including a total heat exchanger for a ventilation unit, a dehumidification rotor for dehumidification/cooling, a rotor-type total heat exchanger, and the like.
- the total heat exchanger for a ventilation unit is a rectangular-shaped heat exchanger fabricated using an insulating exchange membrane with superior water permeability.
- An insulating exchange membrane that transmits water but blocks polluted air is prepared in the form of a honeycomb.
- the total heat exchanger transmits latent heat of water included in the air through the paper insulating membrane to the introduced air during ventilation, thereby lowering indoor temperature and humidity, removes fine dust such as pollen, thereby preventing various diseases, is installed in the ceiling, thereby minimizing noise and providing a quiet environment, provides excellent ventilation through forced ventilation in both directions using separate exhaust and inlet vents, and supplies cleanly filtered fresh outside air, rather than recirculated the indoor air, thereby maintaining a pleasant indoor environment.
- the dehumidification rotor for dehumidification/cooling is a key component of a dehumidification/cooling system, which is used to dehumidify the hot and humid summer air through low-energy cooling by separating the latent heat load and the sensible heat load. Further, it is used to dehumidify the air for the purpose of cooling and drying of products, quality improvement and maintenance, humidity control of a production process, or the like. Specific applications include moisture-sensitive production processes such as pharmaceutical, electronic or food production processes or fields requiring prevention of damage or corrosion by moisture, to remove moisture in the air and provide a dry environment.
- the rotor-type total heat exchanger is a high-efficiency, energy-saving device capable of controlling thermal balance associated with introduction and exhaust of indoor and outdoor air, effectively purifying indoor air, and reducing cooling/heating load.
- the rotor-type total heat exchanger may be utilized as a heat recovery ventilator for forced air supply/discharge by reducing the latent heat of water in the exhausted air during ventilation and exchanging heat with the water in the air supplied from outside, without requiring an additional heating or cooling source.
- the absorbent of the rotor-type total heat exchanger which serves as a latent heat exchange medium, is impregnated in, coated on or adhered to a cylindrical honeycomb structure.
- the polymer composite material for building air conditioning of the present disclosure may be used as the latent heat exchange medium employed in the honeycomb structure.
- the polymer composite material for building air conditioning or dehumidification according to the present disclosure has superior water-adsorbing ability because of the increased surface area and the hydration by ions, and has excellent durability and antibacterial properties.
- it may reduce the latent heat load of water included in the indoor air, thereby saving energy by reducing air conditioning load and supplying pleasant indoor air.
- it can remove moisture from hot and humid air, thus reducing air conditioning load by decreasing the latent heat load and saving energy.
- it may be used in moisture-sensitive production processes or industrial applications requiring moisture control or protection from damage or corrosion by moisture in order to dehumidify and provide dry air. Accordingly, the present disclosure is applicable to various fields for water adsorption and dehumidification.
- a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution was prepared by dissolving PVA (87 ā 89% hydrolyzed, Sigma-Aldrich) in distilled water to 10 wt% at 60Ā°C. After adding sulfosuccinic acid (SSA, Aldrich) to the PVA solution as a crosslinking agent in an amount of 20 wt% based on the weight of PVA, the mixture was stirred for over 1 hour. Then, zeolite A was added in an amount of 1 wt% based on the weight of PVA to prepare a polymer composite material solution.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the prepared polymer composite material solution was electrospun using an electrospinning apparatus (NT-PS-35K, NTSEE Co., Korea) to prepare a polymer nanofiber sheet.
- the voltage used for the electrospinning was 20 kV, and the distance between the positively charged syringe needle and the negatively charged collector was 18 cm.
- the syringe used to hold the spinning solution was a 10 mL glass syringe, and the diameter of the syringe needle was 0.5 mm.
- the feed rate of the solution was 0.7 mL/hr, and the collector rotation speed was 300 rpm.
- the thickness of the nanofiber sheet was controlled by adjusting spinning time.
- the nanofiber sheet prepared in this example had a thickness of 30 ā m.
- the prepared nanofiber sheet was subjected to crosslinking by heating at 120Ā°C for 1 hour.
- the associated crosslinking mechanism is illustrated in Fig. 2 .
- the nanofiber sheet was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM, Hitachi S-4700). Scanning electron micrographs of the PVA nanofiber sheet, the crosslinked sheet and the zeolite-introduced nanofiber sheet are shown in Fig. 3 .
- the water adsorption rate of the nanofiber sheet was measured. Experiments were performed according to the KS standard for heat exchange efficiency measurement. The diffusion coefficient was calculated from Fick's law. Under the condition of 30Ā°C and relative humidity 60%, the water adsorption rate was 2.48 ā 10 -11 cm 2 /s for the PVA nanofiber sheet and 2.96 ā 10 -11 cm 2 /s for the 1% zeolite-introduced nanofiber sheet.
- a PVA solution was prepared by dissolving PVA (87 ā 89% hydrolyzed, Sigma-Aldrich) in distilled water to 10 wt% at 60Ā°C.
- a 10 wt% polystyrene sulfonic acid-maleic acid copolymer (PSSA-MA, Sigma-Aldrich) solution was prepared separately using distilled water.
- PSSA-MA polystyrene sulfonic acid-maleic acid copolymer
- the prepared polymer composite material solution was electrospun using an electrospinning apparatus (NT-PS-35K, NTSEE Co., Korea) to prepare a polymer nanofiber sheet.
- the voltage used for the electrospinning was 20 kV, and the distance between the positively charged syringe needle and the negatively charged collector was 18 cm.
- the syringe used to hold the spinning solution was a 10 mL glass syringe, and the diameter of the syringe needle was 0.5 mm.
- the feed rate of the solution was 0.7 mL/hr, and the collector rotation speed was 300 rpm.
- the thickness of the nanofiber sheet was controlled by adjusting spinning time.
- the prepared nanofiber sheet was subjected to crosslinking by heating at 120Ā°C for 1 hour.
- the water adsorption rate of the nanofiber sheet was measured and the results are shown in Fig. 4 .
- Experiments were performed according to the KS standard for heat exchange efficiency measurement.
- the diffusion coefficient was calculated from Fick's law.
- the results show that the water adsorption rate was increased above the anticipation through the crosslinking reaction by addition of SSA.
- the adsorption rate of the sample of Example 2 was 2.59 ā 10 -9 cm 2 /s before the crosslinking and 1.79 ā 10 -8 cm 2 /s after the crosslinking.
- each of the nanofiber sheets was washed for 1 hour using distilled water at 60Ā°C. After washing, the amount of remaining polymer was calculated as a percentage of the initial polymer amount. Results are shown in Fig. 5 .
- the sample of Example 2 is denoted as "1ā
- the sample of Example 3 is denoted as "2ā
- the sample of Example 4 is denoted as "3". It can be seen that use of the crosslinking agent resulted in a remarkable improvement in durability.
- a PVA solution was prepared by dissolving PVA (87 ā 89% hydrolyzed, Sigma-Aldrich) in distilled water to 10 wt% at 60Ā°C.
- a 10 wt% PSSA-MA (Sigma-Aldrich) solution was prepared separately using distilled water.
- the prepared 10 wt% PVA solution and 10 wt% PSSA-MA solution were mixed 9:1 (Example 5), based on PVA:PSSA-MA, and then stirred to prepare a PVA/PSSA-MA solution.
- SSA Aldrich
- zeolite A was added thereto in an amount of 1 wt% based on the polymer weight to prepare a polymer composite material solution (Example 7).
- E. coli and salmonella bacteria were cultured in the prepared polymer composite material solutions. After culturing at 35Ā°C for 24 hours, photographs were taken to evaluate the antibacterial properties. For measurement of the antibacterial properties against E. coli, E. coli samples were cultured separately. Results are shown in Fig. 6 .
- the sample of Example 5 is denoted as "1ā
- the sample of Example 6 is denoted as "3ā
- the sample of Example 7 is denoted as "4".
- Some E. coli was observed in the sample of Example 5, but none was observed in Example 6 or Example 7. When the experiment was performed repeatedly, very slight E. coli was found from the sample of Example 6.
- Fig. 7 shows the result of culturing salmonella bacteria.
- the right side shows the result when only the bacteria were cultured
- the left side shows the result when the polymer solution was used.
Description
- The present disclosure relates to polymer composite materials for building air conditioning or dehumidification and a method for preparing the same. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to the preparation of high-efficiency composite materials for building air conditioning or dehumidification having superior antibacterial properties and durability as well as excellent water adsorption/desorption ability due to a large surface area by electrospinning of a polymer composite material solution with a crosslinking agent or a crosslinking agent and a porous filler added to a hydrophilic polymer solution to prepare a fiber sheet composed of fibers having a nano or a submicron scale diameter followed by crosslinking.
- Recently, government regulations have been instituted which require air conditioning systems to perform decontamination functions in addition to basic air conditioning functions. Air conditioning of a building includes heating, cooling, ventilation and heat exchage. Quality air conditioning provides a healthy and comfortable environment, improves satisfaction with the indoor environment and enhances productivity. Two heat loads - sensible heat and latent heat - determine the capacity of an air conditioning system. The latent heat load accounts for 30-50% of the total heat load. The sensible heat means the heat exchanged during a change of temperature, whereas the latent heat refers to the heat that cannot be observed as a change of temperature, e.g. heat absorbed during the phase change of water. A phase change of water without change of temperature results in an air conditioning load. If water is removed from the air using an air conditioning material, the size and energy consumption of an air conditioner may be reduced since the dehumidification/cooling system needs only to address the sensible heat load.
- The air conditioning system includes a total heat exchanger for a ventilation unit, a dehumidification rotor for dehumidification/cooling, a rotor-type total heat exchanger, or the like.
Fig. 1 shows a rotor-type total heat exchanger, illustrating a process whereby air is supplied from outside and indoor air is exhausted outside. After water is absorbed from the indoor air to be exhausted in order to reduce the latent heat load, a water-absorbent polymer composite material exchanges heat with water in the air supplied from outside and supplies the air indoors while the rotor-type total heat exchanger rotates, thus providing cool air and ventilation with reduced energy consumption. - Current studies on building air conditioning materials focus only upon general water absorbents using super-dense paper, inorganic materials, metal silicates, silica gel, zeolite, or the like. For example, Japan's Seibu Giken has developed water-absorbent polymer powder and is marketing a total heat exchanger with the water-absorbent polymer powder impregnated in or coated on a metal sheet. However, since the water-absorbent polymer powder adsorbs water through hydration by ions, not by pores, pollutant molecules are discharged into the air without being adsorbed.
- Recently, demand for high-efficiency composite materials for building air conditioning or dehumidification having antibacterial properties as well as excellent water absorbing ability and being easily applicable to various designs is increasing.
-
KR 2010 0000093 A - Aspects of the present disclosure are directed to high-efficiency composite materials for building air conditioning or dehumidification having antibacterial properties as well as excellent water absorbing ability and being easily applicable to various designs.
- The present disclosure provides a method for preparing a polymer composite material for building air conditioning or dehumidification with the features of
claim 1. - According to the present disclosure, the polymer composite material for building air conditioning or dehumidification has superior antibacterial properties and excellent water-adsorbing ability and durability. As a result, the polymer composite material may control humidity when used for air conditioning of a building, thereby reducing air conditioning load and improving energy efficiency. In addition, the polymer composite material may prevent various diseases and allows supply of pleasant indoor air. Further, through dehumidifying/cooling, the polymer composite material may remove moisture from hot and humid air in the summer, thus reducing air conditioning load by decreasing latent heat load and saving energy. Furthermore, the high-efficiency polymer composite material may be used in moisture-sensitive production processes or industrial applications requiring moisture control or protection from damage or corrosion by moisture in order to dehumidify and provide dry air.
- The polymer composite material according to the present disclosure may be utilized for water adsorption and dehumidification in various fields, for example, in building air conditioning and dehumidification/cooling, including a total heat exchanger of a ventilation unit, a dehumidification rotor for dehumidification/cooling and a rotor-type total heat exchanger.
- The above and other aspects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
-
Fig. 1 shows a total heat-exchange rotor according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; -
Fig. 2 illustrates a crosslinking mechanism of a PVA polymer in Example 1; -
Fig. 3 shows scanning electron micrographs of a PVA nanofiber sheet, a crosslinked sheet and a zeolite-introduced nanofiber sheet in Example 1; -
Fig. 4 shows water adsorption by a nanofiber sheet in Example 2; -
Fig. 5 shows the amount of polymer remaining after washing as compared to the initial polymer amount in Examples 2-4, as a measure of durability; -
Fig. 6 shows a result of culturing E. coli at 35Ā°C for 24 hours in Examples 5-7, in order to evaluate antibacterial properties; and -
Fig. 7 shows a result of culturing salmonella at 35Ā°C for 24 hours in Examples 5-7, in order to evaluate antibacterial properties. - Exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will now be described.
- In one embodiment, a method for preparing a polymer composite material for building air conditioning or dehumidification according to the present disclosure includes: (S1) adding a crosslinking agent or a crosslinking agent and a porous filler for conferring durability and antibacterial properties into a hydrophilic polymer solution to prepare a polymer composite material solution; (S2) electrospinning the polymer composite material solution to prepare a nanofiber sheet; and (S3) crosslinking the nanofiber sheet by heat-treatment.
- In step S1, a crosslinking agent or a crosslinking agent and a porous filler are added to a hydrophilic polymer solution in order to confer durability and antibacterial properties, thereby preparing a polymer composite material solution. The hydrophilic polymer solution may be prepared by dissolving at least one hydrophilic polymer selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polystyrene sulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acid/maleic acid copolymer, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, polyacrylate, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, cellulose derivatives, and ion exchange resins in at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of water, alcohol, DMF, NMP and DMAc. The content of the hydrophilic polymer may be 0.5 to 50 wt% based on the weight of the hydrophilic polymer solution. If the hydrophilic polymer content exceeds 50 wt%, the resulting high viscosity may prevent effective electrospinning. Conversely, if the hydrophilic polymer content is below 0.5 wt%, nanofiber may not be produced because of low viscosity.
- This step may include: dissolving a hydrophilic polymer in a solvent to prepare a first solution; dissolving another hydrophilic polymer different from the first hydrophilic polymer in a solvent to prepare a second solution; and mixing the first solution and the second solution to prepare the hydrophilic polymer solution.
- The proportion of the contents of the hydrophilic polymers in the hydrophilic polymer solution is not particularly limited and may be appropriately adjusted considering required physical properties.
- The crosslinking agent added to improve durability and antibacterial properties may include at least one selected from the group consisting of peroxides such as dibenzoyl peroxide, inorganic precursors such as tetraethyl orthosilicate, silane coupling agents such as 3,3-diethoxypropyltriethoxysilane, aldehydes such as glutaraldehyde, polyacrylic acids, diisocyanates, diacids and derivatives thereof, and organic acids containing a sulfonic acid group. Particularly, an organic acid containing a sulfonic acid group selected from the group consisting of sulfosuccinic acid (SSA), polystyrene sulfonic acid and poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt may be used.
- The porous filler added to improve durability and antibacterial properties may be zeolite, SBA-15, MCM-41, silica gel, carbon, carbon nanotube, or the like. Further, a porous filler substituted with metal ions such as Cu or Ag may also be used.
- The content of the crosslinking agent in the polymer composite material solution may be 20 wt% or less based on the weight of the hydrophilic polymer. If the content of the crosslinking agent exceeds 20 wt%, the resulting polymer composite material may be too hard or brittle.
- In addition, the content of the porous filler in the polymer composite material solution may be 50 wt% or less based on the weight of the hydrophilic polymer. If the content of the porous filler exceeds 50 wt%, the filler may not be dispersed well but coagulate. Further, the amount or rate of water adsorption may decrease.
- In step S2, electrospinning is carried out. By electrospinning the polymer composite material solution using an electric field after injecting the solution into a syringe or capillary tube, a nanofiber sheet with increased surface area may be prepared. By applying a high-voltage electric field during electrospinning, a nanofiber structure may be more effectively formed. In addition, by controlling the viscosity of the polymer composite material solution, the applied voltage, spinning distance, or the like, the diameter of the nanofiber may be adjusted. The nanofiber may have a diameter ranging from tens of nanometers to tens of micrometers. Thus, the surface area of the composite material sheet may be controlled to confer a very large water adsorbing capacity.
- In step S3, the nanofiber sheet prepared in step S2 is crosslinked by heat treatment. The crosslinking is initiated by heating and performed while maintaining the elevated temperature. In the case where a metal peroxide is used as the crosslinking agent, the solution is left at room temperature for predetermined time and then the crosslinking is performed in the same manner.
- Before or after step S3, the nanofiber sheet may be adhered to a metal sheet, a ceramic fiber sheet or a conductive polymer film. A metal sheet such as aluminum sheet or stainless steel sheet, a ceramic fiber sheet, or a conductive polymer film such as polyvinyl chloride may be adhered to the crosslinked polymer composite material sheet or to the nanofiber sheet prior to crosslinking. Further, an adhesive may be applied on the surface of the metal sheet and the nanofiber sheet may be adhered to either or both sides of the metal sheet.
- In another embodiment, a method for preparing a polymer composite material for building air conditioning or dehumidification according to the present disclosure comprises: (S1) adding a crosslinking agent or a crosslinking agent and a porous tiller for conferring durability and antibacterial properties into a hydrophilic polymer solution to prepare a polymer composite material solution; (S2) electrospinning the polymer composite material solution directly onto a metal sheet, a ceramic fiber sheet or a conductive polymer film to prepare a nanofiber sheet; and (S3) crosslinking the nanofiber sheet by heat-treatment. This embodiment is the same as the above embodiment, except that the nanofiber sheet is prepared by directly electrospinning the polymer composite material solution onto the metal sheet, the ceramic fiber sheet or the conductive polymer film.
- The polymer composite material for building air conditioning or dehumidification according to the present disclosure may be used for various applications, including a total heat exchanger for a ventilation unit, a dehumidification rotor for dehumidification/cooling, a rotor-type total heat exchanger, and the like. The total heat exchanger for a ventilation unit is a rectangular-shaped heat exchanger fabricated using an insulating exchange membrane with superior water permeability. An insulating exchange membrane that transmits water but blocks polluted air is prepared in the form of a honeycomb. The total heat exchanger transmits latent heat of water included in the air through the paper insulating membrane to the introduced air during ventilation, thereby lowering indoor temperature and humidity, removes fine dust such as pollen, thereby preventing various diseases, is installed in the ceiling, thereby minimizing noise and providing a quiet environment, provides excellent ventilation through forced ventilation in both directions using separate exhaust and inlet vents, and supplies cleanly filtered fresh outside air, rather than recirculated the indoor air, thereby maintaining a pleasant indoor environment.
- The dehumidification rotor for dehumidification/cooling is a key component of a dehumidification/cooling system, which is used to dehumidify the hot and humid summer air through low-energy cooling by separating the latent heat load and the sensible heat load. Further, it is used to dehumidify the air for the purpose of cooling and drying of products, quality improvement and maintenance, humidity control of a production process, or the like. Specific applications include moisture-sensitive production processes such as pharmaceutical, electronic or food production processes or fields requiring prevention of damage or corrosion by moisture, to remove moisture in the air and provide a dry environment.
- The rotor-type total heat exchanger is a high-efficiency, energy-saving device capable of controlling thermal balance associated with introduction and exhaust of indoor and outdoor air, effectively purifying indoor air, and reducing cooling/heating load. The rotor-type total heat exchanger may be utilized as a heat recovery ventilator for forced air supply/discharge by reducing the latent heat of water in the exhausted air during ventilation and exchanging heat with the water in the air supplied from outside, without requiring an additional heating or cooling source. The absorbent of the rotor-type total heat exchanger, which serves as a latent heat exchange medium, is impregnated in, coated on or adhered to a cylindrical honeycomb structure. The polymer composite material for building air conditioning of the present disclosure may be used as the latent heat exchange medium employed in the honeycomb structure.
- The polymer composite material for building air conditioning or dehumidification according to the present disclosure has superior water-adsorbing ability because of the increased surface area and the hydration by ions, and has excellent durability and antibacterial properties. Thus, when used to air condition a building, it may reduce the latent heat load of water included in the indoor air, thereby saving energy by reducing air conditioning load and supplying pleasant indoor air. Further, when used for dehumidification/cooling, it can remove moisture from hot and humid air, thus reducing air conditioning load by decreasing the latent heat load and saving energy. In addition, it may be used in moisture-sensitive production processes or industrial applications requiring moisture control or protection from damage or corrosion by moisture in order to dehumidify and provide dry air. Accordingly, the present disclosure is applicable to various fields for water adsorption and dehumidification.
- Hereinafter, Examples of the present disclosure will be described in detail.
- A polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution was prepared by dissolving PVA (87ā¼89% hydrolyzed, Sigma-Aldrich) in distilled water to 10 wt% at 60Ā°C. After adding sulfosuccinic acid (SSA, Aldrich) to the PVA solution as a crosslinking agent in an amount of 20 wt% based on the weight of PVA, the mixture was stirred for over 1 hour. Then, zeolite A was added in an amount of 1 wt% based on the weight of PVA to prepare a polymer composite material solution.
- The prepared polymer composite material solution was electrospun using an electrospinning apparatus (NT-PS-35K, NTSEE Co., Korea) to prepare a polymer nanofiber sheet. The voltage used for the electrospinning was 20 kV, and the distance between the positively charged syringe needle and the negatively charged collector was 18 cm. The syringe used to hold the spinning solution was a 10 mL glass syringe, and the diameter of the syringe needle was 0.5 mm. The feed rate of the solution was 0.7 mL/hr, and the collector rotation speed was 300 rpm. The thickness of the nanofiber sheet was controlled by adjusting spinning time. The nanofiber sheet prepared in this example had a thickness of 30 Āµm.
- The prepared nanofiber sheet was subjected to crosslinking by heating at 120Ā°C for 1 hour. The associated crosslinking mechanism is illustrated in
Fig. 2 . Also, the nanofiber sheet was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM, Hitachi S-4700). Scanning electron micrographs of the PVA nanofiber sheet, the crosslinked sheet and the zeolite-introduced nanofiber sheet are shown inFig. 3 . - The water adsorption rate of the nanofiber sheet was measured. Experiments were performed according to the KS standard for heat exchange efficiency measurement. The diffusion coefficient was calculated from Fick's law. Under the condition of 30Ā°C and
relative humidity 60%, the water adsorption rate was 2.48 Ć 10-11 cm2/s for the PVA nanofiber sheet and 2.96 Ć 10-11 cm2/s for the 1% zeolite-introduced nanofiber sheet. - A PVA solution was prepared by dissolving PVA (87ā¼89% hydrolyzed, Sigma-Aldrich) in distilled water to 10 wt% at 60Ā°C. A 10 wt% polystyrene sulfonic acid-maleic acid copolymer (PSSA-MA, Sigma-Aldrich) solution was prepared separately using distilled water. Thus prepared 10 wt% PVA solution and 10 wt% PSSA-MA solution were mixed at 9:1 (Example 2), 8:2 (Example 3) or 7:3 (Example 4), based on PVA:PSSA-MA, and then stirred to prepare a PVA/PSSA-MA solution. After adding SSA (Aldrich) to the resultant mixture solution as a crosslinking agent in an amount of 20 wt% based on the weight of PVA, the mixture was stirred for over 1 hour.
- The prepared polymer composite material solution was electrospun using an electrospinning apparatus (NT-PS-35K, NTSEE Co., Korea) to prepare a polymer nanofiber sheet. The voltage used for the electrospinning was 20 kV, and the distance between the positively charged syringe needle and the negatively charged collector was 18 cm. The syringe used to hold the spinning solution was a 10 mL glass syringe, and the diameter of the syringe needle was 0.5 mm. The feed rate of the solution was 0.7 mL/hr, and the collector rotation speed was 300 rpm. The thickness of the nanofiber sheet was controlled by adjusting spinning time. The prepared nanofiber sheet was subjected to crosslinking by heating at 120Ā°C for 1 hour.
- The water adsorption rate of the nanofiber sheet was measured and the results are shown in
Fig. 4 . Experiments were performed according to the KS standard for heat exchange efficiency measurement. The diffusion coefficient was calculated from Fick's law. The results show that the water adsorption rate was increased above the anticipation through the crosslinking reaction by addition of SSA. Under the condition of 30Ā°C andrelative humidity 60%, the adsorption rate of the sample of Example 2 was 2.59Ć10-9 cm2/s before the crosslinking and 1.79Ć10-8 cm2/s after the crosslinking. - To evaluate durability of the nanofiber sheets prepared in these examples, each of the nanofiber sheets was washed for 1 hour using distilled water at 60Ā°C. After washing, the amount of remaining polymer was calculated as a percentage of the initial polymer amount. Results are shown in
Fig. 5 . The sample of Example 2 is denoted as "1", the sample of Example 3 is denoted as "2", and the sample of Example 4 is denoted as "3". It can be seen that use of the crosslinking agent resulted in a remarkable improvement in durability. - A PVA solution was prepared by dissolving PVA (87ā¼89% hydrolyzed, Sigma-Aldrich) in distilled water to 10 wt% at 60Ā°C. A 10 wt% PSSA-MA (Sigma-Aldrich) solution was prepared separately using distilled water. The prepared 10 wt% PVA solution and 10 wt% PSSA-MA solution were mixed 9:1 (Example 5), based on PVA:PSSA-MA, and then stirred to prepare a PVA/PSSA-MA solution. Further, after adding SSA (Aldrich) to the resultant solution as a crosslinking agent in an amount of 20 wt% based on the weight of PVA, the mixture was stirred for over 1 hour to prepare a polymer solution (Example 6). Then, zeolite A was added thereto in an amount of 1 wt% based on the polymer weight to prepare a polymer composite material solution (Example 7).
- In order to evaluate antibacterial properties, E. coli and salmonella bacteria were cultured in the prepared polymer composite material solutions. After culturing at 35Ā°C for 24 hours, photographs were taken to evaluate the antibacterial properties. For measurement of the antibacterial properties against E. coli, E. coli samples were cultured separately. Results are shown in
Fig. 6 . The sample of Example 5 is denoted as "1", the sample of Example 6 is denoted as "3", and the sample of Example 7 is denoted as "4". Some E. coli was observed in the sample of Example 5, but none was observed in Example 6 or Example 7. When the experiment was performed repeatedly, very slight E. coli was found from the sample of Example 6.Fig. 7 shows the result of culturing salmonella bacteria. In the figure, the right side shows the result when only the bacteria were cultured, and the left side shows the result when the polymer solution was used. Some salmonella bacteria were observed in Example 5, but none was observed in Example 6 or Example 7. Even when the experiment was performed repeatedly, no salmonella bacteria was observed in Example 6 or Example 7. Thus, it was confirmed that the addition of the crosslinking agent and the porous filler results in far superior antibacterial properties.
Claims (12)
- A method for preparing a polymer composite material for building air conditioning or dehumidification, comprising:(S1) adding a crosslinking agent and a porous filler for conferring durability and antibacterial properties into a hydrophilic polymer solution to prepare a polymer composite material solution;(S2) electrospinning the polymer composite material solution to prepare a nanofiber sheet; and(S3) crosslinking the nanofiber sheet by heat-treatment,characterized by performing said crosslinking by heating the prepared nanofiber sheet at 120 Ā°C for 1 hour.
the method further comprising: adhering the nanofiber sheet to a metal sheet, a ceramic fiber sheet or a conductive polymer film before or after heat treatment, - The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step S1, the hydrophilic polymer solution is prepared by dissolving a hydrophilic polymer in a solvent.
- The method according to claim 1, wherein, in step S1, the hydrophilic polymer solution is prepared by the steps of comprising: dissolving a hydrophilic polymer in a solvent to prepare a first solution;
dissolving another hydrophilic polymer different from the hydrophilic polymer in a solvent to prepare a second solution; and
mixing the first solution and the second solution to prepare the hydrophilic polymer solution. - The method according to claim 2, wherein the solvent is at least one selected from the group consisting of water, alcohol, DMF, NMP and DMAc.
- The method according to claim 2, wherein the hydrophilic polymer is selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polystyrene sulfonic acid, polystyrene sulfonic acid/maleic acid copolymer, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, polyacrylate, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene oxide, cellulose derivatives, and ion exchange resins.
- The method according to claim 2, wherein the hydrophilic polymer is present in an amount of 0.5 to 50 wt% based on a weight of the hydrophilic polymer solution.
- The method according to claim 1, wherein the hydrophilic polymer is polyvinyl alcohol.
- The method according to claim 1, wherein the crosslinking agent is at least one selected from the group consisting of: peroxides, inorganic precursors and silane coupling agents, aldehydes, polyacrylic acids, diisocyanates, diacids and derivatives thereof, and organic acids containing a sulfonic acid group.
- The method according to claim 8, wherein the organic acid containing the sulfonic acid group is selected from the group consisting of sulfosuccinic acid (SSA), polystyrene sulfonic acid and poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid-co-maleic acid) sodium salt.
- The method according to claim 8, wherein the crosslinking agent is present in an amount of 20 wt% or less based on a weight of the hydrophilic polymer.
- The method according to claim 1, wherein the porous filler is zeolite, SBA-15, MCM-41, silica gel, carbon, carbon nanotube, or a porous filler substituted with Cu or Ag.
- The method according to claim 1, wherein the porous filler is present in an amount of 50 wt% or less based on a weight of the hydrophilic polymer.
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2010
- 2010-12-15 EP EP10860689.8A patent/EP2652191B1/en active Active
- 2010-12-15 CN CN2010800372610A patent/CN102741469A/en active Pending
- 2010-12-15 US US13/994,320 patent/US20130299121A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2010-12-15 WO PCT/KR2010/008982 patent/WO2012081744A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP2652191A1 (en) | 2013-10-23 |
WO2012081744A1 (en) | 2012-06-21 |
CN102741469A (en) | 2012-10-17 |
EP2652191A4 (en) | 2014-06-11 |
US20130299121A1 (en) | 2013-11-14 |
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