CN112219639A - Preparation method of decomposed biogas residues, culture medium and application of culture medium - Google Patents
Preparation method of decomposed biogas residues, culture medium and application of culture medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN112219639A CN112219639A CN202011101585.8A CN202011101585A CN112219639A CN 112219639 A CN112219639 A CN 112219639A CN 202011101585 A CN202011101585 A CN 202011101585A CN 112219639 A CN112219639 A CN 112219639A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of cultivation, in particular to a preparation method of decomposed biogas residues, a cultivation medium and application of the decomposed biogas residues. The invention provides a preparation method of biogas residues, which comprises the following steps: drying and crushing the biogas residue raw material to obtain crushed biogas residue; and mixing the crushed biogas residues with wheat bran and lime, stacking, fermenting and sterilizing to obtain decomposed biogas residues. The biogas residue obtained by the preparation method of the decomposed biogas residue can replace part of miscellaneous wood chips to cultivate new raw materials of black fungus, can save miscellaneous wood chip resources and reduce the cost of a cultivation medium.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of cultivation, in particular to a preparation method of decomposed biogas residues, a cultivation medium and application of the decomposed biogas residues.
Background
Black fungus is an important wood rot edible fungus, and mainly takes cellulose and hemicellulose as main nutrient substances. With the continuous expansion of the industrial scale of black fungus, the demand of cultivation raw materials is more and more. In 2014, the protection engineering of the national natural forest is implemented, the black fungus cultivation raw materials are in short supply, the price of mixed wood dust is increasingly improved, and the production cost of the black fungus is continuously increased. Therefore, the research on the black fungus cultivation substitute becomes a research hotspot.
The cultivation substrate adopted at the present stage still has the problem of high production cost caused by using a large amount of mixed wood chips. Therefore, how to save the wood scraps and reduce the cultivation cost is the problem to be solved at the present stage.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a preparation method of decomposed biogas residues, a culture medium and application thereof. The biogas residue obtained by the preparation method of the decomposed biogas residue can replace part of miscellaneous wood chips to cultivate new raw materials of black fungus, can save miscellaneous wood chip resources and reduce the production cost of a cultivation medium.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a preparation method of decomposed biogas residues, which comprises the following steps:
drying and crushing the biogas residue raw material to obtain crushed biogas residue;
and mixing the crushed biogas residues with wheat bran and lime, and stacking and fermenting to obtain decomposed biogas residues.
Preferably, the drying temperature is 80-85 ℃, and the drying time is 3-4 h.
Preferably, the mesh number of the crushed biogas residues is 10-100 meshes.
Preferably, the addition amount of the wheat bran is 3-6% of the mass of the biogas residue raw material; the addition amount of the lime is 0.5-1.2% of the mass of the biogas residue raw material.
Preferably, the days for heap fermentation is 10-15 days.
Preferably, the water content of the dried biogas residue obtained by drying is 8-12 wt.%.
The invention provides a culture medium, which comprises the following raw materials: the decomposed biogas residue, coarse wood chips, fine wood chips, wheat bran, gypsum and lime obtained by the preparation method in the technical scheme; comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-30% of decomposed biogas residues, 40-60% of coarse sawdust, 20-40% of fine sawdust, 3-10% of wheat bran, 1.0-1.5% of gypsum and 1.0-1.5% of lime.
Preferably, the pH value of the culture medium is 6-6.5.
Preferably, the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the culture substrate is 80-90: 1.
The invention provides application of the biogas residues obtained by the preparation method of the technical scheme or the culture medium of the technical scheme in black fungus culture.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a preparation method of decomposed biogas residues, which comprises the following steps: drying and crushing the biogas residue raw material to obtain crushed biogas residue; and mixing the crushed biogas residues with wheat bran and lime, and stacking and fermenting to obtain decomposed biogas residues. The biogas residue obtained by the preparation method of the decomposed biogas residue provided by the invention can replace part of miscellaneous wood chips to cultivate new raw materials of black fungus, can save miscellaneous wood chip resources and reduce the production cost of the cultivation medium.
In addition, the preparation method provided by the invention can reduce the content of antibiotics and hormones, and avoid the problem of inhibiting the growth of black fungus hyphae, thereby influencing the yield and quality of black fungus; the biogas residues also contain microorganisms, and by adopting the preparation method provided by the invention, the effect of thorough sterilization can be achieved, the problem that the sterilization of the black fungus bags is not thorough due to the microorganisms such as spores in the biogas residues is avoided, the pollution rate of the black fungus bags is increased, and the production cost is increased; the preparation method provided by the invention removes volatile harmful chemical substances, particularly aromatic chemical substances through a drying method, and avoids the problem that the aromatic chemical substances inhibit the growth of black fungus hyphae; harmful microorganisms can be thoroughly killed by heap fermentation.
The invention also provides a culture medium, and the culture medium provided by the invention can save the miscellaneous wood chip resources and reduce the production cost of the culture medium. In the culture medium provided by the invention, biogas residues and hard wood chips can provide carbon sources and nitrogen sources required by the growth of black fungus; the hard coarse wood chips can increase the gap between the black fungus bag and the culture material; the hard and mixed fine wood dust can increase the water absorption capacity and water holding capacity of the black fungus bag; the wheat bran can provide a nitrogen source required by the growth of the black fungus; the gypsum can provide calcium element and sulfur element required by the growth of black fungus, and meanwhile, the gap structure of the culture material is adjusted; lime can adjust the pH of the culture material; in the culture medium provided by the invention, part of biogas residues are used for replacing miscellaneous wood chips to cultivate black fungus, a new raw material capable of partially replacing miscellaneous wood chips to cultivate black fungus is found, miscellaneous wood chip resources are saved, and the cultivation and production cost of black fungus is reduced.
The proportion and the proportion of the components in the culture medium provided by the invention can maintain the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the black fungus bag culture material at an optimal proportion. Under the condition of the carbon-nitrogen ratio, the black fungus hyphae grow fast, the growth vigor is optimal, and the black fungus yield and quality are optimal.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of decomposed biogas residues, which comprises the following steps: drying and crushing the biogas residue raw material to obtain crushed biogas residue; and mixing the crushed biogas residues with wheat bran and lime, and stacking and fermenting to obtain decomposed biogas residues.
The invention dries and crushes the raw material of the biogas residue to obtain the crushed biogas residue. In the invention, the drying temperature is preferably 80-85 ℃, and more preferably 80 ℃; the drying time is 3-4 h, and more preferably 3.2-3.8 h; the drying is preferably carried out in a drying tower. In the invention, the mesh number of the crushed biogas residues is preferably 10-100 meshes, and more preferably 10-80 meshes; more preferably 10 mesh; the water content of the dried biogas residue obtained by drying is preferably 8-12 wt.%, and more preferably 10%. The preparation method provided by the invention removes volatile harmful chemical substances, particularly aromatic chemical substances by a drying method, and avoids the problem that the aromatic chemical substances inhibit the growth of black fungus hyphae.
The invention has no special requirements on the source of the biogas residue raw material, and can adopt the biogas residue obtained by fermenting pure straws obtained by a biogas plant known by the technical personnel in the field or the biogas residue obtained by self-preparation. In the invention, the source of the biogas residue raw material is preferably a product obtained by fermenting pure straws without adding any other substances; can avoid the influence of the added substances on the growth of the black fungus hypha and the quality of the black fungus fruiting body. In the specific embodiment of the invention, the biogas residue raw material is from Heilongjiang national macro energy-saving and environment-friendly company Limited. In the invention, the preferable preparation mode of the biogas residue raw material is as follows: crushing straws, and then performing circulating fermentation to obtain a fermentation product and a fermentation liquid; leaching out fermentation liquor, and obtaining biogas residue raw material by using the fermentation product; the circular fermentation is preferably carried out in a biogas plant, and the invention has no special requirements on the circular fermentation mode; the particle size of the crushed straw is preferably 2-4 cm; the fermentation period is preferably 30-35 d, and more preferably 30 d; after the fermentation liquor is drained, the method preferably comprises the step of airing the rest fermentation product; the specific mode of the airing treatment is spreading and airing; the thickness of the flattening is preferably 2-3 cm; the water content of the biogas residue raw material obtained after the airing treatment is preferably 27-35 wt.%, and more preferably 30 wt.%. After the industrial fermentation, macromolecular substances in the straws are decomposed into micromolecular substances, so that the black fungus is more favorably absorbed and utilized.
The invention mixes the crushed biogas residues with wheat bran and lime, and then builds up piles for fermentation to obtain the biogas residues. In the invention, the addition amount of the wheat bran is preferably 3-6% of the mass of the biogas residue raw material, and more preferably 3.5-5.5%; the addition amount of the lime is preferably 0.5-1.2% of the mass of the biogas residue raw material, and more preferably 0.6-1.1%. According to the invention, the nitrogen source in the biogas residue raw material can be increased by adding the wheat bran, so that microorganisms in the biogas residue raw material can rapidly grow and reproduce, the heap-building fermentation time is shortened, and the sterilization is more thorough; the pH value of the mixture obtained by mixing the biogas residues, the wheat bran and the lime is preferably 6-7, and more preferably 6.5. The lime added in the invention can adjust the pH value of the biogas residue raw material, so that the mixture can reach the optimal growth condition of microorganisms, and the growth and the propagation of the microorganisms are facilitated. In the invention, the time for heap fermentation is preferably 10-15 d, and more preferably 11-14 d. In the invention, when the temperature of the heap fermentation reaches 60 ℃, the invention preferably also comprises heap turning treatment; the frequency of the turning treatment is preferably 3-5 d/time; the number of times of turning treatment is preferably 2-3 d/time. According to the invention, the temperature of the biogas residue raw material is gradually raised through heap fermentation, so that the temperature for gradually germinating and propagating microorganisms in the biogas residue raw material can be reached; in the process of heap building and fermentation, the heap temperature rises, microorganisms in the heap grow and reproduce, and heat in the fungus in the cultivation material is generated and accumulated, so that a high-temperature environment is created, harmful microorganisms can be thoroughly killed, and the problem that the thorough difficulty in killing is high due to the existence of microorganism spores in the biogas residue raw material is avoided. Meanwhile, microorganisms grow and breed, and macromolecular substances in the biogas residues are decomposed into micromolecular substances which are easy to absorb and utilize by the agaric.
The biogas residue obtained by the biogas residue preparation method provided by the invention is a new raw material capable of replacing part of miscellaneous wood chips to cultivate black fungus, can save miscellaneous wood chip resources and reduce the production cost of a cultivation medium. The biogas residues also contain microorganisms, and by adopting the preparation method provided by the invention, the effect of thorough sterilization can be achieved, the problem that the sterilization of the black fungus bags is not thorough due to the microorganisms such as spores in the biogas residues is avoided, the pollution rate of the black fungus bags is further improved, and the production cost is increased.
The invention provides a culture medium, which comprises the following raw materials: biogas residue, coarse wood chips, fine wood chips, wheat bran, gypsum and lime obtained by the preparation method in the technical scheme; comprises the following components in percentage: 10-30% of biogas residues, 40-60% of coarse sawdust, 20-40% of fine sawdust, 3-10% of wheat bran, 1.0-1.5% of gypsum and 1.0-1.5% of lime. In the invention, the pH value of the culture medium is preferably 6-6.5, and more preferably 6.1-6.4; the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the culture medium is preferably 80-90: 1, and more preferably 83-88: 1.
The culture medium provided by the invention comprises 10-30% of biogas residues by mass percentage, and preferably 11-28%. In the invention, the biogas residues and the hard wood chips can provide carbon sources and nitrogen sources required by the growth of black fungus.
The cultivation substrate comprises 40-60% of coarse wood chips, preferably 42-57%, preferably birch hard coarse wood chips, oak hard coarse wood chips or poplar soft coarse wood chips, and more preferably birch hard coarse wood chips or oak hard coarse wood chips; the particle size of the coarse wood chips is preferably 0.3-0.5 cm, and more preferably 0.3-0.4 cm.
The cultivation substrate comprises 20-40% of fine wood chips, preferably 23-39% of fine wood chips, preferably the fine wood chips comprise birch hard fine wood chips, oak hard fine wood chips or poplar soft fine wood chips, and more preferably birch hard fine wood chips or oak hard fine wood chips; the particle size of the fine wood dust is preferably 0.01-0.3 cm, and more preferably 0.05-0.25 cm. In the invention, the coarse wood chips can increase the clearance between the black fungus bag and the culture material, the reasonable amount of fine wood chips is matched, the relative thickness is controlled, and the permeability, the water absorption capacity and the water holding capacity of the black fungus bag are further increased.
The culture medium provided by the invention comprises 3-10% of wheat bran by mass percentage, and preferably 3.5-9.5%. In the invention, the wheat bran can provide a nitrogen source required by the growth of the black fungus.
The culture medium provided by the invention comprises 1.0-1.5% of gypsum by mass percentage, and preferably 1.1-1.4%. In the invention, the gypsum can provide calcium element and sulfur element required by the growth of black fungus, and simultaneously adjust the gap structure of the culture material.
The culture medium provided by the invention comprises 1.0-1.5% of lime by mass percentage, and preferably 1.0-1.4%. In the invention, lime can adjust the pH of the culture material.
In the culture medium provided by the invention, part of biogas residues are used for replacing miscellaneous wood chips to cultivate black fungus, a new raw material capable of partially replacing miscellaneous wood chips to cultivate black fungus is found, miscellaneous wood chip resources are saved, and the cultivation and production cost of black fungus is reduced. The proportion and the proportion of the components in the culture medium provided by the invention can maintain the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the black fungus bag culture material at an optimal proportion. Under the condition of the carbon-nitrogen ratio, the black fungus hyphae grow fast, the growth vigor is optimal, and the black fungus yield and quality are optimal.
The invention provides application of the biogas residues obtained by the preparation method of the technical scheme or the culture medium of the technical scheme in black fungus culture. In the present invention, it is preferable that the culture substrate is sterilized and then used for inoculation, cultivation, after-ripening and ear emergence.
Before the black fungus is cultivated, the method preferably further comprises the step of bagging the cultivation substrate to obtain the black fungus bag. The bagging process of the present invention is not limited in any way as is known to those skilled in the art. In the invention, the black fungus bag is preferably obtained by sterilization treatment; the sterilization treatment mode is preferably high-pressure moist heat sterilization; when the sterilization temperature is preferably 118-125 ℃, the sterilization time is preferably 2-6 h, more preferably, the sterilization temperature is 121 ℃, and the sterilization time is 6 h; when the sterilization temperature is preferably 105-110 ℃, the sterilization time is preferably 10-12 h, more preferably, the sterilization temperature is 110 ℃, and the sterilization time is 12 h.
In the invention, the method preferably comprises the steps of cooling the black fungus bag before inoculation; the temperature of the cooled black fungus bag is preferably below 35-40 ℃, and more preferably below 35 ℃; the cooling treatment is preferably carried out in a cooling chamber. In the present invention, the inoculation is preferably in a sterile environment; the inoculation is preferably to inoculate secondary strains of the black fungus; the source of the first-class strain has no special requirement and is purchased from a department with regular edible fungus strain sales qualification; during inoculation, the inoculation amount of the black fungus is preferably 0.5-3% of the culture medium by mass, and more preferably 1-2%; the culture temperature is preferably 18-24 ℃, and more preferably 22 ℃; the humidity of the culture is preferably 40% to 60%, more preferably 50%. In the invention, the after-ripening temperature is preferably 16-20 ℃, and more preferably 18 ℃; the after-ripening humidity is preferably 40% to 60%, more preferably 50%; the after-ripening time is preferably 15-20 d, and more preferably 20 d; the standard of after-ripening is preferably that the fungus bag is full of black fungus hypha. In the invention, the ear outlet mode is preferably that the greenhouse hanging bag is used for ear outlet; the temperature of the fungus is preferably 18-22 ℃, and more preferably 19-21 ℃.
In the invention, the preparation method of the secondary strain of black fungus is preferably as follows:
after soaking wheat seeds, adding lime and gypsum and mixing to obtain a cultivation material;
sterilizing the cultivation material to obtain a sterilized cultivation material;
and sequentially inoculating and culturing the sterilized cultivation material to obtain the secondary species of the black fungus.
According to the invention, after wheat seeds are soaked, lime and gypsum are added and mixed to obtain the cultivation material. In the invention, the soaking time is preferably 12-16 h, and more preferably 14 h; the using amount of the lime is preferably 1.5-2.5% of the mass of the wheat seeds, and more preferably 1.5-2.0%; the dosage of the gypsum is preferably 0.5-1.5% of the mass of the wheat seeds, and more preferably 1.0-1.5%. After the soaking, the invention preferably also comprises the step of airing the soaked wheat seeds obtained after the soaking; the specific mode of the airing treatment is preferably as follows: fishing out the soaked wheat seeds and draining. The present invention does not require any means for such mixing, and may be practiced in a manner well known to those skilled in the art.
After the mixing, the invention preferably also comprises bagging the mixed material obtained by mixing to obtain a bagged cultivation material; the filling bags for bagging treatment are preferably polyethylene thin fungus bags; the polyethylene thin fungus bag is preferably an adherent polyethylene thin fungus bag with the specification of 15cm multiplied by 30 cm; during bagging treatment, each charging bag is preferably charged by 0.5-0.6 kg. Before the bagging process of the present invention, it is preferable to check whether the bag is air-tight. The present invention is not limited in any way to the manner of bagging, and may be carried out in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
The cultivation material is sterilized to obtain the sterilized cultivation material. In the present invention, the sterilization treatment is preferably high-pressure moist heat sterilization; the temperature of the sterilization treatment is preferably 121 ℃; the time of the sterilization treatment is preferably 4 hours.
The invention inoculates and cultures the sterilized cultivation material in sequence to obtain the secondary species of the black fungus. In the present invention, when the temperature of the sterilized compost is lowered to 35 ℃ or less, it is preferable to perform seed soaking; the inoculation amount of the inoculation is preferably 5-7 bags of bagged cultivation materials transferred to each mother seed, and more preferably 5 bags of bagged cultivation materials; the inoculation is preferably carried out under sterile conditions. In the invention, the temperature of the culture is preferably 23-27 ℃, and more preferably 24-26 ℃; the relative humidity of the air for culture is preferably controlled to be 40-60%, and more preferably 40-50%; the cultivation is preferably carried out in a culture chamber; the environment of the culture is preferably: the indoor light-proof and good ventilation are realized; the end standard of the culture is preferably that hypha overgrows the fungus bag, namely the secondary species of the black fungus;
in order to further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are provided to describe the preparation method, cultivation substrate and application of biogas residue in detail, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The preparation method of the secondary strain of the black fungus comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation of
Soaking the wheat seeds for 14h, fishing out after night, draining off water, adding 1.5% of lime (1.5% of the mass of the wheat seeds) and 1.5% of gypsum (1.5% of the mass of the wheat seeds), and uniformly mixing to obtain the cultivation material.
(2) Bagging-off
And bagging the mixture by adopting adherent polyethylene thin fungus bags with the specification of 15cm multiplied by 30cm to obtain bagged cultivation materials, wherein before bagging, whether the plastic bags leak air or not is checked, and each bag is filled with 0.5-0.6 kg of materials.
(3) Sterilization
And (3) carrying out high-pressure damp-heat sterilization on the bagged cultivation material, and sterilizing for 4 hours at 121 ℃ to obtain the sterilized cultivation material.
(4) Inoculation of
When the temperature of the bag drops below 35 ℃, the inoculation is ready. The whole inoculation process is carried out under the aseptic condition, and each black fungus mother strain is transferred with 5 bags of sterilized cultivation materials.
(5) Culturing
Culturing indoor bacteria, controlling the temperature at 25 ℃, controlling the relative humidity of air at about 40%, keeping out of the sun indoors, and ventilating well. The hypha grows over the fungus bag to obtain the second-class species of the black fungus.
The following examples and comparative examples all use the secondary species of Auricularia auricula obtained herein.
Example 1
Crushing the straw to 2cm, and circularly fermenting in a biogas plant for 30 days. Collecting the fermented biogas residues, draining the biogas slurry, spreading to a thickness of about 2cm, and air-drying to a water content of about 30 wt.% to obtain biogas residue raw material (Heilongjiang national macro energy-saving and environmental-friendly Co., Ltd.).
The preparation method of the biogas residue comprises the following steps:
and drying the biogas residue raw material in a drying tower at the temperature of 80 ℃ until the water content is 8 wt.%, thereby obtaining the dried biogas residue. And (3) drying the biogas residues, crushing the dried biogas residues into 10 meshes, adding wheat bran accounting for 3% of the mass of the biogas residue raw material and lime accounting for 0.5% of the mass of the biogas residue raw material, uniformly mixing, stacking, fermenting for about 10 days to obtain biogas residues.
Preparing a culture medium: 10% of biogas residues, 43% of hard coarse wood chips (the particle size is 0.3-0.4 cm), 35% of hard fine wood chips (the particle size is 0.05-0.2 cm), 10% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of lime; the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the culture substrate is preferably 90: 1.
Sterilizing the black fungus bag by high pressure moist heat sterilization at 121 deg.C for 4 hr.
And (3) cultivating black fungus: inoculating secondary species of black fungus, wherein the inoculation amount is 1.0% of the mass of the culture medium, and culturing black fungus bags at 20 ℃ and the humidity is 50%; after the fungus bags are full of black fungus hypha, after-ripening for 18 days at 18 ℃, and the humidity is 50%; and carrying out cultivation ear-growing tests by adopting a greenhouse bag-hanging ear-growing mode.
The method comprises the following specific operations:
(1) heating the greenhouse: and 3, in the middle ten days of the month, covering the plastic film of the greenhouse for increasing the temperature.
(2) The fungus bags are put into a shed: and (3) putting black fungus bags into the shed in the last ten days of the month, stacking the fungus bags, and keeping 10cm intervals between the stacks. Opening the black fungus bag in the last ten days of 4 months, and opening a small linear opening with the diameter of 0.3cm and the number of the openings of about 230 by using an opening machine.
(3) Bag hanging of the fungus bag: hanging bags in the last ten days of 4 months, and fastening 3 nylon ropes at the positions of the cross bars of the frame in the shed every 25cm in a delta shape. Each group of nylon ropes can be used for hanging 7 bags in a three-dimensional way. When the bag is hung, the distance between the bags is not less than 20cm, and the distance between the rows is not less than 25 cm.
(4) And (3) germination acceleration of the fungus bags: accelerating germination begins in the last ten days of 4 months, a little water is poured after the bags are hung for 3 days, and the temperature is controlled to be about 20 ℃. Meanwhile, watering is carried out on the ground, so that the relative humidity of air in the greenhouse is kept at about 80 percent all the time. Ventilating for 2 times per day for about 12 days, and allowing ear bud to grow into mung bean.
(5) And (3) ear emergence management: after the germination is finished, the watering amount is gradually increased, and the ventilation is increased. Spraying water as much as possible, and not watering when the temperature in the greenhouse exceeds 25 ℃. The water spray is typically intermittently applied from 4 pm to 8 pm to maintain the relative humidity of the air at about 92% of the time. Watering is carried out intermittently for about 30min, and is stopped for 20min, and the steps are repeated for 3 times. Ventilating after spraying water, ventilating 2 times every day, ventilating in the morning and evening when the temperature is high, and ventilating at noon when the temperature is low.
Example 2
Crushing the straw to 4cm, and circularly fermenting in a biogas plant for 30 days. Collecting the fermented biogas residues, draining the biogas slurry, spreading to a thickness of about 3cm, and air-drying to a water content of about 30 wt.% to obtain biogas residue raw material (Heilongjiang national macro energy-saving and environmental-friendly Co., Ltd.).
The preparation method of the biogas residue comprises the following steps:
and drying the biogas residue raw material in a drying tower at the temperature of 80 ℃ until the water content is 12 wt.%, thereby obtaining the dried biogas residue. And (3) drying the biogas residues, crushing the dried biogas residues into 10 meshes, adding wheat bran accounting for 6% of the mass of the biogas residue raw material and lime accounting for 1.2% of the mass of the biogas residue raw material, uniformly mixing, stacking, fermenting for about 15 days to obtain biogas residues.
Preparing a culture medium: 16% of biogas residues, 54% of hard coarse wood chips (the particle size is 0.3-0.4 cm), 20% of hard fine wood chips (the particle size is 0.05-0.2 cm), 7.6% of wheat bran, 1.2% of gypsum and 1.2% of lime; the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the culture medium is preferably 88: 1.
Sterilizing the black fungus bag by high pressure moist heat sterilization at 121 deg.C for 4 hr.
And (3) cultivating black fungus: inoculating secondary seeds of black fungus, wherein the inoculation amount is 1.2 percent of the mass of the culture medium, and culturing black fungus bags at 22 ℃ and the humidity is 45 percent; after the fungus bags are full of black fungus hypha, after-ripening for 20 days at 16 ℃ and the humidity is 48%; and carrying out cultivation ear-growing tests by adopting a greenhouse bag-hanging ear-growing mode.
The specific operation was carried out in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 3
Crushing the straws to 3cm, and circularly fermenting in a biogas plant for 30 days. Collecting the fermented biogas residues, draining the biogas slurry, spreading to a thickness of about 2cm, and air-drying to a water content of about 30 wt.% to obtain biogas residue raw material (Heilongjiang national macro energy-saving and environmental-friendly Co., Ltd.).
The preparation method of the biogas residue comprises the following steps:
and drying the biogas residue raw material in a drying tower at the temperature of 80 ℃ until the water content is 10 wt.%, thereby obtaining the dried biogas residue. And (3) drying the biogas residues, crushing the dried biogas residues into 10 meshes, adding wheat bran accounting for 4% of the mass of the biogas residue raw material and lime accounting for 1% of the mass of the biogas residue raw material, uniformly mixing, stacking, fermenting for about 10-15 days, and sterilizing to obtain the biogas residues.
Preparing a culture medium: 24% of biogas residues, 40% of hard coarse wood chips (the particle size is 0.3-0.4 cm), 30% of hard fine wood chips (the particle size is 0.05-0.2 cm), 3.5% of wheat bran, 1.2% of gypsum and 1.3% of lime; the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the culture substrate is preferably 85: 1.
Sterilizing the black fungus bag by high pressure moist heat sterilization at 121 deg.C for 4 hr.
And (3) cultivating black fungus: inoculating secondary species of black fungus, wherein the inoculation amount is 1.4% of the mass of the culture medium, and culturing black fungus bags at 20 ℃ and the humidity is 47%; after the fungus bags are full of black fungus mycelia, carrying out after-ripening treatment at 16 ℃ for 20 days with the humidity of 45%; and carrying out cultivation ear-growing tests by adopting a greenhouse bag-hanging ear-growing mode.
The specific operation was carried out in the same manner as in example 1.
Example 4
Crushing the straw to 4cm, and circularly fermenting in a biogas plant for 30 days. Collecting the fermented biogas residues, draining the biogas slurry, spreading to a thickness of about 3cm, and air-drying to a water content of about 30 wt.% to obtain biogas residue raw material (Heilongjiang national macro energy-saving and environmental-friendly Co., Ltd.).
The preparation method of the biogas residue comprises the following steps:
and drying the biogas residue raw material in a drying tower at the temperature of 80 ℃ until the water content is 12 wt.%, thereby obtaining the dried biogas residue. And (3) drying the biogas residues, crushing the dried biogas residues into 10 meshes, adding wheat bran accounting for 5% of the mass of the biogas residue raw material and lime accounting for 1.2% of the mass of the biogas residue raw material, uniformly mixing, stacking, fermenting for about 15 days to obtain biogas residues.
Preparing a culture medium: 30% of biogas residues, 34% of hard coarse wood chips (the particle size is 0.3-0.5 cm), 30% of hard fine wood chips (the particle size is 0.05-0.3 cm), 3.1% of wheat bran, 1.4% of gypsum and 1.5% of lime; the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the culture substrate is preferably 80: 1.
Sterilizing the black fungus bag by high pressure moist heat sterilization at 121 deg.C for 4 hr.
And (3) cultivating black fungus: inoculating secondary seeds of black fungus, wherein the inoculation amount is 1.6 percent of the mass of the culture medium, and culturing black fungus bags at 22 ℃ and the humidity is 45 percent; after the fungus bags are full of black fungus hypha, after-ripening for 15 days at 20 ℃, wherein the humidity is 45%; and carrying out cultivation ear-growing tests by adopting a greenhouse bag-hanging ear-growing mode.
The specific operation was carried out in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 1
Preparing a culture medium: 50% of hard impurity coarse wood chips (the particle size is 0.3-0.4 cm), 40% of hard impurity fine wood chips (the particle size is 0.05-0.2 cm), 8% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of lime; the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the culture substrate is preferably 90: 1.
And (3) cultivating black fungus: inoculating secondary species of black fungus, wherein the inoculation amount is 1.0% of the mass of the culture medium, and culturing black fungus bags at 20 ℃ and the humidity is 47%; after the fungus bags are full of black fungus hypha, after-ripening for 15 days at 20 ℃, wherein the humidity is 45%; and carrying out cultivation ear-growing tests by adopting a greenhouse bag-hanging ear-growing mode.
The specific operation was carried out in the same manner as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
Preparing a culture medium: 45% of hard coarse wood chips (with the particle size of 0.3-0.5 cm), 35% of hard fine wood chips (with the particle size of 0.05-0.3 cm), 18% of wheat bran, 1% of gypsum and 1% of lime; the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the culture substrate is preferably 87: 1.
Sterilizing the black fungus bag by high pressure moist heat sterilization at 121 deg.C for 4 hr.
And (3) cultivating black fungus: inoculating secondary seeds of black fungus, wherein the inoculation amount is 1.2 percent of the mass of the culture medium, and culturing black fungus bags at 20 ℃ and the humidity is 48 percent; after the fungus bags are full of black fungus hypha, after-ripening for 18 days at 18 ℃, wherein the humidity is 47%; and carrying out cultivation ear-growing tests by adopting a greenhouse bag-hanging ear-growing mode.
The specific operation was carried out in the same manner as in example 1.
Counting the black fungus cultivated in the embodiments 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2, wherein the statistical indexes are as follows: hypha growth speed, germination rate, single-bag yield and sensory evaluation score, wherein the sensory evaluation is that 10 professionals who receive sensory test training form an evaluation group, the sensory evaluation indexes of the black fungus are referred to table 1, and the average value is taken as the sensory evaluation score; the statistical results are shown in table 2.
TABLE 1 Black fungus sensory evaluation scoring table
TABLE 2 investigation results of black fungus hypha growth rate, germination rate, single-bag yield and sensory evaluation score
| Group of | Hypha growth rate (cm/d) | Germination rate/% | Yield per g of single bag | Sensory evaluation score |
| Example 1 | 0.46±0.04a | 94.43±1.65a | 52.66±2.34a | 85.58±2.85a |
| Example 2 | 0.48±0.04a | 95.00±2.77a | 53.15±2.25a | 85.49±1.97a |
| Example 3 | 0.43±0.02a | 94.78±2.42a | 52.80±2.24a | 84.78±3.01a |
| Example 4 | 0.43±0.03a | 94.35±2.25a | 52.52±2.35a | 84.38±3.23a |
| Comparative example 1 | 0.45±0.05a | 97.57±1.24a | 53.62±3.08a | 85.79±2.59a |
| Comparative example 2 | 0.46±0.05a | 96.91±2.18a | 52.60±3.05a | 85.56±3.27a |
Note: the different lower case letters in each column represent the significance of the difference (P < 0.05).
As can be seen from table 2, when the black fungus is cultivated by using the cultivation substrate provided by the invention, compared with the conventional black fungus cultivated by using miscellaneous wood chips, the influence on the sprouting rate, the single-bag yield, the sensory evaluation and the like is not obvious, and the hypha growth rate can reach a considerable level, so that the black fungus can be cultivated by using the biogas residue provided by the invention to partially replace the miscellaneous wood chips.
The embodiment shows that the biogas residue obtained by the decomposed biogas residue preparation method provided by the invention can replace part of miscellaneous wood chips to cultivate new raw materials of black fungus, can save miscellaneous wood chip resources and reduce the production cost of the cultivation substrate.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the decomposed biogas residues is characterized by comprising the following steps:
drying and crushing the biogas residue raw material to obtain crushed biogas residue;
and mixing the crushed biogas residues with wheat bran and lime, and stacking and fermenting to obtain decomposed biogas residues.
2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the drying temperature is 80-85 ℃ and the drying time is 3-4 h.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mesh number of the crushed biogas residues is 10-100 meshes.
4. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the wheat bran is added in an amount of 3-6% by mass of the biogas residue raw material; the addition amount of the lime is 0.5-1.2% of the mass of the biogas residue raw material.
5. The preparation method of claim 1, wherein the number of days of heap fermentation is 10-15 days.
6. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the water content of the dried biogas residue obtained by drying is 8-12 wt.%.
7. The culture substrate is characterized by comprising the following raw materials: decomposed biogas residue, coarse wood chips, fine wood chips, wheat bran, gypsum and lime obtained by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 6; comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-30% of decomposed biogas residues, 40-60% of coarse sawdust, 20-40% of fine sawdust, 3-10% of wheat bran, 1.0-1.5% of gypsum and 1.0-1.5% of lime.
8. The culture medium according to claim 7, wherein the pH of the culture medium is 6 to 6.5.
9. The culture medium according to claim 7, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio in the culture medium is 80-90: 1.
10. Use of biogas residue obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the culture medium according to any one of claims 7 to 9 in the cultivation of black fungus.
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