CN112243626A - Method for converting copper tailings into soil in alpine and high-altitude areas - Google Patents
Method for converting copper tailings into soil in alpine and high-altitude areas Download PDFInfo
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- CN112243626A CN112243626A CN202011085274.7A CN202011085274A CN112243626A CN 112243626 A CN112243626 A CN 112243626A CN 202011085274 A CN202011085274 A CN 202011085274A CN 112243626 A CN112243626 A CN 112243626A
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- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
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Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for converting copper tailings in alpine and high-altitude areas into soil, which comprises the following steps: sieving the copper tailings, and spreading oversize materials on the ground; spreading the fermented mixture, and ploughing; then covering soil, and applying a water-retaining agent while covering soil; spreading plant ash; then planting green manure plants; and spreading sawdust on the planting field. The raw materials used in the invention have wide sources and large quantity, are convenient to use locally, are low in cost and reduce environmental pollution; the fermented mixture and the plant ash can effectively promote the formation of a soil aggregate structure, keep the soil in a loose and ventilated state, and increase the water-retaining, heat-preserving, ventilating and fertilizer-retaining capabilities; the wood chips are beneficial to heat preservation and water retention, and the green manure crops planted can also increase the content of soil organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and loosen the soil; the method is simple to operate and has great practical significance for efficient utilization of the copper tailings.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental protection, and particularly relates to a method for converting copper tailings into soil in alpine and high-altitude areas.
Background
The copper tailings refer to solid waste materials discharged after useful components in ores are separated through mineral processing technology treatment of mines mainly for mining copper ore resources. Every 1 ton of copper produced by mineral production can produce 400 tons of waste rocks and tailings. The large amount of discharged copper tailings not only occupies wide land resources, but also seriously threatens the living environment and normal life of human beings due to environmental pollution caused by the copper tailings, and even destroys the balance of an ecological system. At present, the copper tailings in China are mainly utilized in the aspects of tailing recleaning, valuable component extraction, mining filling, building material preparation and the like. But the utilization of the copper tailings in China has the problems of low comprehensive utilization rate, low utilization depth, single utilization mode and the like. According to the analysis of the yield and the physicochemical characteristics of the copper tailings, the current single utilization mode cannot meet the increasingly intensified resource pressure and environmental protection requirements, and only by carrying out high-efficiency, high-added-value and deep-cycle resource comprehensive utilization, the waste can be really changed into valuable, and the tailing accumulation hazard is thoroughly solved.
With the progress of science and technology and the development of social economy, farmers and herders in alpine and high-altitude areas of China are basically intensively arranged, and animal wastes in original pastures are not effectively recycled and become source pollutants. A great amount of solid wastes of agriculture and forestry are discharged randomly, and the environment is also polluted. The substances are fully and reasonably utilized, so that the environment can be improved, and the economy can be developed.
Chinese patent CN109168391A discloses a method for converting iron tailings into soil, which comprises the steps of leveling the tailings, arranging a ditch for draining water, and applying additives, microbial agents and the like to achieve the purpose of converting the iron tailings into the soil. The survival rate of trees can reach 90-95% and the survival rate of herbaceous plants can reach 95-98% by the method, but the preparation process of the microbial agent is complicated. Chinese patent CN110268945A discloses a tailing planting soil and a manufacturing process thereof, which is prepared from tailings, modified carbon materials, biomass particles and bamboo vinegar liquid, and is carried out by the steps of tailing treatment, preparation of the modified carbon materials, biomass particle treatment, mixing, adding the bamboo vinegar liquid, ageing, packaging and selling. The manufactured tailing planting soil is suitable for soil with various purposes, contains various effective components beneficial to crop growth, and has high cost and complex manufacturing process.
In summary, the existing domestic method for converting tailings into soil generally has the defects of high cost, complex process and the like. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a copper tailing soil preparation method which is easy to implement, low in cost and quick in effect in alpine and high-altitude areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for converting copper tailings into soil in alpine and high-altitude areas.
The object of the invention is achieved by the following steps:
s1, sieving the copper tailings, and flatly paving oversize materials on the ground;
s2, spreading the fermentation mixture again, and then ploughing;
s3, covering soil, and applying a water-retaining agent while covering the soil;
s4, spreading plant ash again;
s5, planting green manure plants;
and S6, spreading wood chips on the planting field.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
1. the raw materials used in the invention have wide sources and large quantity, are convenient to use locally, are low in cost and reduce environmental pollution; the plant ash can improve soil temperature, keep a loose and ventilated state, promote the rooting and the germination of seeds and also has the effect of reducing plant diseases and insect pests; the wood chips are beneficial to heat preservation and water retention, can effectively cope with the low-temperature environment in alpine regions, isolates air from contacting tailings to a greater extent, reduces leaching of rainwater on the tailings, and can provide carbon elements for soil; the green manure crops can increase soil nutrients, improve soil organic matters, cover the ground, fix soil, prevent slopes and prevent water and soil loss; the fermentation mixture can effectively improve the ground temperature, and under the synergistic effect of the fermentation mixture and the wood chips, the heat loss is reduced to the greatest extent, and the problem of insufficient soil heat in alpine regions is solved to a greater extent; the water-retaining agent used by the invention takes starch as a main raw material, can be automatically degraded and cannot cause harm to the environment; the method is simple to operate and has great practical significance for efficient utilization of the copper tailings;
2. the fermentation mixture of the invention utilizes the tailing powder, the coal ash and the livestock excrement to be piled together, in the fermentation process, the release of trace elements required by plants in the tailings is promoted, the process of forming a granular structure and the process of soil formation by the tailing powder is accelerated, and the prepared fermentation mixture also has fertilizer effect and provides nutrition for the growth of the plants;
3. the fermentation mixture preparation device has simple structure and high stability, and can form stable support for the fermentation bag and materials in the fermentation bag to ensure normal fermentation; the preparation device can be assembled at any time on site, is very convenient to construct, is slightly influenced by the terrain environment of a site, has the advantage of convenient transportation of each part, and is particularly suitable for alpine and high-altitude areas with complex terrain.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic front view of a fermentation bag;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the vertical stay bar;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the fermentation bag and the vertical stay bar after being installed;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the reinforcing cross plate of FIG. 4 after installation;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of FIG. 5 after the diagonal brace is installed;
in the figure: 1-fermentation bag, 2-vertical brace rod, 3-reinforced transverse plate, 4-diagonal brace rod, 5-elastic sleeve, 6-clamping groove, 7-insertion hole, 8-elastic sleeve clamping rod, 9-installation hole, 10-insertion platform and 11-soil layer.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The invention comprises the following steps:
s1, sieving the copper tailings, and flatly paving oversize materials on the ground;
s2, spreading the fermentation mixture again, and then ploughing;
s3, covering soil, and applying a water-retaining agent while covering the soil;
s4, spreading plant ash again;
s5, planting green manure plants;
and S6, spreading wood chips on the planting field.
Preferably, the sieving of step S1 is through a 10 mesh sieve.
Preferably, the fermentation mixture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32-46 parts of tailing powder, 12-16 parts of livestock and poultry excrement, 2-4 parts of livestock and poultry urine, 24-30 parts of plant waste and 4-6 parts of coal ash, wherein the tailing powder is screened material obtained after copper tailings are screened in the step S1.
Preferably, the preparation method of the fermentation mixture comprises the steps of paving coal ash at the bottom of a fermentation bag, uniformly mixing livestock and poultry manure and livestock and poultry urine to obtain a mixture, dividing the mixture into two parts with equal weight, paving one part of the mixture on the coal ash, paving plant waste and tailings powder on the mixture, paving the other part of the mixture on the plant waste, performing anaerobic fermentation for 30-45 days, uniformly stirring, and stacking for 10-15 days.
Preferably, as shown in fig. 1 to 6, the fermentation mixture preparation method further comprises a preparation device for realizing the preparation method of the fermentation mixture, the preparation device comprises a fermentation bag 1, a vertical support rod 2, a reinforcing transverse plate 3 and an inclined support rod 4, the fermentation bag 1 is of a cylindrical structure, the bottom of the fermentation bag is closed, the top of the fermentation bag is open, a plurality of rows of elastic sleeves 5 are sequentially and fixedly arranged on the outer side of the fermentation bag 1 along the circumferential direction of the bag body, a plurality of clamping grooves 6 are fixedly arranged on the rod body of the vertical support rod 2 from top to bottom, a plurality of insertion holes 7 are arranged on the rod body of the vertical support rod 2 from top to bottom, a plurality of vertical support rods 2 penetrate through a row of elastic sleeves 5, the lower ends of the vertical support rods 2 are inserted into the soil layer, elastic sleeve clamping rods 8 are inserted into the insertion holes 7, the elastic sleeve clamping rods 8 correspond to the elastic sleeves 5 one by one, the elastic sleeve clamping rods 8 are, the reinforced transverse plates 3 are clamped in two adjacent clamping grooves 6 in the same layer, the reinforced transverse plates 3 in the same layer are arranged at intervals, the reinforced transverse plates 3 in different layers are arranged in a staggered mode, a plurality of mounting holes 9 are formed in the reinforced transverse plates 3, the upper ends of the inclined supporting rods 4 are inserted into the mounting holes 9, and the lower ends of the inclined supporting rods are inserted into soil layers.
Preferably, the vertical stay bar 2 comprises an upper bar and a lower bar, the top and the bottom of the inserting table 10 are respectively provided with a hole, the upper bar is inserted into the hole at the top of the inserting table 10, and the lower bar is inserted into the hole at the bottom of the inserting table 10.
Preferably, the fermentation bag 1 is a plastic bag.
The working principle and the working process of the preparation device for realizing the preparation method of the fermentation mixture are as follows: firstly, tamping and leveling a soil layer of a fermentation field, then positioning the fermentation field according to the size of a fermentation bag 1, and during installation, firstly installing a lower rod and an inserting table 10 together, and then inserting the lower rod into a positioning point to fix the inserting table 10; then the fermentation bag 1 is placed on the ground, and the upper rod of the vertical support rod 2 penetrates through the elastic sleeve 5, so that the elastic sleeve 5 can be expanded to conveniently penetrate through the clamping groove 6; then an elastic sleeve clamping rod 8 is installed to clamp the elastic sleeve 5, so that the elastic sleeve 5 and the fermentation bag 1 are prevented from sliding off, and the fermentation bag 1 is initially supported; then the fermentation bag 1 is erected, and the lower end of the upper rod is inserted into the hole at the top of the inserting table 10; then installing a reinforcing transverse plate 3 and installing an inclined strut to finish the installation of the device;
then laying coal ash at the bottom in the fermentation bag 1, laying a mixture of livestock and poultry manure and livestock and poultry urine, laying plant waste and tailing powder, and finally laying a mixture of livestock and poultry manure and livestock and poultry urine; after the material is filled, the top opening of the fermentation bag 1 is tightened and sealed; after the anaerobic fermentation is finished, opening the fermentation bag 1, uniformly stirring the materials, and continuously stacking the materials;
when the device is used and needs to be disassembled, the disassembly can be completed by operating according to the steps opposite to the installation process.
Preferably, the livestock and poultry manure is one or more of cow manure, sheep manure and horse manure, the livestock and poultry urine is one or more of cow urine, sheep urine and horse urine, the plant waste is one or more of straw, dead branches, shrub branches and wood chips, and the coal ash is obtained by collecting coal after combustion.
Preferably, the water-retaining agent is starch grafted acrylate, and the using amount is 9-15 g/m2。
Preferably, the thickness of the covering soil is 3-5 cm, and the soil used for covering the covering soil is the soil around the copper tailings stacking field.
Preferably, the plant ash is obtained after the complete combustion of the wood branches and/or wood processing waste, and the wood processing waste is one or more of sawdust, wood chips, weeds and straws.
Preferably, the green manure planting plant is one or more of sweet clover, amorpha fruticosa, vetch seed and green vetch.
Preferably, the wood chips are spread to a thickness of 0.5cm, and the wood chips are 10-mesh-screened wood chips.
The present invention will be further described with reference to examples 1 to 14.
Example 1
The method for converting the copper tailings in the alpine and high-altitude areas into the soil comprises the following steps:
s1, sieving the copper tailings, and flatly paving oversize materials on the ground;
s2, spreading the fermentation mixture again, and then ploughing;
s3, covering soil, and applying a water-retaining agent while covering the soil;
s4, spreading plant ash again;
s5, planting green manure plants;
and S6, spreading wood chips on the planting field.
Example 2
The method for converting the copper tailings in the alpine and high-altitude areas into the soil comprises the following steps:
s1, sieving the copper tailings, and flatly paving oversize materials on the ground;
s2, spreading a fermentation mixture, and ploughing, wherein the fermentation mixture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts of tailing powder, 12 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 2 parts of livestock and poultry urine, 24 parts of plant waste and 4 parts of coal ash, wherein the tailing powder is screened material obtained after copper tailings are screened in the step S1;
s3, covering soil, and applying a water-retaining agent while covering the soil;
s4, spreading plant ash again;
s5, planting green manure plants;
and S6, spreading wood chips on the planting field.
Example 3
The method for converting the copper tailings in the alpine and high-altitude areas into the soil comprises the following steps:
s1, sieving the copper tailings, and flatly paving oversize materials on the ground;
s2, spreading a fermentation mixture, and ploughing, wherein the fermentation mixture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 46 parts of tailing powder, 16 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 4 parts of livestock and poultry urine, 30 parts of plant waste and 6 parts of coal ash, wherein the tailing powder is screened material obtained after copper tailings are screened in the step S1;
s3, covering soil, and applying a water-retaining agent while covering the soil;
s4, spreading plant ash again;
s5, planting green manure plants;
and S6, spreading wood chips on the planting field.
Example 4
The method for converting the copper tailings in the alpine and high-altitude areas into the soil comprises the following steps:
s1, sieving the copper tailings, and flatly paving oversize materials on the ground;
s2, spreading a fermentation mixture, and ploughing, wherein the fermentation mixture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 39 parts of tailing powder, 14 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 3 parts of livestock and poultry urine, 27 parts of plant waste and 5 parts of coal ash, wherein the tailing powder is screened material obtained after copper tailings are screened in the step S1;
s3, covering soil, and applying a water-retaining agent while covering the soil;
s4, spreading plant ash again;
s5, planting green manure plants;
and S6, spreading wood chips on the planting field.
Example 5
The method for converting the copper tailings in the alpine and high-altitude areas into the soil comprises the following steps:
s1, sieving the copper tailings, and flatly paving oversize materials on the ground;
s2, spreading a fermentation mixture, and ploughing, wherein the fermentation mixture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts of tailing powder, 12 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 2 parts of livestock and poultry urine, 24 parts of plant waste and 4 parts of coal ash, wherein the tailing powder is screened material obtained after copper tailings are screened in the step S1; the preparation method of the fermentation mixture comprises the steps of paving coal ash at the bottom of a fermentation bag, uniformly mixing livestock and poultry excrement and livestock and poultry urine to obtain a mixture, dividing the mixture into two parts with equal weight, paving one part of the mixture on the coal ash, paving plant waste and tailing powder on the mixture, paving the other part of the mixture on the plant waste, performing anaerobic fermentation for 30 days, uniformly stirring, and stacking for 10 days;
s3, covering soil, and applying a water-retaining agent while covering the soil;
s4, spreading plant ash again;
s5, planting green manure plants;
and S6, spreading wood chips on the planting field.
Example 6
The method for converting the copper tailings in the alpine and high-altitude areas into the soil comprises the following steps:
s1, sieving the copper tailings, and flatly paving oversize materials on the ground;
s2, spreading a fermentation mixture, and ploughing, wherein the fermentation mixture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 46 parts of tailing powder, 16 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 4 parts of livestock and poultry urine, 30 parts of plant waste and 6 parts of coal ash, wherein the tailing powder is screened material obtained after copper tailings are screened in the step S1; the preparation method of the fermentation mixture comprises the steps of paving coal ash at the bottom of a fermentation bag, uniformly mixing livestock and poultry manure and livestock and poultry urine to obtain a mixture, dividing the mixture into two parts with equal weight, paving one part of the mixture on the coal ash, paving plant waste and tailing powder on the mixture, paving the other part of the mixture on the plant waste, performing anaerobic fermentation for 45 days, uniformly stirring, and stacking for 15 days;
s3, covering soil, and applying a water-retaining agent while covering the soil;
s4, spreading plant ash again;
s5, planting green manure plants;
and S6, spreading wood chips on the planting field.
Example 7
The method for converting the copper tailings in the alpine and high-altitude areas into the soil comprises the following steps:
s1, sieving the copper tailings, and flatly paving oversize materials on the ground;
s2, spreading a fermentation mixture, and ploughing, wherein the fermentation mixture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 39 parts of tailing powder, 14 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 3 parts of livestock and poultry urine, 27 parts of plant waste and 5 parts of coal ash, wherein the tailing powder is screened material obtained after copper tailings are screened in the step S1; the preparation method of the fermentation mixture comprises the steps of paving coal ash at the bottom of a fermentation bag, uniformly mixing livestock and poultry excrement and livestock and poultry urine to obtain a mixture, dividing the mixture into two parts with equal weight, paving one part of the mixture on the coal ash, paving plant waste and tailing powder on the mixture, paving the other part of the mixture on the plant waste, performing anaerobic fermentation for 37.5 days, uniformly stirring, and stacking for 12.5 days;
s3, covering soil, and applying a water-retaining agent while covering the soil;
s4, spreading plant ash again;
s5, planting green manure plants;
and S6, spreading wood chips on the planting field.
Example 8
The method for converting the copper tailings in the alpine and high-altitude areas into the soil comprises the following steps:
s1, sieving the copper tailings, and flatly paving oversize materials on the ground;
s2, spreading a fermentation mixture, and ploughing, wherein the fermentation mixture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 39 parts of tailing powder, 14 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 3 parts of livestock and poultry urine, 27 parts of plant waste and 5 parts of coal ash, wherein the tailing powder is screened material obtained after copper tailings are screened in the step S1; the preparation method of the fermentation mixture comprises the steps of paving coal ash at the bottom of a fermentation bag, uniformly mixing livestock and poultry excrement and livestock and poultry urine to obtain a mixture, dividing the mixture into two parts with equal weight, paving one part of the mixture on the coal ash, paving plant waste and tailing powder on the mixture, paving the other part of the mixture on the plant waste, performing anaerobic fermentation for 37.5 days, uniformly stirring, and stacking for 12.5 days;
the preparation device for realizing the preparation method of the fermentation mixture comprises a fermentation bag 1, a vertical support rod 2, a reinforcing transverse plate 3 and an inclined support rod 4, wherein the fermentation bag 1 is of a cylindrical structure, the bottom of the fermentation bag is closed, the top of the fermentation bag is open, a plurality of rows of elastic sleeves 5 are sequentially and fixedly arranged on the outer side of the fermentation bag 1 along the circumferential direction of the bag body, a plurality of clamping grooves 6 are fixedly arranged on the rod body of the vertical support rod 2 from top to bottom, a plurality of insertion holes 7 are arranged on the rod body of the vertical support rod 2 from top to bottom, a plurality of vertical support rods 2 penetrate through the elastic sleeves 5, the lower end of each vertical support rod 2 is inserted into a soil layer, elastic sleeve clamping rods 8 are inserted into the insertion holes 7, the elastic sleeve clamping rods 8 correspond to the elastic sleeves 5 one by one, the elastic sleeve clamping rods 8 are positioned at the bottom of the elastic sleeves 5, the reinforcing transverse plate 3 is an arc-shaped plate, the reinforcing transverse plates 3 of the same layer are arranged at intervals, the reinforcing transverse plates 3 of different layers are arranged in a staggered manner, a plurality of mounting holes 9 are formed in the reinforcing transverse plates 3, the upper ends of the inclined stay bars 4 are inserted into the mounting holes 9, and the lower ends of the inclined stay bars are inserted into the soil layer;
s3, covering soil, and applying a water-retaining agent while covering the soil;
s4, spreading plant ash again;
s5, planting green manure plants;
and S6, spreading wood chips on the planting field.
Example 9
The method for converting the copper tailings in the alpine and high-altitude areas into the soil comprises the following steps:
s1, sieving the copper tailings, and flatly paving oversize materials on the ground;
s2, spreading a fermentation mixture, and ploughing, wherein the fermentation mixture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts of tailing powder, 12 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 2 parts of livestock and poultry urine, 24 parts of plant waste and 4 parts of coal ash, wherein the tailing powder is screened material obtained after copper tailings are screened in the step S1; the preparation method of the fermentation mixture comprises the steps of paving coal ash at the bottom of a fermentation bag, uniformly mixing livestock and poultry excrement and livestock and poultry urine to obtain a mixture, dividing the mixture into two parts with equal weight, paving one part of the mixture on the coal ash, paving plant waste and tailing powder on the mixture, paving the other part of the mixture on the plant waste, performing anaerobic fermentation for 30 days, uniformly stirring, and stacking for 10 days;
the preparation device for realizing the preparation method of the fermentation mixture comprises a fermentation bag 1, a vertical support rod 2, a reinforcing transverse plate 3 and an inclined support rod 4, wherein the fermentation bag 1 is of a cylindrical structure, the bottom of the fermentation bag is closed, the top of the fermentation bag is open, a plurality of rows of elastic sleeves 5 are sequentially and fixedly arranged on the outer side of the fermentation bag 1 along the circumferential direction of the bag body, a plurality of clamping grooves 6 are fixedly arranged on the rod body of the vertical support rod 2 from top to bottom, a plurality of insertion holes 7 are arranged on the rod body of the vertical support rod 2 from top to bottom, a plurality of vertical support rods 2 penetrate through the elastic sleeves 5, the lower end of each vertical support rod 2 is inserted into a soil layer, elastic sleeve clamping rods 8 are inserted into the insertion holes 7, the elastic sleeve clamping rods 8 correspond to the elastic sleeves 5 one by one, the elastic sleeve clamping rods 8 are positioned at the bottom of the elastic sleeves 5, the reinforcing transverse plate 3 is an arc-shaped plate, the reinforcing transverse plates 3 of the same layer are arranged at intervals, the reinforcing transverse plates 3 of different layers are arranged in a staggered manner, a plurality of mounting holes 9 are formed in the reinforcing transverse plates 3, the upper ends of the inclined stay bars 4 are inserted into the mounting holes 9, and the lower ends of the inclined stay bars are inserted into the soil layer; the vertical support rod 2 comprises an upper rod and a lower rod, the top and the bottom of the inserting table 10 are respectively provided with a hole, the upper rod is inserted into the hole at the top of the inserting table 10, and the lower rod is inserted into the hole at the bottom of the inserting table 10;
s3, covering soil, applying a water-retaining agent while covering the soil, wherein the water-retaining agent is starch graftAcrylate in an amount of 9 g/m2The thickness of the covering soil is 3cm, and the soil used for covering the soil is the soil around the copper tailings stacking field;
s4, spreading plant ash again;
s5, planting green manure plants;
s6, spreading wood chips on the planting land, wherein the spreading thickness of the wood chips is 0.5cm, and the wood chips are wood chips sieved by a 10-mesh sieve.
Example 10
The method for converting the copper tailings in the alpine and high-altitude areas into the soil comprises the following steps:
s1, sieving the copper tailings, and flatly paving oversize materials on the ground;
s2, spreading a fermentation mixture, and ploughing, wherein the fermentation mixture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 46 parts of tailing powder, 16 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 4 parts of livestock and poultry urine, 30 parts of plant waste and 6 parts of coal ash, wherein the tailing powder is screened material obtained after copper tailings are screened in the step S1; the preparation method of the fermentation mixture comprises the steps of paving coal ash at the bottom of a fermentation bag, uniformly mixing livestock and poultry manure and livestock and poultry urine to obtain a mixture, dividing the mixture into two parts with equal weight, paving one part of the mixture on the coal ash, paving plant waste and tailing powder on the mixture, paving the other part of the mixture on the plant waste, performing anaerobic fermentation for 45 days, uniformly stirring, and stacking for 15 days;
the preparation device for realizing the preparation method of the fermentation mixture comprises a fermentation bag 1, a vertical support rod 2, a reinforcing transverse plate 3 and an inclined support rod 4, wherein the fermentation bag 1 is of a cylindrical structure, the bottom of the fermentation bag is closed, the top of the fermentation bag is open, a plurality of rows of elastic sleeves 5 are sequentially and fixedly arranged on the outer side of the fermentation bag 1 along the circumferential direction of the bag body, a plurality of clamping grooves 6 are fixedly arranged on the rod body of the vertical support rod 2 from top to bottom, a plurality of insertion holes 7 are arranged on the rod body of the vertical support rod 2 from top to bottom, a plurality of vertical support rods 2 penetrate through the elastic sleeves 5, the lower end of each vertical support rod 2 is inserted into a soil layer, elastic sleeve clamping rods 8 are inserted into the insertion holes 7, the elastic sleeve clamping rods 8 correspond to the elastic sleeves 5 one by one, the elastic sleeve clamping rods 8 are positioned at the bottom of the elastic sleeves 5, the reinforcing transverse plate 3 is an arc-shaped plate, the reinforcing transverse plates 3 of the same layer are arranged at intervals, the reinforcing transverse plates 3 of different layers are arranged in a staggered manner, a plurality of mounting holes 9 are formed in the reinforcing transverse plates 3, the upper ends of the inclined stay bars 4 are inserted into the mounting holes 9, and the lower ends of the inclined stay bars are inserted into the soil layer; the vertical support rod 2 comprises an upper rod and a lower rod, the top and the bottom of the inserting table 10 are respectively provided with a hole, the upper rod is inserted into the hole at the top of the inserting table 10, and the lower rod is inserted into the hole at the bottom of the inserting table 10;
s3, covering soil, applying a water-retaining agent while covering the soil, wherein the water-retaining agent is starch grafted acrylate and the using amount of the water-retaining agent is 15 g/m2The thickness of the covering soil is 5cm, and the soil used for covering the soil is the soil around the copper tailings stacking field;
s4, spreading plant ash again;
s5, planting green manure plants;
s6, spreading wood chips on the planting land, wherein the spreading thickness of the wood chips is 0.5cm, and the wood chips are wood chips sieved by a 10-mesh sieve.
Example 11
The method for converting the copper tailings in the alpine and high-altitude areas into the soil comprises the following steps:
s1, sieving the copper tailings, and flatly paving oversize materials on the ground;
s2, spreading a fermentation mixture, and ploughing, wherein the fermentation mixture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 39 parts of tailing powder, 14 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 3 parts of livestock and poultry urine, 27 parts of plant waste and 5 parts of coal ash, wherein the tailing powder is screened material obtained after copper tailings are screened in the step S1; the preparation method of the fermentation mixture comprises the steps of paving coal ash at the bottom of a fermentation bag, uniformly mixing livestock and poultry excrement and livestock and poultry urine to obtain a mixture, dividing the mixture into two parts with equal weight, paving one part of the mixture on the coal ash, paving plant waste and tailing powder on the mixture, paving the other part of the mixture on the plant waste, performing anaerobic fermentation for 37.5 days, uniformly stirring, and stacking for 12.5 days;
the preparation device for realizing the preparation method of the fermentation mixture comprises a fermentation bag 1, a vertical support rod 2, a reinforcing transverse plate 3 and an inclined support rod 4, wherein the fermentation bag 1 is of a cylindrical structure, the bottom of the fermentation bag is closed, the top of the fermentation bag is open, a plurality of rows of elastic sleeves 5 are sequentially and fixedly arranged on the outer side of the fermentation bag 1 along the circumferential direction of the bag body, a plurality of clamping grooves 6 are fixedly arranged on the rod body of the vertical support rod 2 from top to bottom, a plurality of insertion holes 7 are arranged on the rod body of the vertical support rod 2 from top to bottom, a plurality of vertical support rods 2 penetrate through the elastic sleeves 5, the lower end of each vertical support rod 2 is inserted into a soil layer, elastic sleeve clamping rods 8 are inserted into the insertion holes 7, the elastic sleeve clamping rods 8 correspond to the elastic sleeves 5 one by one, the elastic sleeve clamping rods 8 are positioned at the bottom of the elastic sleeves 5, the reinforcing transverse plate 3 is an arc-shaped plate, the reinforcing transverse plates 3 of the same layer are arranged at intervals, the reinforcing transverse plates 3 of different layers are arranged in a staggered manner, a plurality of mounting holes 9 are formed in the reinforcing transverse plates 3, the upper ends of the inclined stay bars 4 are inserted into the mounting holes 9, and the lower ends of the inclined stay bars are inserted into the soil layer; the vertical support rod 2 comprises an upper rod and a lower rod, the top and the bottom of the inserting table 10 are respectively provided with a hole, the upper rod is inserted into the hole at the top of the inserting table 10, and the lower rod is inserted into the hole at the bottom of the inserting table 10;
s3, covering soil, applying a water-retaining agent while covering the soil, wherein the water-retaining agent is starch grafted acrylate and the using amount of the water-retaining agent is 12 g/m2The thickness of the covering soil is 4cm, and the soil used for covering the soil is the soil around the copper tailings stacking field;
s4, spreading plant ash again;
s5, planting green manure plants;
s6, spreading wood chips on the planting land, wherein the spreading thickness of the wood chips is 0.5cm, and the wood chips are wood chips sieved by a 10-mesh sieve.
Example 12
The method for converting the copper tailings in the alpine and high-altitude areas into the soil comprises the following steps:
s1, sieving the copper tailings by a 10-mesh sieve, and flatly paving oversize materials on the ground;
s2, spreading the fermentation mixture again, wherein the spreading thickness is 3cm, and then ploughing;
s3, covering soil with the thickness of 3cm, applying starch grafted acrylate while covering soil with the amount of 10g/m2；
S4, spreading plant ash again, wherein the dosage is 90 g/m2；
S5, planting sweet clover, vetch, amorpha fruticosa and green Chinese cabbage; the sowing mode is drill sowing, the line spacing of the sweet clover is 30 cm, the sowing quantity per mu is 1 kg, and the sowing depth is 2 cm; the row spacing of the vetch is 30 cm, the seeding amount per mu is 2 kg, and the seeding depth is 4 cm; the row spacing of the amorpha fruticosa is 30 cm, the seeding amount per mu is 4 kg, and the seeding depth is 5 cm; the row spacing of the big green vegetables is 25 cm, the seeding amount per mu is 6 kg, and the seeding depth is 3 cm;
s6, spreading wood chips on the planting land, wherein the thickness of the wood chips is 0.5 cm;
the plants were maintained by conventional methods (including regular watering, fertilizing, and pest control), and the rate of emergence and survival of each plant are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 emergence rate and survival rate of the plants
As can be seen from Table 1, the emergence rate of Melilotus officinalis can reach 92%, and the survival rate can reach 90%; the emergence rate of the seed of the hairy vetch can reach 88 percent, and the survival rate can reach 91 percent; the emergence rate of amorpha fruticosa can reach 85%, and the survival rate can reach 88%; the rate of emergence of the green vegetables can reach 86 percent, and the survival rate can reach 89 percent.
Example 13
The method for converting the copper tailings in the alpine and high-altitude areas into the soil comprises the following steps:
s1, sieving the copper tailings by a 10-mesh sieve, and flatly paving oversize materials on the ground;
s2, spreading the fermentation mixture again, wherein the spreading thickness is 3cm, and then ploughing;
s3, covering soil with the thickness of 3cm, applying starch grafted acrylate while covering soil with the amount of 12 g/m2；
S4, spreading plant ash again, wherein the dosage is 120 g/m2；
S5, planting sweet clover, vetch, amorpha fruticosa and green Chinese cabbage; the sowing mode is drill sowing, the line spacing of the sweet clover is 30 cm, the sowing quantity per mu is 2 kg, and the sowing depth is 2.5 cm; the row spacing of the vetch is 30 cm, the seeding amount per mu is 3 kg, and the seeding depth is 5 cm; the row spacing of the amorpha fruticosa is 30 cm, the seeding amount per mu is 5 kg, and the seeding depth is 4 cm; the row spacing of the big green vegetables is 28 cm, the seeding amount per mu is 7 kg, and the seeding depth is 4 cm;
s6, spreading wood chips on the planting land, wherein the thickness of the wood chips is 0.5 cm;
the plants were maintained by conventional methods including regular watering, fertilizing, and pest control), and the rate of emergence and survival of each plant are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 emergence and survival rates of the plants
As can be seen from Table 2, the emergence rate of Melilotus officinalis can reach 94%, and the survival rate can reach 94%; the emergence rate of the seed of the hairy vetch can reach 90 percent, and the survival rate can reach 92 percent; the emergence rate of amorpha fruticosa can reach 86%, and the survival rate can reach 93%; the rate of emergence of the big green vegetables can reach 90 percent, and the survival rate can reach 92 percent.
Example 14
The method for converting the copper tailings in the alpine and high-altitude areas into the soil comprises the following steps:
s1, sieving the copper tailings by a 10-mesh sieve, and flatly paving oversize materials on the ground;
s2, spreading the fermentation mixture again, wherein the spreading thickness is 3cm, and then ploughing;
s3, covering soil with the thickness of 3cm, applying starch grafted acrylate while covering soil with the amount of 14 g/m2；
S4, spreading plant ash again, wherein the dosage is 100 g/m2；
S5, planting sweet clover, vetch, amorpha fruticosa and green Chinese cabbage; the sowing mode is drill sowing, the line spacing of the sweet clover is 30 cm, the sowing quantity per mu is 1.5 kg, and the sowing depth is 2.5 cm; the row spacing of the vetch is 30 cm, the seeding amount per mu is 3 kg, and the seeding depth is 4.5 cm; the row spacing of the amorpha fruticosa is 30 cm, the seeding amount per mu is 4.5 kg, and the seeding depth is 4 cm; the row spacing of the large green vegetables is 30 cm, the seeding amount per mu is 6.5 kg, and the seeding depth is 3.5 cm;
s6, spreading wood chips on the planting land, wherein the thickness of the wood chips is 0.5 cm;
the plants were maintained by conventional methods including regular watering, fertilizing, and pest control), and the rate of emergence and survival of each plant are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 emergence rate and survival rate of the plants
As can be seen from Table 3, the emergence rate of Melilotus officinalis can reach 89%, and the survival rate can reach 92%; the emergence rate of the seed of the hairy vetch can reach 92 percent, and the survival rate can reach 90 percent; the emergence rate of amorpha fruticosa can reach 87%, and the survival rate can reach 85%; the rate of emergence of the big green vegetables can reach 85 percent, and the survival rate can reach 87 percent.
Claims (10)
1. A method for converting copper tailings in alpine and high-altitude areas into soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, sieving the copper tailings, and flatly paving oversize materials on the ground;
s2, spreading the fermentation mixture again, and then ploughing;
s3, covering soil, and applying a water-retaining agent while covering the soil;
s4, spreading plant ash again;
s5, planting green manure plants;
and S6, spreading wood chips on the planting field.
2. The method for converting the copper tailings into the soil in the alpine and high-altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation mixture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32-46 parts of tailing powder, 12-16 parts of livestock and poultry excrement, 2-4 parts of livestock and poultry urine, 24-30 parts of plant waste and 4-6 parts of coal ash, wherein the tailing powder is screened material obtained after copper tailings are screened in the step S1.
3. The method for converting copper tailings into soil in the alpine and high-altitude areas according to claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the fermentation mixture comprises the steps of paving coal ash at the bottom of the fermentation bag, uniformly mixing livestock manure and livestock urine to obtain a mixture, dividing the mixture into two parts with equal weight, paving one part of the mixture on the coal ash, paving plant waste and tailings powder on the mixture, paving the other part of the mixture on the plant waste, performing anaerobic fermentation for 30-45 days, uniformly stirring, and stacking for 10-15 days.
4. The method for converting copper tailings into soil in the alpine and high-altitude areas according to claim 3, further comprising a preparation device for realizing the preparation method of the fermentation mixture, wherein the preparation device comprises a fermentation bag (1), vertical support rods (2), a reinforcing transverse plate (3) and diagonal support rods (4), the fermentation bag (1) is of a cylindrical structure, the bottom of the fermentation bag is closed, the top of the fermentation bag is open, a plurality of rows of elastic sleeves (5) are sequentially and fixedly arranged on the outer side of the fermentation bag (1) along the circumferential direction of the bag body, a plurality of clamping grooves (6) are fixedly arranged on the rod body of each vertical support rod (2) from top to bottom, a plurality of insertion holes (7) are formed in the rod body of each vertical support rod (2) from top to bottom, a plurality of vertical support rods (2) penetrate through a row of elastic sleeves (5), the lower ends of the vertical support rods (2) are inserted into the soil layer, and elastic sleeve clamping rods (8) are inserted, elastic sleeve clamping rods (8) are in one-to-one correspondence with elastic sleeves (5), the elastic sleeve clamping rods (8) are located at the bottom of the elastic sleeves (5), the reinforcing transverse plates (3) are arc-shaped plates, the reinforcing transverse plates (3) are clamped in two adjacent clamping grooves (6) in the same layer, the reinforcing transverse plates (3) in the same layer are arranged at intervals, the reinforcing transverse plates (3) in different layers are arranged in a staggered mode, a plurality of mounting holes (9) are formed in the reinforcing transverse plates (3), the upper ends of the inclined supporting rods (4) are inserted into the mounting holes (9), and the lower ends of the inclined supporting rods are inserted into soil layers.
5. The method for the copper tailings soil transformation in the alpine and high-altitude areas according to claim 4, wherein the vertical support rods (2) comprise upper rods and lower rods, holes are respectively formed in the top and the bottom of the inserting table (10), the upper rods are inserted into the holes in the top of the inserting table (10), and the lower rods are inserted into the holes in the bottom of the inserting table (10).
6. The method for converting copper tailings in the alpine-alpine high-altitude areas into soil according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the livestock manure is one or more of cow manure, sheep manure and horse manure, the livestock urine is one or more of cow urine, sheep urine and horse urine, the plant waste is one or more of straws, deadwood branches, shrub branches and wood chips, and the coal ash is collected after coal combustion.
7. The method for converting copper tailings into soil in the alpine and high-altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein the water-retaining agent is starch grafted acrylate, and the dosage of the water-retaining agent is 9-15 g/m2。
8. The method for converting the copper tailings into the soil in the alpine and high-altitude area according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the covering soil is 3-5 cm, and the soil used for covering the covering soil is the soil around the stacking area of the copper tailings.
9. The method for converting the copper tailings into the soil in the alpine and high-altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein the green manure plants are one or more of sweet clover, amorpha fruticosa, vetch and vetch.
10. The method for converting the copper tailings into the soil in the alpine and high-altitude areas according to claim 1, wherein the spreading thickness of the wood chips is 0.5cm, and the wood chips are wood chips sieved by a 10-mesh sieve.
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