CN112229659A - Centrifugal model test device of debris flow toughness protective structure - Google Patents
Centrifugal model test device of debris flow toughness protective structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN112229659A CN112229659A CN202010934284.7A CN202010934284A CN112229659A CN 112229659 A CN112229659 A CN 112229659A CN 202010934284 A CN202010934284 A CN 202010934284A CN 112229659 A CN112229659 A CN 112229659A
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention relates to a centrifugal model test device of a debris flow toughness protection structure, which comprises: a bottom plate disposed within the centrifuge chamber; one side of the model box is a transparent surface, the model box is arranged on the bottom plate, and the interior of the model box is used for simulating the interaction process of the debris flow and the blocking structure; the sliding surface is arranged at the bottom in the model box and comprises an inclined section and a horizontal section; the flexible blocking structure is arranged at the tail end of the sliding surface in the model box and is connected with the sliding surface; the camera is fixed on the bottom plate through a camera support, a lens of the camera faces to the transparent surface of the model box, and the camera support can support the camera to be adjusted in the horizontal and vertical directions. Compared with the prior art, the invention is suitable for a hypergravity centrifugal test platform, can realize the research of the interaction mechanism of the debris flow and the flexible blocking structure under a prototype stress field, solves the problem of scale effect and provides scientific basis for structural design.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of engineering geology, in particular to a centrifugal model test device of a debris flow toughness protection structure.
Background
The impact of a strong continental earthquake on the surface geological processes is profound. In strong seismic disturbance areas, i.e. areas affected by near-field and far-field seismic activity, apparent geological disasters can maintain high activity levels for a considerable period of time and cause huge losses. For example, in the event of Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, on one hand, a large number of landslide and collapse disasters triggered by the same earthquake provide abundant sources for inoculation of post-earthquake type debris flow; on the other hand, under strong earthquake disturbance, the slope body is shattered and loosened, and a large number of unstable slopes are formed. Therefore, under extreme climatic conditions, debris flow disasters such as Mianzhu Qingxiang wenjia ditch debris flow and Wenchuan county Xiancheng Hongdonggou debris flow are easy to form, which cause tens of casualties, and the direct or indirect economic loss reaches hundreds of millions of yuan.
The retaining structure is the main prevention and treatment engineering measure of the existing debris flow disaster. The sand blocking dam built by adopting the concrete has high rigidity and good integrity, and can effectively reduce the speed and flow of debris flow. But toughness, i.e., recoverability after damage, is poor. Once the debris flow is damaged under the huge impact action, the debris flow can only be rebuilt, so that the economic cost and the time cost are both high, and the post-disaster quick recovery and reconstruction are not facilitated. In recent years, flexible protective structures have been widely used in the prevention and treatment of collapse and rockfall disasters because of their high impact energy dissipation efficiency and high toughness. The existing cases are introduced into debris flow disaster prevention, but because the debris flow impact load and the lump stone impact load have obvious difference and the debris flow has more complex rheological characteristics, more debris flows stay in the research and development test stage at present and complete design specifications are not formed yet. The flexible structure mainly comprises a support upright post, an anchoring device, a transverse steel cable, an energy dissipation device and a surface net, wherein the energy dissipation device is a core component. The scientific challenges faced in the development and development work on the application of flexible structures in debris flow control design are mainly reflected in: the interaction mechanism of debris flow and such flexible structures is still not deeply understood by engineering designers. The solution of this problem is limited by research means:
(1) the flexible structure based on the prototype scale is subjected to debris flow impact test, so that the test cost is very huge;
(2) based on the test of medium and small scale, the deformation characteristic of the flexible structure is difficult to well reserve, and due to the scale effect, the rheological characteristic of the debris flow is difficult to effectively simulate.
Therefore, an effective structural model test method needs to be developed to promote the development of a novel debris flow prevention engineering structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a centrifugal model test device for a debris flow toughness protection structure.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
a centrifugal model test device of debris flow toughness protective structure includes:
a bottom plate disposed within the centrifuge chamber;
one side of the model box is a transparent surface, the model box is arranged on the bottom plate, and the interior of the model box is used for simulating the interaction process of the debris flow and the blocking structure;
the sliding surface is arranged at the bottom in the model box and comprises an inclined section and a horizontal section;
the flexible blocking structure is arranged at the tail end of the sliding surface in the model box and is connected with the sliding surface;
the camera is fixed on the bottom plate through a camera support, a lens of the camera faces to the transparent surface of the model box, and the camera support can support the camera to be adjusted in the horizontal and vertical directions.
Preferably, the flexible blocking structure comprises a cubic structural frame, a mesh attached to the first horizontal steel cable is arranged on one side, facing the sliding surface, of the structural frame, a plurality of second horizontal steel cables perpendicular to the mesh are arranged in the structural frame, and the second horizontal steel cables are respectively provided with a tension sensor or a high-strength tension spring.
Preferably, the structural frame comprises a bottom beam arranged at the bottom of the model box, the bottom beam is anchored with the sliding surface, two upright posts are arranged on two sides of one end, close to the sliding surface, of the bottom beam, two vertical supporting rods are arranged on two sides of the other end of the bottom beam, and a plurality of horizontal supporting rods are arranged between the upright posts and the vertical supporting rods on the same side.
Preferably, a plurality of first pulleys and second pulleys are fixed in the stand columns, two ends of the first horizontal steel cable are connected with the two stand columns through the first pulleys respectively, one end of the second horizontal steel cable is connected with the stand columns through the second pulleys, the other end of the second horizontal steel cable is connected with the vertical supporting rod corresponding to the same side of the stand columns, and a position controller is arranged.
Preferably, the second horizontal steel cable is arranged between the horizontal supporting rods, the second horizontal steel cable provided with the high-strength tension spring is further provided with a starting device, and the starting device is rigidly connected with the horizontal supporting rods; the high-strength tension spring and the starting device form a reusable energy consumption device, the excitation of the starting device is controlled by the tension of the second horizontal steel cable, the second horizontal steel cable is fixed before the starting device is not excited, and the second horizontal steel cable is freely stretched after being separated from the starting device after the starting device is excited.
Preferably, the starting device comprises a fixing plate and a pressing plate which are oppositely arranged from top to bottom, the starting device is rigidly connected with the horizontal supporting rod through the fixing plate, the silica gel pad is clamped between the fixing plate and the pressing plate through a screw rod, a pressure spring is arranged between the pressing plate and the fixing plate through the screw rod, a positioner is arranged at one end of the pressing plate through the screw rod, a steel ring is arranged in the silica gel pad, and the starting device is sleeved on the second horizontal steel cable through the steel ring.
Preferably, the second horizontal steel cable provided with the high-strength tension spring is further provided with a stopper, and the stopper is located at one end of the second horizontal steel cable and internally provided with a hollow sleeve through which the second horizontal steel cable can freely pass.
Preferably, the second horizontal steel cable provided with the high-strength tension spring is further provided with a displacement marking sheet.
Preferably, the horizontal supporting rod is provided with a laser displacement meter, and a light spot of the laser displacement meter is arranged on the displacement marking sheet.
Preferably, the high-strength tension springs are provided with at least two tension springs on one second horizontal steel cable.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the device is suitable for a hypergravity centrifugal test platform, can realize the research of an interaction mechanism of the debris flow and the flexible blocking structure under a prototype stress field, solves the problem of scale effect, and provides scientific basis for structural design.
2. The testing cost of the flexible blocking structure is reduced by utilizing the similar principle of the hypergravity centrifugal machine, and the structure model related by the invention also has the advantages of repeated use and simple operation.
3. The important deformation characteristics of the flexible retaining structure are greatly restored, particularly three-section deformation behaviors, so that the flexible retaining structure can be used as a reliable means for testing the flexible structure.
4. The structural model is complete in function, and can realize the research on different design parameters of the flexible structure, namely the influence of the starting load and the deformation of the rigidity and the energy consumption device on the debris flow impact resistance of the flexible structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the construction of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the flexible retaining structure of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a left side view of the flexible retaining structure of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a right side view of the flexible retaining structure of the device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of the starting device of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the operation of the starting device of the apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a force-displacement loading curve for a structure of the device of the present invention.
The figure is marked with:
1. a base plate; 2. a model box; 3. a transparent surface; 4. a sliding surface; 5. a debris flow; 6. a camera support; 7. a camera; 8. a flexible retaining structure; 9. a column; 10. a first pulley; 11. a first horizontal wire rope; 12. a mesh sheet; 13. a bottom beam; 14. a high strength bolt; 15. a mold box sidewall; 16. a tension sensor; 17. starting the device; 18. no. 2 tension spring; 19. no. 1 tension spring; 20. a laser displacement meter; 21. a displacement mark sheet; 22. a hollow sleeve; 23. a stopper; 24. the bottom of the model box; 25. pressing a plate; 26. a positioner; 27. a screw rod; 28. a pressure spring; 29. steel rings; 30. a silica gel pad; 31. a first horizontal strut; 32. a vertical strut; 33. a fixing plate; 34. a position controller 35, a second horizontal steel cable 36 and a second pulley.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, the present application provides a centrifugal model test device of debris flow toughness protective structure, is applicable to hypergravity centrifugal test platform, includes: a base plate 1, a mold box 2, a slide surface 4, a flexible retaining structure 8, a camera 7 and a camera support 6. The model box 2 is arranged on a bottom plate 1 in a centrifuge chamber and used for simulating the interaction process of the debris flow and the blocking structure, and the model box 2 is provided with a transparent surface 3, specifically an organic glass surface, and used for capturing the impact process of the debris flow 5 by a camera 7 and inverting the velocity field of the movement of the debris flow and the deformation of the flexible structure. The model box 2 and the camera support 6 are fixed to the base plate 1, the relative distance being chosen depending on the focal length and resolution of the camera 7. The camera support 6 may support horizontal and vertical position adjustment of the camera 7 for better image capture. The sliding surface 4 comprises an inclined section and a horizontal section and is tightly connected with the model box bottom 24. The flexible retaining structure 8 is mounted at the end of the inclined slide surface 4 and is connected to the slide surface 4 by bolts. The device is suitable for a hypergravity centrifugal test platform, can realize the research of an interaction mechanism of the debris flow and the flexible blocking structure under a prototype stress field, solves the problem of scale effect, and provides scientific basis for structural design.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the flexible retaining structure 8 includes a cubic structural frame, the structural frame is provided with a mesh sheet 12 attached to the first horizontal steel cable 11 on a side facing the sliding surface 4, the structural frame is provided with a plurality of second horizontal steel cables 35 perpendicular to the mesh sheet 12, and the second horizontal steel cables 35 are respectively provided with a tension sensor 16 or a high-strength tension spring. The structural framework comprises a bottom beam 13 arranged at the bottom of the model box 2, the bottom beam 13 is anchored with the sliding surface 4, two upright posts 9 are arranged on two sides of one end of the bottom beam 13 close to the sliding surface 4, two vertical supporting rods 34 are arranged on two sides of the other end of the bottom beam, and a plurality of horizontal supporting rods 31 are arranged between the upright posts 9 and the vertical supporting rods 34 on the same side. A plurality of first pulleys 10 and second pulleys 36 are fixed in the upright posts 9, two ends of a first horizontal steel cable 11 are respectively connected with the two upright posts 9 through the first pulleys 10, one end of a second horizontal steel cable 35 is connected with the upright posts 9 through the second pulleys 36, the other end of the second horizontal steel cable is connected with a vertical supporting rod 34 corresponding to the same side of the upright posts 9, and a position controller 34 is arranged.
As shown in fig. 2, a front view of the flexible retaining structure 8 is given. The upright posts 9 are rigidly connected with the bottom beam 13, and the bottom beam 13 is anchored with the sliding surface 4 through high-strength bolts 14, so that the integral stability of the structure under the action of impact load is ensured. The first pulley 10 is fixed on the upright post 9, and the first horizontal steel cable 11 passes through the first pulley 10, so that the resistance of the steel cable in stretching is reduced. The mesh 12 is attached to the first horizontal wire ropes 11, and during the impact of the debris flow, the mesh 12 serves as a load transfer medium to transfer the impact force to the first horizontal wire ropes 11.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the second horizontal wire 35 is connected and fixed at the side. The second horizontal wire 35 mainly comprises four wires, each of which is wound to the side by a second pulley 36, and the tension sensor 16, the actuator 17, the high-strength tension spring, and the like are connected to the side. The tail end of the second horizontal steel cable 35 is fixed on the vertical support rod 32 through a position controller 34, and the position controller 34 is used for adjusting the stretching state of the second horizontal steel cable 35, so that the second horizontal steel cable 35 generates smaller prestress in the initial state, and inaccurate stretching deformation monitoring is avoided.
The second horizontal steel cable 35 is arranged between the horizontal supporting rods 31, the second horizontal steel cable 35 provided with the high-strength tension spring is further provided with a starting device 17, and the starting device 17 is rigidly connected with the horizontal supporting rods 31. The high-strength tension spring and the starting device 17 form a reusable energy consumption device, the activation of the starting device 17 is controlled by the tension of the second horizontal steel cable 35, the second horizontal steel cable 35 is fixed before the starting device 17 is not activated, and the second horizontal steel cable 35 is freely stretched after being separated from the starting device 17 after the starting device 17 is activated.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the working principle of the starting device 17 is given. The starting device 17 comprises a fixing plate 33 and a pressing plate 25 which are arranged oppositely up and down, the starting device 17 is rigidly connected with a horizontal support rod 31 through the fixing plate 33, a silica gel pad 30 is clamped between the fixing plate 33 and the pressing plate 25 through a screw rod 27, the screw rod 27 is provided with a pressure spring 28 between the pressing plate 25 and the fixing plate 33, the screw rod 27 is provided with a positioner 26 at one end of the pressing plate 25, a steel ring 29 is arranged in the silica gel pad 30, and the starting device 17 is sleeved on a second horizontal steel cable 35 through the steel ring 29. The steel ring 29 is used to enlarge the cross-sectional area of the steel cable so that it is better in contact with the silicone pad 30. And adjusting the fixed position of the positioner 26 on the screw rod 27, and changing the position of the pressing plate 25 so as to compress the silicone pad 30 and increase the friction force between the steel ring 29 and the silicone pad 33. While the pressure exerted by the pressure plate 25 can be registered by a high-strength compression spring 28. The excitation of the starting device 17 is controlled by the tension of the steel cable, when the tension of the steel cable exceeds the friction force between the steel ring 29 and the silicon rubber pad 30, the steel ring 29 is separated from the restriction of the silicon rubber pad 30 and moves freely, so that the starting device 17 does not play a role any more.
The high-strength tension spring and the starting device 17 form a reusable energy consumption device. The actuating device 17 is rigidly connected to the horizontal strut 31. Before the starting device 17 is not excited, the starting device 17 is equivalent to a fixed end of a steel cable, the second horizontal steel cable 35 is deformed mainly by the No. 1 high-strength tension spring 19 when being impacted, after the starting device 17 is excited, the second horizontal steel cable 35 is freely stretched after being separated from the starting device 17, the No. 1 tension spring 19 and the No. 2 tension spring 18 play a role simultaneously, a series effect is formed, the deformation rigidity is reduced, and the effect of an energy consumption device is simulated.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the stopper 23 functions to control the maximum deformation of the wire rope. The hollow sleeve 22 is arranged in the stopper 23, and the second horizontal steel cable 35 can freely pass through the stopper. The second horizontal steel cable 35 is connected with the displacement marking piece 21, and the size of the displacement marking piece is larger than that of the hollow sleeve 22, so that after the second horizontal steel cable 35 is stretched to a certain deformation, the No. 1 tension spring 19 and the No. 2 tension spring 18 lose action due to the limitation of the limiting device 23 on the displacement marking piece 21, the deformation of the structure reaches the maximum value, and the rigidity of the structural deformation mainly comes from the stretching deformation of the second horizontal steel cable 35. The tension of the second horizontal wire 35 is registered by means of the tension sensor 16 and the displacement or tensile deformation is registered by means of the laser displacement meter 20. The displacement mark sheet 21 moves along with the stretching of the steel rope, and the light spot of the laser displacement meter 20 is struck on the displacement mark sheet 21, namely the monitoring of the stretching displacement of the steel rope is realized.
As shown in fig. 7, the flexible retaining structure 8 has a typical three-stage deformation characteristic, the first stage corresponding to the deformation characteristic of the flexible retaining structure 8 itself, i.e. before the energy consumption device is activated; after the corresponding energy consumption device of the second section is excited, the rigidity of the structure is reduced, and the deformation capacity of the structure is increased, so that impact energy is dissipated; after the third section is exhausted corresponding to the action of the energy dissipation device, the deformation capacity of the structure reaches the maximum value, and the structural rigidity is expressed as the deformation capacity of the steel cable.
The device can realize the simulation of flexible structures with different rigidity by changing the rigidity combination of the No. 1 tension spring 19 and the No. 2 tension spring 18; the simulation of different levels of trigger loads of the flexible structure energy consumption device can be realized by changing the pressure of the pressure plate 25 of the starting device 17; by changing the position of the stop 22, the maximum deformation of the structure can be controlled, i.e. a simulation of different deformation sizes of the flexible structure is achieved. The device utilizes the similar principle of the hypergravity centrifuge, reduces the testing cost of the flexible blocking structure 8, and the structure model related to the device also has the advantages of repeated use and simple operation; the important deformation characteristics of the flexible blocking structure are greatly restored, particularly three-section deformation behaviors, so that the flexible blocking structure can be used as a reliable means for testing the flexible structure; the structural model is complete in function, and can realize the research on different design parameters of the flexible structure, namely the influence of the starting load and the deformation of the rigidity and the energy consumption device on the debris flow impact resistance of the flexible structure.
The specific application flow of the test device is as follows:
1. firstly, a structural framework of the flexible retaining structure 8 is installed, the upright posts 9, the bottom beam 13, the horizontal strut 31 and the vertical strut 32 are welded together to form rigid connection, the bottom beam 13 and the inclined section of the sliding surface 4 are connected through the bolts 14, and then the vertical strut 32 and the horizontal section of the sliding surface 4 are connected, so that the integral stability of the flexible structure main body under the impact action of debris flow is ensured.
2. One end of a second horizontal steel cable 35 is connected with a position controller 34, the position is adjusted, then the tension sensor 16 is installed on the second horizontal steel cable 35, after the completion, the second horizontal steel cable 35 is respectively wound around two pulleys to the other side, then two high-strength tension springs are connected, and meanwhile, enough space is reserved between the tension spring No. 2 18 and the position where the starting device 17 is installed for the tension spring No. 2 18 to deform, and the method is specifically determined according to test requirements.
3. The starting device 17 is fixed, the steel ring 29 processed together with the second horizontal steel cable 35 is wrapped in the silica gel gasket 30, and the position of the positioner 26 on the screw rod 27 is adjusted to drive the pressing plate 25 to compress the silica gel gasket 30, so that the friction resistance between the steel ring 29 and the silica gel gasket 30 is increased, and meanwhile, the compression amount of the compression spring 28 after the compression is finished is recorded.
4. The position controller 34 close to the starting device 17 is adjusted to generate a smaller prestress for the tension spring No. 2 18, and the position controller 34 far from the starting device 17 is adjusted to generate a smaller prestress for the tension spring No. 1 19.
5. The displacement marking piece 21 is installed at the front end of the No. 1 tension spring 19, the laser displacement meter 20 is fixed according to the position of the displacement marking piece 21, the light spot of the laser displacement meter is just hit on the displacement marking piece 21, and therefore the stretching deformation of the second horizontal steel rope 35 is recorded.
6. Fixing the stopper 23 according to the position of the displacement mark piece 21 and passing the second horizontal wire rope 35 through the hollow sleeve 22, so that the second horizontal wire rope 35 can move freely in the hollow sleeve 22; the position of the stop 23 is freely adjustable, depending on the test requirements for maximum deformation of the structure, so that the installation of the flexible retaining structure 8 is completed.
7. Next, the loading deformation characteristic of the flexible retaining structure 8 is calibrated, mainly the starting load of the starting device 17 and the structural deformation rigidity are calibrated. Firstly, static loading is carried out, quasi-static pressure is slowly applied to a single second horizontal steel cable 35 from the main view direction, signals of the tension sensor 16 and the laser displacement meter 20 are collected simultaneously until the structure reaches the maximum deformation, namely, the structure cannot be further deformed greatly under the action of the stopper 23, and then the loading is stopped.
8. The data of the tension sensor 16 and the laser displacement meter 20 are analyzed, a force-displacement loading curve is drawn, the deformation characteristics as shown in fig. 7 are determined, and several key parameters are obtained, including the rigidity and the deformation size of each stage of deformation and the load at the beginning of the second stage of deformation, namely the excitation load of the starting device.
9. And (3) changing the compression amount of a pressure spring 28 in the starting device 17, the rigidity combination of the tension spring 19 No. 1 and the tension spring 18 No. 2 and the installation position of the stopper 23, mainly changing the distance between the stopper 23 and the displacement marking sheet 21, and repeating the step 7 and the step 8, so that the one-to-one correspondence relationship between the structural parameter excitation load, the rigidity and the deformation and the structure quasi-static loading deformation characteristic is obtained, and the subsequent test is used as the basis.
10. And (3) carrying out a dynamic loading test on the structure, impacting the single second horizontal steel cable 35 by using a steel ball, and then testing the phase state operation process by using quasi-static loading to obtain the one-to-one correspondence relationship among the structure parameter excitation load, the rigidity, the deformation size and the structure deformation characteristic under the dynamic loading, so as to be used as the basis for the subsequent test.
11. After the test is finished, arranging a test device, integrally placing the installed sliding surface 4 and the flexible blocking structure 8 into a model box 2, then performing leakage-proof treatment on the sliding surface 4, and selecting a wire mesh or a flexible plastic plate to simulate a mesh 12 of a flexible structure, wherein the test is specifically determined according to the test requirements; the mesh 12 is directly attached to the first horizontal steel cord 11 and is bonded thereto by a strong adhesive.
12. The bottom plate 1 is arranged at a proper position of a centrifuge basket, the centrifuge basket is firmly fixed by adopting a high-strength bolt, and then the model box 2 is fixed at a proper position on the bottom plate 1; then, the camera 7 is installed, and the focal length and the light source of the camera are set.
13. According to the test requirements, the structure is calibrated according to the structure, the parameters of the structure are set, and after the structure is completed, the centrifugal machine can be started to perform the impact test of debris flow on the flexible blocking structure 8.
14. After the test is finished, cleaning the test device, recovering the structural model, and repeating the same test working condition or further changing the parameters of the structure to start a new test working condition.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a mud-rock flow toughness protective structure's centrifugal model test device which characterized in that includes:
a bottom plate (1) arranged in the centrifuge chamber;
the model box (2) is provided with a transparent surface at one side and is arranged on the bottom plate (1), and the interior of the model box is used for simulating the interaction process of the debris flow and the blocking structure;
the sliding surface (4) is arranged at the bottom in the model box (2) and comprises an inclined section and a horizontal section;
the flexible blocking structure (8) is arranged at the tail end of the sliding surface (4) in the model box (2) and is connected with the sliding surface (4);
the camera is fixed on the bottom plate (1) through a camera bracket (6), the lens of the camera faces to the transparent surface of the model box (2), and the camera bracket (6) can support the position adjustment of the camera in the horizontal and vertical directions.
2. The centrifugal model test device of a debris flow toughness protection structure according to claim 1, wherein the flexible retaining structure (8) comprises a cubic structural frame, the structural frame is provided with a mesh (12) attached to a first horizontal steel cable (11) on a side facing a sliding surface (4), a plurality of second horizontal steel cables (35) perpendicular to the mesh (12) are arranged in the structural frame, and the second horizontal steel cables (35) are respectively provided with a tension sensor (16) or a high-strength tension spring.
3. The centrifugal model test device of the debris flow toughness protection structure according to claim 2, wherein the structural framework comprises a bottom beam (13) arranged at the bottom of the model box (2), the bottom beam (13) is anchored with the sliding surface (4), the bottom beam (13) is provided with two upright posts (9) at two sides close to one end of the sliding surface (4), two vertical supporting rods (34) at two sides of the other end, and a plurality of horizontal supporting rods (31) are arranged between the upright posts (9) and the vertical supporting rods (34) at the same side.
4. The centrifugal model test device for the debris flow toughness protection structure according to claim 3, wherein a plurality of first pulleys (10) and second pulleys (36) are fixed in the upright columns (9), two ends of the first horizontal steel cable (11) are respectively connected with the two upright columns (9) through the first pulleys (10), one end of the second horizontal steel cable (35) is connected with the upright columns (9) through the second pulleys (36), the other end of the second horizontal steel cable is connected with the vertical support rod (34) on the same side of the corresponding upright column (9), and a position controller (34) is arranged.
5. The centrifugal model test device of the debris flow toughness protection structure according to claim 3, wherein the second horizontal steel cable (35) is arranged between the horizontal supporting rods (31), the second horizontal steel cable (35) provided with the high-strength tension spring is further provided with a starting device (17), and the starting device (17) is rigidly connected with the horizontal supporting rods (31); the high-strength tension spring and the starting device (17) form a reusable energy consumption device, the activation of the starting device (17) is controlled by the tension of the second horizontal steel cable (35), the second horizontal steel cable (35) is fixed before the starting device (17) is not activated, and the second horizontal steel cable (35) is freely stretched after being separated from the starting device (17) after the starting device (17) is activated.
6. The centrifugal model test device of the debris flow toughness protection structure according to claim 5, wherein the starting device (17) comprises a fixing plate (33) and a pressing plate (25) which are arranged oppositely, the starting device (17) is rigidly connected with the horizontal support rod (31) through the fixing plate (33), a silica gel pad (30) is clamped between the fixing plate (33) and the pressing plate (25) through a lead screw (27), the lead screw (27) is provided with a pressure spring (28) between the pressing plate (25) and the fixing plate (33), the lead screw (27) is provided with a positioner (26) at one end of the pressing plate (25), a steel ring (29) is arranged in the silica gel pad (30), and the starting device (17) is sleeved on the second horizontal steel cable (35) through the steel ring (29).
7. The centrifugal model test device of the debris flow toughness protection structure according to claim 2, wherein a stopper (23) is further arranged on the second horizontal steel cable (35) provided with the high-strength tension spring, the stopper (23) is positioned at one end of the second horizontal steel cable (35) and is internally provided with a hollow sleeve through which the second horizontal steel cable (35) can freely pass.
8. The centrifugal model test device of the debris flow toughness protection structure according to claim 7, wherein a displacement marking sheet (21) is further arranged on the second horizontal steel cable (35) provided with the high-strength tension spring.
9. The centrifugal model test device of the debris flow toughness protection structure according to claim 8, wherein a laser displacement meter (20) is arranged on the horizontal supporting rod (31), and a light spot of the laser displacement meter (20) is arranged on the displacement mark sheet (21).
10. The centrifugal model test device of a debris flow toughness protection structure according to claim 2, wherein at least two high-strength tension springs are arranged on one second horizontal steel cable (35).
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| CN112229659B (en) | 2022-02-18 |
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