CN112211005B - 一种难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料 - Google Patents
一种难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112211005B CN112211005B CN202010987831.8A CN202010987831A CN112211005B CN 112211005 B CN112211005 B CN 112211005B CN 202010987831 A CN202010987831 A CN 202010987831A CN 112211005 B CN112211005 B CN 112211005B
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- sodium alginate
- phosphate
- fabric
- antibacterial
- silver nitrate
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- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 30
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Abstract
本发明涉及聚合物涂层复合材料技术领域,具体涉及一种难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料,是以含海藻酸钠的磷酸盐、硝酸银为原料进行反应,以可溶性非卤化物金属盐为交联剂,形成磷酸银修饰的海藻酸钠复合材料;利用磷酸银对海藻酸钠进行修饰,弥补了海藻多糖盐涂层和纤维织物不抗菌的缺陷,且提高了涂层织物的耐火性能和抗菌性能,极限氧指数超过了40%,抑菌率超过了97%,特别适用于制造耐火和抗菌要求都很高的纺织涂层装饰材料,同时有效降低了涂层织物的发烟量,减小了遇火发烟致死的危险性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚合物涂层复合材料技术领域,具体涉及一种难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料。
背景技术
我国海带养殖产量占世界总产量的80%以上,具有巨大的资源优势;海藻酸钠是从褐藻(海带等)中提取的水溶性阴离子多糖,具有生物相容性好、可生物降解、无毒副作用,以及优异的吸湿性能、凝胶性能和生物活性,在医药、食品,环保等领域具有广泛应用。
现有的天然纤维织物(棉、麻、丝、毛)和人造纤维织物(涤纶、尼龙、丙纶等)及其再生纤维织物(粘胶等)的极限氧指数(LOI) 多数都低于20%,都具有易燃烧、燃烧速率快、烟雾大的特点,涤纶在燃烧过程中还容易发生熔滴现象,转移火灾或者烫伤人体。不能满足火灾风险大的场所对耐火性能的高要求。尤其是这些纤维基本没有抗菌性能或者达不到抗菌材料的要求,从而限制了它在装饰材料、防火、防传染性疾病等领域的应用。
海藻酸钠溶液在pH=5-9时稳定,并在二价金属离子交联下形成凝胶。钙离子是最常用的交联离子,交联后形成蛋壳结构。海藻酸钠具有良好的增稠性、稳定性、絮凝性、螯合性和成膜性等,广泛应用于食品、医学、纺织等行业。但是将海藻酸钠作为涂层剂,由于其属于亲水性多糖,对水的阻抗性较差,同时海藻酸盐的机械稳定性差,所以不适合承载金属离子。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足,提出了一种难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料。
具体是通过以下技术方案来实现的:
一种难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料,以含海藻酸钠的磷酸盐、硝酸银为原料进行反应,以可溶性非卤化物金属盐为交联剂,形成磷酸银修饰的海藻酸钠复合材料。
所述难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料用于涂覆于织物。
所述织物为纤维材料,包括但不限于如下中任一种:纯棉布、涤纶布、尼龙布、涤棉布、涤纶无纺布、粘/涤布、麻布、丙纶布。
所述磷酸盐为水溶性钠盐、钾盐、铵盐中任意一种或多种混合物。
所述可溶性非卤化物金属盐,其可溶性非卤化物为硝酸盐、醋酸盐、乳酸盐中任意一种或多种混合物。
所述可溶性非卤化物金属盐,其金属盐为钙盐、锌盐、钙盐和锌盐的混合物中任一种。
一种难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)在搅拌下将硝酸银溶液滴加到含海藻酸钠的磷酸盐溶液中,待反应液变成金黄色凝胶体时终止搅拌,真空脱气后静置10-20min 得到涂层剂C;
(2)在涂层设备上按照织物与涂层剂C的质量比为1:0.05-0.5 刮涂在织物上,再浸入1-3%可溶性非卤化物金属盐中交联反应 20-30min,用去离子水浸洗2-4次、喷洗1-2次,再蒸汽干燥,冷至常温即为成品。
所述硝酸银溶液与含海藻酸钠的磷酸盐溶液的质量比为1: (7-13)。
所述含海藻酸钠的磷酸盐溶液,是将磷酸盐溶于水中,调节pH 至9-10,然后加热至45℃,在超声作用下缓慢加入海藻酸钠,待海藻酸钠完全溶解后维持30-60min,即得;其中磷酸盐、海藻酸钠、去离子水的质量比为磷酸盐:海藻酸钠:去离子水=1:2-4:70-100。
所述硝酸银溶液是在常温下,将硝酸银溶解于去离子水中,然后在搅拌条件下向硝酸银溶液中滴入25%氨水,再维持搅拌、反应 3-5min;其中,硝酸银、25%氨水、去离子水的质量比为硝酸银:25%氨水:去离子水=1:5-6:5-7。
所述可溶性非卤化物金属盐,以金属离子计,金属离子质量是海藻酸钠质量的8-15%。
所述蒸汽干燥,其工作条件为:95-103℃,5-12min。
传统方法中是将可溶性磷酸盐滴入硝酸银中反应生成磷酸银后再溶解海藻酸钠,这不仅会使得磷酸银在海藻多糖大分子上团聚、分布不匀,并且海藻酸钠分子链上的羟基具有还原性,可将Ag+还原为 Ag,这使得海藻酸钠不易负载单质金属,而本申请中利用将海藻酸钠与可溶性磷酸盐先配制成溶液A,这使得可溶性磷酸盐能够起到缓冲作用,防止海藻酸钠的羟基对银离子进行还原,而硝酸银与磷酸盐发生化学反应生成磷酸银,而海藻酸钠的羧基可与、钙、银离子通过静电相互作用形成蛋壳结构的复合物,加上介孔作用,这使得磷酸银能够均匀地掺杂于结构中。
本发明在硝酸银溶液中加入氨水形成银-氨配合物,这有利于形成近球型结构的磷酸银,而这种磷酸银结构不仅增大了接触面积,提高了涂层材料的抗菌性能和阻燃性能,还使得海藻酸钠中的亲水基团被包埋,进而,加强了对水的阻抗性较差,对海藻酸钠进行磷酸盐掺杂能够加强骨架力学性能,进而提高涂层材料的机械稳定性。
有益效果:
(1)利用磷酸银对海藻酸钠进行修饰,弥补了海藻多糖盐涂层和纤维织物不抗菌的缺陷,且提高了涂层织物的耐火性能和抗菌性能,极限氧指数超过了40%,抑菌率超过了97%,特别适用于制造耐火和抗菌要求都很高的纺织涂层装饰材料。而在文献《低聚壳聚糖的制备、溶解及其包覆海藻纤维的结构与性能》报道海藻纤维的极限氧指数为34.4%。
(2)有效降低了涂层织物的发烟量,减小了遇火发烟致死的危险性。
(3)多价金属的海藻酸盐和磷酸银的原位生成-复合过程,克服了在海藻酸盐中直接添加磷酸银容易团聚的缺陷,使得磷酸银在海藻大分子本体内分布均匀,均一性好,流体性能好,特别方便涂层成型。
(4)可溶性非卤化物钙盐和锌盐的选用,解决了在卤素离子,尤其是氯离子存在的环境中不易生成磷酸银的瓶颈技术问题。
(5)蒸汽干燥消除了涂层的内应力,克服了涂层织物的脆性,使涂层织物有良好的柔软度,并且蒸汽干燥并未对涂层剂结构进行破坏。
附图说明
图1是难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层剂涂层的XRD图片;
图2为难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层剂涂层的SEM图片;
图3为海藻酸钙抑菌圈实验图片;
图4为海藻酸钙/磷酸银涂层剂抑菌圈实验。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细的说明,但本发明并不局限于这些实施方式,任何在本实施例基本精神上的改进或代替,仍属于本发明权利要求所要求保护的范围。
实施例1
一种难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按照磷酸二氢钠:海藻酸钠:去离子水=1:3:80的质量比进行称量,将磷酸二氢钠溶于去离子水中,用1%氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至9-10,然后加热至45℃,在超声作用下缓慢加入海藻酸钠,在海藻酸钠完全溶解后,维持30min,即得溶液A;
(2)按照硝酸银:25%氨水:去离子水=1:5:5的质量比进行称量,将硝酸银在常温下溶解于去离子水中,然后在搅拌下将25%氨水滴入硝酸银溶液中,再维持搅拌、反应3min,即得溶液B;
(3)在搅拌下,将质量分数为1的溶液B滴入质量分数为10 的溶液A中,待反应液变成金黄色时终止搅拌,真空脱气后静置20 min,即得涂层剂C;
(4)在涂层设备上按照织物与涂层剂C的质量比为1:0.3刮涂在纯棉布上,再置于2%的硝酸钙中交联反应25min,其中,2%的硝酸钙的用量以钙计钙质量是海藻酸钠质量的8%,用去离子水浸洗3次,喷洗1次,再100℃蒸汽干燥8min,冷却至常温即为成品。
实施例2
一种难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按照磷酸氢钾:海藻酸钠:去离子水=1:2:85的质量比进行称量,将磷酸氢钾溶于去离子水中,用1%氢氧化钠溶液调节pH 至9-10,然后加热至45℃,在超声作用下缓慢加入海藻酸钠,在海藻酸钠完全溶解后,维持45min,即得溶液A;
(2)按照硝酸银:25%氨水:去离子水按照1:5.5:6的质量比进行称量,将硝酸银在常温下溶解于去离子水中,然后在搅拌下将 25%氨水滴入硝酸银溶液中,再维持搅拌、反应4min,即得溶液B;
(3)在搅拌下,将质量分数为1的溶液B滴入质量分数为7的溶液A中,,待反应液变成金黄色时终止搅拌,真空脱气后静置15 min,即得涂层剂C;
(4)在涂层设备上按织物与涂层剂C的质量比为1:0.05刮涂在涤棉布(45/55)上,再浸入1%的硝酸锌溶液中交联反应20min,其中,1%的硝酸锌溶液的用量以锌计锌质量是海藻酸钠质量的10%,用去离子水浸洗2次,喷洗2次,再103℃蒸汽干燥5min,冷却至常温即为成品。
实施例3
一种难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按照磷酸钠:海藻酸钠:去离子水=1:4:100的质量比进行称量,将磷酸钠溶于去离子水中,用1%硝酸溶液调节pH至9-10,然后加热至45℃,在超声作用下缓慢加入海藻酸钠,在海藻酸钠完全溶解后,维持60min,即得溶液A;
(2)按照硝酸银:25%氨水:去离子水=1:6:7的质量比进行称量,将硝酸银在常温下溶解于去离子水中,然后在搅拌下将25%氨水滴入硝酸银溶液中,再维持搅拌、反应5min,即得溶液B;
(3)在搅拌下,将质量分数为1的溶液B滴入质量分数为13 的溶液A中,,待到反应液变成金黄色时终止搅拌,真空脱气后静置 10min,即得涂层剂C;
(4)在涂层设备上按照织物与涂层剂C的质量比为1:0.5刮涂在涤纶布上,再浸入3%乳酸钙溶液中交联反应30min,其中,3%的乳酸钙溶液的用量以钙计钙质量是海藻酸钠质量的15%,用去离子水浸洗4次、喷洗2次,再95℃蒸汽干燥12min,冷却至常温即为成品。
实施例4
一种难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按照磷酸铵:海藻酸钠:去离子水=1:4:100的质量比进行称量,将磷酸铵溶于去离子水中,用1%硝酸溶液调节pH至9-10,然后加热至45℃,在超声作用下缓慢加入海藻酸钠,在海藻酸钠完全溶解后,维持60min,即得溶液A;
(2)按照硝酸银:25%氨水:去离子水=1:6:7的质量比进行称量,将硝酸银在常温下溶解于去离子水中,然后在搅拌下将25%氨水滴入硝酸银溶液中,再维持搅拌、反应5min,即得溶液B;
(3)在搅拌下,将质量分数为1的溶液B滴入质量分数为10 的溶液A中,,待反应液变成金黄色时终止搅拌,真空脱气后静置 20min,即得溶液C;
(4)在涂层设备上按照织物与涂层剂C的质量比为1:0.1刮涂在尼龙布上,再浸入2%醋酸锌溶液中交联反应25min,其中,3%醋酸锌溶液的用量以锌计锌质量是海藻酸钠质量的12%,用去离子水浸洗 3次、喷洗1次,再100℃蒸汽干燥8min,冷却至常温即为成品。
实施例5
一种难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料,其制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)按照磷酸二氢钠:海藻酸钠:去离子水=1:3:85的质量比进行称量,将磷酸二氢钠溶于水中,用1%氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至 9-10,然后加热至45℃,在超声作用下缓慢加入海藻酸钠,在海藻酸钠完全溶解后,维持45min,即得溶液A;
(2)按照硝酸银:25%氨水:去离子水=1:5.5:6的质量比进行称量,将硝酸银在常温下溶解于去离子水中,然后在搅拌下将25%氨水滴入硝酸银溶液中,再维持搅拌、反应4min,即得溶液B;
(3)在搅拌下,将质量分数为1的溶液B滴入质量分数为10 的溶液A中,,待反应液变成金黄色时终止搅拌,真空脱气后静置 15min,即得溶液C;
(4)在涂层设备上按照织物与涂层剂C的质量比为1:0.4刮涂在涤纶无纺布上,再浸入1.5%硝酸锌和1%硝酸钙混合溶液中交联反应 25min,其中1%硝酸钙的用量以钙计钙质量是海藻酸钠质量的6%, 1.5%硝酸锌的用量以锌计锌质量是海藻酸钠质量的6%,用去离子水浸洗4次、喷洗1次,再100℃蒸汽干燥8min,冷却至常温即为成品。
实施例6
同实施例1,仅将纯棉布置换为粘/涤布(70/30)。
实施例7
同实施例1,仅将纯棉布置换为麻布。
实施例8
同实施例1,仅将纯棉布置换为丙纶布。
按照国标规定方法,对实施例1-8的成品进行其极限氧指数(LOI) 和抑菌率测定。
图1是难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层剂涂层的XRD图片,可见涂层剂的2θ衍射峰与磷酸银(Ag3PO4)的标准光谱相匹配(JCPDS 卡,NO.74-1876,),表明涂层剂是CaAlg/Ag3PO4复合材料。
图2为难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层剂涂层的SEM图片,发现涂层中的Ag3PO4以20-100nm的近球形颗粒分布在CaAlg大分子连续相中,证明涂层剂为纳米磷酸银涂层剂。
图3为海藻酸钙抑菌圈实验图片,图4为海藻酸钙/磷酸银涂层剂抑菌圈实验,两者比较可见海藻酸钙材料未出现抑菌圈,而海藻酸钙/磷酸银涂层剂出现了明显的抑菌圈。
表1为海藻酸钙和实施例1涂层织物的阻燃数据对比。垂直燃烧实验阻燃材料级别(UL-94)由垂直燃烧试验仪测试;极限氧指数(LOI) 由极限氧指数仪测定;释热速率(PHRR)等燃烧实验数据由圆锥量热仪(CONE)测定。通过比较发现,尽管两者均达到UL-94标准中的V-0阻燃等级,但本专利申请实施例样品LOI超过了40%,点燃时间更长,耐火性能得到显著提高。而且实施例样品的热释放速率、总热释放量和总释烟量都显著低于海藻酸钙材料,所以,新材料在火灾中的安全性优势明显。
表1.海藻酸钙和涂层织物实施例的阻燃数据对比
UL-94:垂直燃烧实验阻燃材料级别;LOI:极限氧指数;PHRR:释热速率;THR:总释热量;TSR:总释烟量;TTI:点火时间;Residue:热分解残渣量。
表2为代表性实施例1难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层剂和海藻酸钙材料的抗菌性能对比,可见海藻酸钙材料的抑菌率为0,实施例1涂层布的抗菌性数据对比对大肠杆菌的抑菌率大于99%,对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌率大于97%。
表2.海藻酸钙和代表性实施例1涂层布的抗菌性数据对比
E.coli:大肠杆菌(革兰氏阴性菌);S.aureus:金黄色葡萄球菌(革兰氏阳性菌)。
试验例1
1.溶液A对难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料的阻燃性能影响
本申请选择磷酸盐、海藻酸钠为溶液A的原料,以去离子水为溶剂,将磷酸盐、海藻酸钠、溶剂按照1:1:50(A1组)、1:1:70(A2组)、 2:1:50(A3组)、1:2:100(A4组)、1:2:70(A5组)、1:4:70(A6 组)、1:4:100(A7组)、1:5:70(A8组)、1:5:100(A9组)、1:4:50 (A10组)的质量比进行配制,各组均按照实施例1的方法制成难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料;
将各组复合材料按照国标《塑料燃烧性能实验方法氧指数法》 (GB/T 2406—93)判断其防火性能,按照国标《建筑材料燃烧或分解的烟密度试验方法》(GB/T 8627—2007)进行排烟量的检测,其结果显示:A1组-A10组的氧指数均大于27,属于难燃材料,其中A4组-A7 组(分布在40-50之间)的氧指数显著高于其他组别(分布在31-35 范围内),而烟密度方面,A4-A7组烟密度≤100Dm,B5-B8组分布于115-125Dm内,均小于300Dm。
2.溶液B对难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料的阻燃性能影响
本申请选择硝酸银、25%氨水为溶液B的原料,以去离子水为溶剂,将硝酸银、25%氨水、溶剂按照1:5:5(B1组)、1:6:5(B2组)、 1:5:7(B3组)、1:6:7(B4组)、2:5:5(B5组)、2:8:5(B6组)、 1:4:7(B7组)、1:5:9(B8组)的质量比进行配制,再按照实施例3 的方法制成难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料的阻燃性能影响;
将各组复合材料按照国标《塑料燃烧性能实验方法氧指数法》 (GB/T 2406—93)判断其防火性能,按照国标《建筑材料燃烧或分解的烟密度试验方法》(GB/T 8627—2007)进行排烟量的检测,其结果显示:B1组-B8组的氧指数均大于27,属于难燃材料,其中B1组-B4 组(分布在40-50之间)的氧指数显著高于其他组别(分布在30-35 范围内),而各组烟密度无显著差别,均小于300Dm,烟密度分布在 92-100Dm范围内。
3.蒸汽干燥温度对难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料的抗菌性能影响
在实施例3的基础上,分别将蒸汽干燥温度调整为100℃、 105℃、120℃、92℃,其他步骤与条件同实施例3一致,制成难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料后进行抗菌性测试;
抗菌性测试:
抑菌率:参照GB/T21510-2008《纳米无机材料抗菌性能检测方法》进行抑菌率测试。选取大肠杆菌作为试验菌种,称取试验样本(0.5± 0.05)g粉末放入三角烧瓶中,加入95mL经灭菌的磷酸盐缓冲溶液 (PBS),混匀后,再加入5mL预制大肠杆菌菌液。另取空白瓶,不加任何样品作为对比空白。将含空白样和试验样的三角烧瓶固定在恒温振荡培养箱中,于(37±1)℃条件下培养4h,振荡频率为150r/min。振荡后,空白样液和试验样液经适当稀释,分别取1.0mL接种于灭菌平皿中,倾注45~55℃营养琼脂液体,待琼脂培养基凝固后翻转平板, 于(37±1)℃恒温培养箱中培养18~24h。最后,拍照、数菌落数并计算抑菌率,抑菌率=(1-A/A0)×100%,其中:A0为空白对照样的菌落数; A为样品试样的菌落数。结果如表3所示;
表3
在上述实验基础上,将试验菌种替换为金黄色葡萄球菌,其抑菌率结果如表4所示;
表4
由表3、表4可知:随着蒸汽干燥温度的升高,抑菌率降低,虽然低温蒸汽干燥能够保持较好的抑菌活性,但是温度过低不能消除内应力。
Claims (4)
1.一种难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料,其特征在于,以含海藻酸钠的磷酸盐、硝酸银为原料进行反应,以可溶性非卤化物金属盐为交联剂,形成磷酸银修饰的海藻酸钠复合材料;
所述难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料的制备方法包括如下步骤:
(1)在搅拌下将硝酸银溶液滴加到含海藻酸钠的磷酸盐溶液中,待反应液变成金黄色凝胶体时终止搅拌,真空脱气后静置10-20min得到涂层剂C;
(2)在涂层设备上按照织物与涂层剂C的质量比为1:0.05-0.5刮涂在织物上,再浸入1-3%可溶性非卤化物金属盐中交联反应20-30min,用去离子水浸洗2-4次、喷洗1-2次,再蒸汽干燥,冷至常温即为成品;
所述含海藻酸钠的磷酸盐溶液,是将磷酸盐溶于水中,调节pH至9-10,然后加热至45℃,在超声作用下缓慢加入海藻酸钠,待海藻酸钠完全溶解后维持30-60min,即得;其中磷酸盐、海藻酸钠、去离子水的质量比为磷酸盐:海藻酸钠:去离子水=1:2-4:70-100;
所述硝酸银溶液是在常温下,将硝酸银溶解于去离子水中,然后在搅拌条件下向硝酸银溶液中滴入25%氨水,再维持搅拌、反应3-5min;其中,硝酸银、25%氨水、去离子水的质量比为硝酸银:25%氨水:去离子水=1:5-6:5-7;
所述可溶性非卤化物金属盐,其可溶性非卤化物为硝酸盐、醋酸盐、乳酸盐中任意一种或多种混合物;
所述可溶性非卤化物金属盐,其金属盐为钙盐、锌盐、钙盐和锌盐的混合物中任一种。
2.如权利要求1所述一种难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料,其特征在于,所述磷酸盐为水溶性钠盐、钾盐、铵盐中任意一种或多种混合物。
3.如权利要求1所述一种难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料,其特征在于,所述硝酸银溶液与含海藻酸钠的磷酸盐溶液的质量比为1:(7-13)。
4.如权利要求1所述一种难燃强抗菌的海洋多糖聚合物涂层材料,其特征在于,所述蒸汽干燥,其工作条件为:95-103℃,5-12min。
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