CN112239569B - 磁流变弹性体 - Google Patents

磁流变弹性体 Download PDF

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CN112239569B
CN112239569B CN201911189871.1A CN201911189871A CN112239569B CN 112239569 B CN112239569 B CN 112239569B CN 201911189871 A CN201911189871 A CN 201911189871A CN 112239569 B CN112239569 B CN 112239569B
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sendust
powder
magnetorheological elastomer
sheet
magnetorheological
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CN112239569A (zh
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金荣旻
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Hyundai Motor Co
Kia Corp
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Kia Motors Corp
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Abstract

本申请提供一种磁流变弹性体，其能够实现重量减轻、保持机械特性在优异的水平、并且改善磁通密度。磁流变弹性体包括作为基质的弹性体基材以及铁硅铝磁合金薄片和球形铁硅铝磁合金粉末。磁流变弹性体通过在弹性体基材中混合铁硅铝磁合金薄片和球形铁硅铝磁合金粉末而制成。

Description

磁流变弹性体
技术领域
本公开内容涉及一种磁流变弹性体，更具体地，涉及一种能够实现重量减轻、保持机械特性在优异的水平、并且改善磁通密度的磁流变弹性体。
背景技术
磁流变(MR)材料具有由外部磁场改变的流变特性和动态特性。MR流体(MRF)、MR泡沫和MR弹性体(MRE)是磁流变材料的代表。
本部分的公开内容提供与本发明相关的背景信息。申请人并不承认本节中包含的任何信息构成现有技术。
发明内容
本公开内容提供一种磁流变弹性体，其通过应用作为磁响应性离子并具有高磁导率的铁硅铝磁合金(sendust)能够实现重量减轻、保持机械特性在优异的水平、并且改善磁通密度。
此外，本公开内容提供一种磁流变弹性体，其通过使用铁硅铝磁合金薄片对粉末形状本身应用各向异性(anisotropy)而能够进一步改善磁特性。
根据本公开内容的实施方式的磁流变弹性体可通过在弹性体基材中混合碎片状的铁硅铝磁合金薄片和球形铁硅铝磁合金粉末而制成。
相对于弹性体基材，铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的总量可为30-150PHR。
铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的混合比可为0:10-6:4。
碎片状的铁硅铝磁合金薄片和球形铁硅铝磁合金粉末的上述混合比不包括0:10的值。
具体地，铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的混合比可为0:10-4:6。
弹性体基材可为天然橡胶，形成铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的铁硅铝磁合金的合金粉末可包括9-10wt％的Si、4-8wt％的Al和余量的铁。
铁硅铝磁合金薄片以预定方向排列。
磁流变弹性体的磁通密度为0.025T(@4900A/m)以上。
磁流变弹性体的抗拉强度为150Kgf/cm2以上。
磁流变弹性体的伸长率为500％以上。
根据本公开内容，提供一种使用铁硅铝磁合金作为磁响应性粒子的磁流变弹性体，其磁导率比使用CIP粒子作为磁响应性粒子的磁流变弹性体更高。因此，即使相对于上述磁流变弹性体中使用的CIP粒子的量使用少量的铁硅铝磁合金，也可以预期能够保持相同或更高的机械特性和磁特性的效果。因此，可以减轻磁流变弹性体的重量。
此外，通过使用铁硅铝磁合金作为磁响应性粒子，改善了磁特性，因此可以预期磁流变弹性体的响应速度改善。
此外，根据形状将具有碎片形状的铁硅铝磁合金薄片和具有球形形状的铁硅铝磁合金粉末混合来使用铁硅铝磁合金，因此可以预期磁流变弹性体的机械特性的改善。
附图说明
本公开内容的上述和其它方面、特征和优点，将从以下结合附图的详细描述中变得更明显，在附图中：
图1示出磁流变弹性体的一实例；
图2示出根据本公开内容的实施方式的磁流变弹性体；
图3a是示出根据本公开内容的实施方式的混合在磁流变弹性体中的铁硅铝磁合金薄片的图片；
图3b是示出根据本公开内容的实施方式的混合在磁流变弹性体中的铁硅铝磁合金粉末的图片；和
图4是示出根据磁流变弹性体中混合的铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的混合比而变化的磁通密度的图。
具体实施方式
在下文中，参照附图详细描述本公开内容的实施方式。然而，本公开内容不限于以下实施方式，并且能够以彼此不同的各种方式实施，提供实施方式以完成本公开内容并将本公开内容的范围完全告知本领域技术人员。
磁流变流体具有流体和流体中的粒子。磁流变流体的可用性有限，因为粒子在保持过程中会沉降。因此，可能需要特定的容器来保持基质。
在一些实施中，磁流变弹性体包括作为弹性体的基质。特别地，当施加磁场时，MRE的模量改变并显示出MR有效，因此MRE能够用于许多领域，比如阻尼部件、减震器、隔音系统、绝缘体和磁阻传感器。特别地，正在进一步研究将磁流变材料应用于汽车防振部件的制造领域。
在实施方式中，球形羰基铁粉(CIP)可用作MRE的软磁粉末粒子。
图1示出根据MRE技术的实施的MRE。如图1所示，MRE通过将CIP粒子20混合在弹性体基材10中而制成。在该构造中，将磁场施加于CIP粉末20以改善MRE的磁特性，从而应用各向异性。
然而，CIP粒子20在改善MRE的反应性方面具有局限，因为粉末本身具有低磁导率。此外，通过对细粒球形CIP粒子20应用各向异性来改善磁特性也存在局限。
图2示出根据本公开内容的实施方式的磁流变弹性体，图3a是示出根据本公开内容的实施方式的混合在磁流变弹性体中的铁硅铝磁合金薄片的图片，图3b是示出根据本公开内容的实施方式的混合在磁流变弹性体中的铁硅铝磁合金粉末的图片。
如图2所示，根据本公开内容的实施方式的磁流变弹性体通过将碎片状的铁硅铝磁合金薄片100和球形铁硅铝磁合金粉末200混合在弹性体基材10中而形成。
在实施方式中，如从图3a中可以看出，铁硅铝磁合金薄片100具有大致平面或扁平形状。铁硅铝磁合金薄片较薄，使得铁硅铝磁合金薄片的厚度显著小于其宽度。在一些实施中，铁硅铝磁合金薄片的厚度为0.1-1μm，而其宽度为1-200μm。在一种实施中，铁硅铝磁合金薄片的厚度为0.1-0.2μm，而其宽度为40-150μm。在一种实施中，薄片可具有大致扁平且光滑的表面。
在实施方式中，如从图3a中可以看出，铁硅铝磁合金薄片100通过使用例如碾磨机设备将铁硅铝磁合金粉末200制成具有各向异性的碎片而形成。
在实施方式中，铁硅铝磁合金薄片由铁硅铝磁合金粉末200形成。在制造铁硅铝磁合金薄片的一些实例中，将铁硅铝磁合金粉末在两个辊之间轧制成扁平的铁硅铝磁合金薄片以具有各向异性。在一个实施方式中，薄片通常为扁平并且可具有光滑的表面。
图3b是铁硅铝磁合金粉末的图片，其示出在一个实施方式中铁硅铝磁合金粉末具有球形形状。在实施方式中，铁硅铝磁合金粉末不必形成为准确的球形形状，而是形成为基本上球形的形状。在实施方式中，铁硅铝磁合金粉末包括基本上球形的粒子。在一些实施中，球形粒子的直径为1-20μm。在一种实施中，球形粒子的直径为1-10μm。
铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末以预定方向排列以产生各向异性。特别地，至少铁硅铝磁合金薄片对其形状天然具有各向异性。
天然橡胶可用作弹性体基材。显然，弹性体基材的材料不限于天然橡胶，并且能够使用具有弹性的各种合成树脂。
将Si-Al-Fe类合金用于铁硅铝磁合金的合金粉末以便制造铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末。例如，铁硅铝磁合金的合金粉末由9-10wt％的Si、4-8wt％的Al和余量的Fe制成。
与图1所示的已用作磁流变弹性体的磁响应性粒子的CIP粉末相比，铁硅铝磁合金的合金粉末具有更高的磁导率和比电阻，因此能够改善磁流变弹性体的特性。
即，CIP粉末的磁导率μ0约为500，但铁硅铝磁合金允许粉末具有约为20,000的磁导率μ0。因此，通过使用允许粉末具有相对较高的磁导率的铁硅铝磁合金，能够改善使用磁流变弹性体的部件的响应速度，也提高磁通密度。
同时，相对于弹性体基材，铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的总量可以为30-150PHR。本文使用的PHR(每百份橡胶的份数)是指相对于每重量的弹性基材100所添加的磁响应性粒子的重量的单位。
如果相对于弹性体基材，铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的总量小于30PHR，则磁敏感性粒子的量可能太少，因此可能难以期望改善磁特性；而当铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的总量超过150PHR时，则磁敏感性粒子的量可能过多，从而可能导致硬度增加，并可能导致抗拉强度和伸长率降低。
铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的混合比可以为0:10-6:4。由于根据本公开内容的实施方式的磁流变弹性体通过将铁硅铝磁合金薄片100和铁硅铝磁合金粉末200混合在弹性体基材10中而形成，因此铁硅铝磁合金薄片100和铁硅铝磁合金粉末200的混合比不包括0:10的值。
如果铁硅铝磁合金薄片的比率增加得超过建议的混合比，则磁流变弹性体的磁通密度可能增加，但是特性比如硬度、抗拉强度、伸长率可能变差。特别地，对于例如硬度、抗拉强度、伸长率的特性，当作为磁流变弹性体的磁响应性粒子，铁硅铝磁合金薄片100和铁硅铝磁合金粉末200的混合比为0:10-6:4时，能够实现与图1所示的将150PHR的CIP粉末用作磁响应性粒子时相似的特性，并且当该比例为0:10-4:6时，能够实现更优异的特性。
接着，使用比较例和实施方式，制备各种样品，并测量每种样品的磁通密度以观察磁通密度根据混合在根据本公开内容的磁流变弹性体中的铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的混合比的变化，如图4所示。
图4是示出磁通密度根据混合在磁流变弹性体中的铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的混合比的变化的图。
所制备的样品如下表1所示。
[表1]
项 种类
No.1 CIP 150
No.2 CIP 500
No.3 SD 150(F)
No.4 SD 150(P)
No.5 SD 150(F:P＝8:2)
No.6 SD 150(F:P＝6:4)
No.7 SD 150(F:P＝5:5)
No.8 SD 150(F:P＝4:6)
No.9 SD 150(F:P＝2:8)
在表1中，CIP是指作为磁响应性粒子的CIP粉末的混合物，SD是指用于磁响应性粒子的铁硅铝磁合金的混合物，CIP和SD之后的数字是指磁响应性粒子相对于弹性体基材的含量(PHR)。另外，(F)是指铁硅铝磁合金薄片，(P)是指铁硅铝磁合金粉末。另外，F:P是指铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的含量比。
从图4可以看出，与使用CIP粒子和仅使用铁硅铝磁合金粉末的情况相比，当混合铁硅铝磁合金薄片并将其用作磁响应性粒子时的磁特性更优异。特别地，可以看出，铁硅铝磁合金薄片的含量越高，磁特性越优异。
另外，可以看出，由铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的含量比为5:5的样品测得的磁通密度为0.041T(@4900A/m)，高于由包含150PHR的CIP粒子的样品测得的磁通密度0.013T(@4900A/m)。
接着，为了观察磁流变弹性体的机械特性根据混合在磁流变弹性体中的铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的混合比的变化，制备各种样品，并测量每种样品的硬度、抗拉强度和伸长率，并在表2中示出。
[表2]
在表2中，类似于表1，RUB 100是指仅使用天然橡胶作为弹性体基材而没有混合磁响应性粒子，CIP是指混合CIP粉末作为磁响应性粒子，SD是指混合铁硅铝磁合金作为磁响应性粒子，CIP和SD之后的数字是指用于弹性体基材的磁响应性粒子的含量(PHR)。另外，(F)是指铁硅铝磁合金薄片，(P)是指铁硅铝磁合金粉末。另外，F:P是指铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的含量比。
从表2可以看出，铁硅铝磁合金薄片的含量越高，磁流变弹性体的硬度略微越高。
然而，可以看出，相对于铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的含量比为6:4，具有高含量的铁硅铝磁合金粉末的磁流变弹性体显示出抗拉强度和伸长率与包含150PHR的CIP粒子的磁流变弹性体相似或更高。
特别地，可以看出，相对于铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的含量比为4:6，具有高含量的铁硅铝磁合金粉末的磁流变弹性体显示出抗拉强度和伸长率高于包含150PHR的CIP粒子的磁流变弹性体。
从该结果注意到，铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的混合比可以为0:10-6:4。此外，注意到，铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的混合比可以特别地为0:10-4:6。
结果，从图4和表2的测量结果可以看出，当铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的混合比根据本公开内容的实施方式保持在0:10-6:4的范围内时，能够保持磁流变弹性体的磁通密度高于由包含150PHR的CIP粒子的样品测得的磁通密度。能够保持磁流变弹性体的磁通密度在0.025T(@4900A/m)或更大的优异水平。
此外，当铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的混合比根据本公开内容的实施方式保持在0:10-6:4的范围内时，能够保持磁流变弹性体的抗拉强度为150Kgf/cm2或更大。此外，当铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的混合比保持在0:10-4:6的范围内时，能够保持磁流变弹性体的抗拉强度为180Kgf/cm2或更大。
此外，当铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的混合比根据本公开内容的实施方式保持在0:10-6:4的范围内时，能够保持磁流变弹性体的伸长率为500％或更大。此外，当铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末的混合比保持在0:10-4:6的范围内时，能够保持磁流变弹性体的伸长率为550％或更大。
尽管以上参照附图和实施方式描述了本公开内容，但是本公开内容不限于此，而是限于权利要求。因此，本领域技术人员可以在不脱离权利要求的精神的情况下，以各种方式改变和修改本公开内容。

Claims (8)

1.一种磁流变弹性体，其包括：
弹性体基材；和
分散在所述弹性体基材中的铁硅铝磁合金薄片和铁硅铝磁合金粉末，
其中所述铁硅铝磁合金薄片和所述铁硅铝磁合金粉末的总量相对于所述弹性体基材为30-150PHR，
其中所述铁硅铝磁合金薄片和所述铁硅铝磁合金粉末的混合比的数值为0:10-6:4，其中不包括所述铁硅铝磁合金薄片和所述铁硅铝磁合金粉末的混合比的数值为0:10的情形。
2.根据权利要求1所述的磁流变弹性体，其中所述铁硅铝磁合金薄片和所述铁硅铝磁合金粉末的混合比的数值为0:10-4:6。
3.根据权利要求1所述的磁流变弹性体，其中所述弹性体基材包括天然橡胶，并且
其中所述铁硅铝磁合金薄片包括Si：9-10wt％、Al：4-8wt％和余量的Fe，所述铁硅铝磁合金粉末包括Si：9-10wt％、Al：4-8wt％和余量的Fe。
4.根据权利要求1所述的磁流变弹性体，其中所述铁硅铝磁合金薄片以预定方向排列。
5.根据权利要求1所述的磁流变弹性体，其中所述磁流变弹性体的磁通密度为0.025T(@4900A/m)或更大。
6.根据权利要求1所述的磁流变弹性体，其中所述磁流变弹性体的拉伸强度为150Kgf/cm2或更大。
7.根据权利要求1所述的磁流变弹性体，其中所述磁流变弹性体的伸长率为500％或更大。
8.根据权利要求1所述的磁流变弹性体，其中所述铁硅铝磁合金薄片大致为扁平，所述铁硅铝磁合金粉末大致为球形。
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