CN112194869A - 一种可热塑性加工pva专用料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及生物可降解材料领域,公开了一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料及其制备方法,包括如下原料组成,按重量份数计:PVA树脂50~90重量份、活性纳米碳酸钙(球型纳米碳酸钙:片状纳米碳酸钙=1:3)1~10重量份、增塑剂10~40重量份、热稳定剂1~5重量份和抗氧剂0.5~3重量份。各组合物按一定配比混合均匀,经双转子连续混炼挤出造粒工艺制备可热塑性加工PVA专用料。本发明提供的可热塑性加工PVA专用料能够实现水溶性PVA树脂的造粒。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物可降解材料领域,具体涉及一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前,大力发展非石油路线高分子材料,减少高分子材料工业对石油尤其是进口石油的依赖,是国家科技发展的战略任务之一。PVA树脂(聚乙烯醇)是一种可由煤、天然气等非石油路线大规模工业化生产的高分子材料,同时作为可生物降解的水溶性聚合物,符合国家可持续发展的战略目标,近年来发展十分迅速。
PVA薄膜制备方法有溶液流延法和熔融挤出成膜法,分别称为湿法和干法。溶液流延法工艺流程较长,产品质量不易控制,出膜率低,能耗高,设备投资大,所制备的PVA薄膜耐候性不佳,冬天湿度低时,薄膜易发脆,卷曲变形;夏天湿度较大时,薄膜发粘,尺寸不稳定。
公开/公告号为CN106189010A的中国发明专利公开了一种吹塑成型的聚乙烯醇膜及其制备方法,其采用将可熔融加工聚乙烯醇树脂吹塑成膜,其工艺简单,设备投资少,占地面积少,可吹塑常温、中温、高温水溶薄膜。
熔融挤出成膜是将PVA树脂与一些加工助剂混合造粒,而后进行熔融挤出成膜的干法制膜工艺。但PVA树脂相邻羟基间易形成分子内和分子间氢键,且结晶区存在微硬结构,使其熔点在220~240℃,接近分解温度200~250℃,难以热塑加工。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料,其具有降低PVA树脂的熔点,获得热塑加工窗口的优点。
本发明的上述目的是通过以下技术方案得以实现的:一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料,其特征在于,包括如下原料组成,按重量份数计:PVA树脂50~90重量份、活化纳米碳酸钙(球型纳米碳酸钙:片状纳米碳酸钙=1:3)1~10重量份、增塑剂10~40重量份、热稳定剂1~5重量份和抗氧剂0.5~3重量份。
采用上述技术方案,活化纳米碳酸钙中的球形纳米碳酸钙会阻碍聚乙烯醇分子的热运动,活化纳米碳酸钙中的片状纳米碳酸钙阻碍氧气向内部的扩散,从而延缓分解过程;与此同时活化纳米碳酸钙的纳米粒子与增塑剂有协同作用,能够降低PVA树脂的熔点,获得热塑加工窗口。
进一步地,还包括以下重量份数计的的原料:含氟化合物0.5~3重量份。
采用上述技术方案,含氟化合物中氟原子电负性大,容易与PVA树脂的羟基形成分子间氢键,从而破坏了PVA树脂相邻羟基间形成分子内和分子间氢键,使小分子增塑剂更易进入分子内部进行增塑,从而降低了PVA树脂熔点,拓宽了PVA树脂的热塑加工窗口,并且氟原子电负性大,含氟化合物能够向材料表面迁移,使得氟原子在材料表面富集,材料表面能低,熔融时具有较好的流动性,制备的PVA膜具有一定的疏水性。
进一步地,所述含氟化合物为六氟丁醇、三氟乙醇、二氟乙醇、八氟戊醇、三氟环氧丙烷、全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸-2、2、2-三氟乙酯的一种或几种
采用上述种类的含氟化合物,能更加容易与PVA的羟基形成分子间氢键,破坏 PVA树脂相邻羟基间形成分子内和分子间氢键。
进一步地,所述增塑剂为丙二醇、丙三醇、聚乙二醇200、聚乙二醇400、聚乙二醇800、山梨醇、甘露醇、季戊四醇中的一种或几种。
采用上述种类的增塑剂,其增塑效果较好。
进一步地,所述热稳定剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯、三硬脂酸甘油酯、三聚甘油单硬脂酸甘油酯、月桂酸酯和失水山梨醇硬脂酸酯中的一种或几种。
采用上述种类的热稳定剂,其使得PVA树脂的稳定性较好。
进一步地,所述PVA树脂为水溶性PVA树脂,其醇解度为80-100%。
采用上述技术方案,选用水溶性PVA树脂,使得生产过程更加环保。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料的制备方法,其具有工艺简单,方便操作的特点。
本发明的上述目的通过以下技术方案得以实现:一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、取活化纳米碳酸钙(球型纳米碳酸钙:片状纳米碳酸钙=1:3)干燥至活性纳米碳酸钙含水量≤0.3%;
S2、将含水量≤0.3%的活化纳米碳酸钙(球型纳米碳酸钙:片状纳米碳酸钙=1:3) 与其余组份置于高混机中混合均匀,得到预混物;
S3、将预混物置于双转子连续混炼机组的主喂料筒中,通过双转子连续混炼挤出工艺制备可热塑性加工PVA专用料,工艺参数如下:料筒温度控制在Ⅰ区110~140℃、Ⅱ区150~180℃、Ⅲ区170~190℃、Ⅳ区190~200℃、模头190~200℃,密炼主机转速 200~500rpm,喂料机转速3~10rpm,单螺杆挤出机转速10~70rpm,切粒机转速 10~50rpm。
采用上述技术方案,双转子连续混炼机在保持了密炼机良好的分布和分散混合能力的同时又具备低温混合特性和连续生产的优势,而且工艺简单,操作方便。
综上所述,本发明具有以下有益效果:
1、本发明以不同形貌纳米碳酸钙协调作用,配合含氟化合物的作用,扩宽了PVA熔融造粒的加工窗口,解决PVA造粒时易分解变黄等问题,同时含氟化合物也赋予 PVA材料一定的疏水性;
2、双转子连续混炼机在保持了密炼机良好的分布和分散混合能力的同时又具备低温混合特性和连续生产的优势,本发明经双转子连续混炼机制备改性PVA树脂可直接用于熔融吹膜,因而具有投资小,产能高,能耗低等有优异效果。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
在本文中所披露的范围的端点和任何值都不限于该精确的范围或值,这些范围或值应当理解为包含接近这些范围的值。对于数值范围来说,各个范围的端点值之间、各个范围的端点值和单独的点值之间,以及单独的点值之间可以彼此组合而得到一个或多个新的数值范围,这些数值范围应被视为在本文中具体公开。
实施例一:一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料,PVA树脂(聚乙烯醇1799)70kg,活化纳米碳酸钙(球型纳米碳酸钙1.25kg、片状纳米碳酸钙3.75kg)5kg,增塑剂 (丙二醇5kg、丙三醇5kg、聚乙二醇2005kg)15kg,热稳定剂(单硬脂酸甘油酯) 3kg,抗氧剂(抗氧剂10100.8kg、抗氧剂DSTDP 0.5kg)1.3kg。
实施例二:一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料,PVA树脂(聚乙烯醇1799)50kg,活化纳米碳酸钙(球型纳米碳酸钙0.25kg、片状纳米碳酸钙0.75kg)1kg,增塑剂 (丙二醇)10kg,热稳定剂(单硬脂酸甘油酯)1kg,抗氧剂(抗氧剂1010)0.5kg。
实施例三:一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料,PVA树脂(聚乙烯醇1799)90kg,活化纳米碳酸钙(球型纳米碳酸钙2.5kg、片状纳米碳酸钙7.5kg)10kg,增塑剂(丙二醇5kg、丙三醇5kg、季戊四醇10kg)20kg,热稳定剂(单硬脂酸甘油酯)5kg,抗氧剂(抗氧剂10101.5kg、抗氧剂DSTDP 0.5kg)2kg。
实施例四:一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料,PVA树脂(聚乙烯醇2499)90kg,活化纳米碳酸钙(球型纳米碳酸钙1.25kg、片状纳米碳酸钙3.75kg)5kg,增塑剂(丙二醇5kg、丙三醇5kg、聚乙二醇20010kg)20kg,热稳定剂(三硬脂酸甘油酯3kg、三聚甘油单硬脂酸甘油酯2kg)5kg,抗氧剂(抗氧剂DSTDP)2.5kg。
实施例五:一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料,PVA树脂(聚乙烯醇0588)90kg,活化纳米碳酸钙(球型纳米碳酸钙1.25kg、片状纳米碳酸钙3.75kg)5kg,增塑剂(丙二醇20kg、丙三醇20kg)40kg,热稳定剂(月桂酸酯)3kg,抗氧剂(抗氧剂1010) 3kg。
按照实施例一至实施例五所示的比例:
S1、取5000~6000目粒度活化纳米碳酸钙(球型纳米碳酸钙:片状纳米碳酸钙=1:3),在干燥器内于100~140℃温度下干燥至含水量≤0.3%;
S2、将S1制得的活化纳米碳酸钙(球型纳米碳酸钙:片状纳米碳酸钙=1:3)与其他组分按实施例一至实施例五任一一种比例置于高混机内搅拌10~30min,使其混合均匀,得到预混物;
S3、将预混物置于双转子连续混炼机组的主喂料筒中,通过双转子连续混炼造粒工艺制备可热塑性加工PVA专用料,其设备参数如表1,制备工艺参数如表2。
表1双转子连续混炼挤出机参数
表2双转子连续混炼挤出机制备可热塑性加工PVA专用料加工工艺参数
对以上各实施例制得的可热塑性加工PVA专用料进行性能测试,具体测试结果如表3 所示。
表3各实施例性能测试结果。
测试项目 | 实施例一 | 实施例二 | 实施例三 | 实施例四 | 实施例五 |
密度(g/cm<sup>3</sup>) | 1.3 | 1.15 | 1.32 | 1.25 | 1.25 |
熔点(℃) | 190 | 203 | 186 | 175 | 193 |
接触角 | 52° | 49° | 55° | 49° | 49° |
拉伸强度(MPa) | 35.5 | 28 | 30 | 36.3 | 32 |
断裂伸长率(%) | 180 | 160 | 177 | 180.3 | 172 |
由表3数据可知,采用以上各实施例制得的可热塑性加工PVA专用料,其熔点与普通的PVA树脂的分解温度相差较远,能够方便PVA树脂的热塑加工。
对比例:
对比例一:一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料,其与实施例一的区别在于:原料中未添加增塑剂。
对比例二:一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料,其与实施例一的区别在于:原料中未添加活化纳米碳酸钙(球型纳米碳酸钙:片状纳米碳酸钙=1:3)
对比例三:一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料,其与实施例一的区别在于:原料中未添加增塑剂和活化纳米碳酸钙(球型纳米碳酸钙:片状纳米碳酸钙=1:3)
对以上各对比例制得的可热塑性加工PVA专用料进行性能测试,具体测试结果如表4 所示。
表4对比例一至对比例三制得的可热塑性加工PVA专用料的性能测试结果。
测试项目 | 对比例一 | 对比例二 | 对比例三 |
密度(g/cm3) | 1.3 | 1.26 | 1.27 |
熔点(℃) | 218 | 210 | 230 |
接触角 | 50° | 49° | 49° |
拉伸强度(MPa) | 33 | 25 | 23 |
断裂伸长率(%) | 165 | 150 | 59 |
测试项目对比例一、对比例二、对比例三的熔点分别为:218℃,210℃,230℃,而实施例一的熔点为190℃,由以上数据可知,当活化纳米碳酸钙和增塑剂同时存在时,会发生协同作用,大幅度地降低PVA树脂的熔点,使得PVA树脂的熔点远离PVA树脂的分解温度,获得热塑加工窗口。
对比例:
对比例四:一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料,其与实施例一的区别在于:原料中添加氟化物(六氟丁醇)0.5kg。
对比例五:一种可热塑性加工PVA专利料,其与实施例一的区别在于,原料中添加氟化物(六氟丁醇)1kg。
对比例六:一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料,其与实施例一的区别在于,原料中添加氟化物(六氟丁醇)3kg。
对以上各比例制得的可热塑性加工PVA专用料进行性能测试,具体测试结果如表5所示。
表5对比例四至对比例五制得的可热塑性加工PVA专用料的性能测试结果。
测试项目 | 对比例四 | 对比例五 | 对比例六 |
密度(g/cm3) | 1.31 | 1.31 | 1.32 |
熔点(℃) | 187 | 180 | 170 |
接触角 | 60° | 83° | 90° |
拉伸强度(MPa) | 35.6 | 35.8 | 35.4 |
断裂伸长率(%) | 180 | 180.1 | 180.9 |
测试项目对比例四、对比例五、对比例六的熔点分别是187℃,180℃,170℃,而实施一的熔点为190℃,由以上数据可知,当加入了氟化物以后,含氟化合物中氟原子电负性大,容易与PVA树脂的羟基形成分子间氢键,从而破坏了PVA树脂相邻羟基间形成分子内和分子间氢键,使小分子增塑剂更易进入分子内部进行增塑,从而进一步降低了PVA树脂的熔点,拓宽了PVA树脂的热塑加工窗口。
以上详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式,但是,本发明并不限于此。在本发明的技术构思范围内,可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型,包括各个技术特征以任何其它的合适方式进行组合,这些简单变型和组合同样应当视为本发明所公开的内容,均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (7)
1.一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料,其特征在于,包括如下原料组成,按重量份数计:PVA树脂50~90重量份、活化纳米碳酸钙(球型纳米碳酸钙:片状纳米碳酸钙=1:3)1~10重量份、增塑剂10~40重量份、热稳定剂1~5重量份和抗氧剂0.5~3重量份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料,其特征在于,还包括以下重量份数计的的原料:含氟化合物0.5~3重量份。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料,其特征在于,所述含氟化合物为六氟丁醇、三氟乙醇、二氟乙醇、八氟戊醇、三氟环氧丙烷、全氟辛基乙基丙烯酸酯、甲基丙烯酸-2、2、2-三氟乙酯的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料,其特征在于,所述增塑剂为丙二醇、丙三醇、聚乙二醇200、聚乙二醇400、聚乙二醇800、山梨醇、甘露醇、季戊四醇中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料,其特征在于,所述热稳定剂为单硬脂酸甘油酯、三硬脂酸甘油酯、三聚甘油单硬脂酸甘油酯、月桂酸酯和失水山梨醇硬脂酸酯中的一种或几种。
6.根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的一种可热塑性加工PVA专用料,其特征在于,所述PVA树脂为水溶性PVA树脂,所述水溶性PVA树脂的醇解度为80-100%。
7.一种权利要求1-6任意一项所述的可热塑性加工PVA专用料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
S1、取活化纳米碳酸钙(球型纳米碳酸钙:片状纳米碳酸钙=1:3)干燥至活性纳米碳酸钙含水量≤0.3%;
S2、将含水量≤0.3%的活化纳米碳酸钙(球型纳米碳酸钙:片状纳米碳酸钙=1:3)与其余组份置于高混机中混合均匀,得到预混物;
S3、将预混物置于双转子连续混炼机组的主喂料筒中,通过双转子连续混炼挤出工艺制备可热塑性加工PVA专用料,工艺参数如下:料筒温度控制在Ⅰ区110~140℃、Ⅱ区150~180℃、Ⅲ区170~190℃、Ⅳ区190~200℃、模头190~200℃,密炼主机转速200~500rpm,喂料机转速3~10rpm,单螺杆挤出机转速10~70rpm,切粒机转速10~50rpm。
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